（德州专）中考英语总复习 第三部分 题型研析 高分保障 题型二 阅读理解课件

第三部分第三部分 题型研析题型研析 高分保障高分保障题型题型 2 2阅读理解阅读理解 近五年的阅读理解部分都为四篇，20个小题共40分，是试卷中分值最高的一题。阅读文章题材丰富，记叙文、说明文和应用文均有涉及。考查学生是否具备必要的常识、关注社会热点和了解多学科综合知识，同时也考查学生是否具有缜密的思维，尤其是推理判断能力和归纳概括能力。涉及的话题以介绍类(人物、事物、动物)、跨文化介绍类、人物经历及感受、广告海报信息为主，命题将在考查细节理解的基础上逐渐注重对文章整体的理解和把握。抓住了阅读，就是抓住了中考的命脉。考生在复习时一定要注意阅读速度、技巧、文化背景常识等方面的积累，以便提升通过文字获取信息的能力。解题技法解题技法指导指导阅读指导阅读指导 快速阅读，在考试时才能节省时间。怎样才能做到快速阅读呢？在平时的阅读训练中，我们可以按照以下几点来做：1抓关键句(如名词、动词、主谓宾构成的简单句及常见的几种复合句)。2抓首尾句，即中心句，也叫主题句。3在浏览题目的同时，用铅笔画出有关信息来缩小寻找范围。4学会通过阅读上下文或跳读来推测词义。5最后，要复读检查。答完题后，再重读一遍短文，以验证所做的答案。例题精析例题精析2015德州中考阅读下列短文，然后从每小题A、B、C、D中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。【主旨大意】本文是一篇应用文。详细介绍了电影速度与激情7的订票单，向人们展示了购票时间、购票方法及一些优惠措施等。1If you want to book a ticket，you can NOT_Ause the InternetBgo to the Box Office on SundaysCring and pay by credit cardDpost the booking form to the Box Office【解析】细节理解题。由“Box Office opens from Monday to Saturday”可知，Box Office的开门时间是从星期一到星期六，说明在星期天不能买到票。【答案】B2If you make a group booking for 14 persons，how much should you pay?A$120.B$126.C$140.D$150.【解析】数字计算题。由“Group bookings：10%discount for groups of twelve or more”可知，12人或12人以上均可打折优惠10%，票价每人10元，14人共140元，打折10%，14014126。因此需付126美元。【答案】B3On average(平均)，which kind of tickets is the cheapest?ASaver.BSupersaver.CGroup bookings.DSchool.【解析】细节理解题。由“Saver：$2 off for children under 16 years old，over 60s and fulltime students”可知，少付2美元，只付8美元即可；由“Supersaver：halfprice seats for disabled people，only eight wheelchair spaces available”可知，残疾人可付半价，即5美元；由“Group bookings：10%discount for groups of twelve or more”可知，团体票每人合9美元；由“School：$6 tickets for school groups of ten or more，every tenth ticket free”可知，10人或10人以上的学校团体票每张6美元，每组第十张票免费，故每人为5.4美元。【答案】B4Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?AThere are no spaces for wheelchairs.BThe audience(观众)can never exchange tickets.CA group of 12 can get 10%discount.DA school group of 15 should pay$90 for the tickets.【解析】推理判断题。由“Group bookings：10%discount for groups of twelve or more”可知。【答案】C5The passage is _Abooking notes of Furious 7Ba review of Furious 7Ca survey of Furious 7Dnews about Furious 7【解析】主旨大意题。该文包括票价、优惠方案、售票时间等，很显然是一份订票单。【答案】A考点拓展：6The word“Booking”in the passage means _A书 B账簿 C登记 D预订【解析】词义猜测题。由下文可知，可以通过四种方式预订电影票，因此可推测词义为“预订”。【答案】D技法点拨技法点拨1细节理解题细节理解题重在抓关键词。利用题干的关键词，寻找文中相对应的词，在对应词周围找答案或直接在文中搜索答案，对号入座。这类试题是针对文章中的某一个特定细节，或若干细节，或针对文章的主要事实等而设计的。如1题、3题。2数字计算题理清有关数字之间的关系，列出数学算式。或者结合文章的细节，根据题目要求找出要计算的部分。如2题。3推理判断题根据文中某些词、句子或段落进行推理，或根据句子的语气、文章论调和倾向进行推断。读整篇文章，根据作者意图及文章细节的发展做出正确的推理和判断。如4题。4主旨大意题/标题归纳题这类题目考查考生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。可以从文章的首、尾句(段)寻找主题句，或者从文章的标题到各个部分都进行略读，以归纳出要点，概括作者的意图、观点和态度，了解全文的概貌。做此类题目要注意：以原文为依据，不掺杂个人意见；不选对的，只选最适合本篇文章的；注意绝对化的词；答案要避免以点带面，以偏概全；文章中没提到的就当作不知道，不要妄自猜测，自作聪明，一切以文章为准。如第5题。5词义猜测题词义猜测题主要考查学生利用上下文对词、词组的辨别能力。在阅读过程中，有些同学一遇到生僻词就查阅词典，这是不可取的。这不但使我们养成依赖词典的习惯，而且还会影响阅读速度。猜测词义是阅读理解的基本技巧之一。解答这类题目时需要一些猜词技巧：根据上下文猜测；根据同义词或反义词猜测；根据构词法猜测；通过定义或释义猜测；根据转折、因果关系等来猜测；根据生活常识猜测。此外，对于这类题目采取“代入法”也十分有效，即将备选答案逐一带入文中，哪一选项能使句子的意思通顺、连贯，且与上下文的内容一致，就是正确答案。如第6题。即时运用即时运用Passage 12017福建中考(8分钟，10分)文体说明文话题发明词数284 No one knows when the first kite was made.The first record of a kite was more than 2，000 years ago in China.Han Xin，the leader of an army，wanted to bring down a king.He decided to dig a tunnel(隊道)into the kings palace.He flew a kite over the wall of the palace to make sure the length(长度)of its string(线)In this way，he could determinedetermine how long the tunnel should be.His men in the tunnel took the kite string with them.When they reached the end of the string，they knew to dig up.Kites have been flown in Japan for hundreds of years.In the 1700s，kites were flown in autumn to give thanks for a good harvest.They were also flown to send good wishes to couples who had their first son.Today in Japan，kites are often flown as part of a celebration，such as the beginning of a new year.And kite festivals are held each year in many parts of the country.Kites have been used for scientific purposes in the western world.In 1752，Benjamin Franklin tied a key to a kite and flew it in a storm to find out that lightening was a form of electricity.In the 1890s，Lawrence Hargrave invented the box kite to test ideas about flight.From 1898 until 1933，the United States Weather Bureau(气象局)used box kites to collect weather data.The Wright brothers also experimented(试验)with kites.What they learnt helped them make the first airplane flight in 1903.1Why did Han Xin want to dig a tunnel？_ATo pull down the palace.BTo fight against the king.CTo search for the kings treasure.DTo find out the length of the kite string.2What does the underlined word“determine”in Paragraph 1 probably mean in Chinese？_A测定 B选择 C了解 D考察BA3One of the purposes of flying kites in Japan is _Ato give thanks for a good harvest in summerBto express good wishes to the firstborn daughterCto celebrate the beginning of a new yearDto hold kite festivals all over the country4When did the United States Weather Bureau begin to use box kites？_AIn 1752.BIn 1898.CIn 1903.DIn 1933.5What would be the best title for the text？_AThe History of KitesBThe Experiments of KitesCThe Invention of a KiteDThe First Record of a KiteCBAPassage 2 2017烟台中考(8分钟，10分)文体应用文话题人物介绍词数1611The Halloween party will be held_Aon June 5 at 587 Tongshi RoadBon October 26 in the fifth buildingCon October 26 at 587 Rose RoadDon June 16 at 256 Tongshi Road2If Jack downloads the ShaiShufang app，he can_Ashare books with his friendsBsee what Halloween has in storeCcontact with Julia or LisaDtake part in the lectureCA3The dog Cookie_Awas lost 6 weeks ago Bhas black eyesChas brown hair DB and C4What is the lecture given by Professor Wang Dong on？_AA new appShaiShufang.BChinese Traditional Culture.CForeign Language Research.DChinese Language.DB5Which of the statements is TRUE？_AThe Halloween Party will last 16 hours.BThe person who finds the lost dog will be rewarded 300 pounds.CWhen a book is published，an app user can add it into his or her shopping list.DProfessor Wang Dong works in the Chinese Language Department of Yantai University.CPassage 3 2017盐城中考(8分钟，10分)Is advertisement really necessary？Billions of dollars are spent on it every year，so it must be important.After all，its a busy world.You have to advertise to get peoples attention to sell products!Not every company thinks that way，however.The NOAD company doesnt advertise in traditional ways.It sells its products by word of mouth.In this way，they can save money and keep costs down，which makes their products cheaper for customers.“Wordofmouth advertising”happens when one person tells another about a good experience with a product or service.That next person then tells another friend，family member，or colleague(同事)And so a chain of information is created.文体说明文话题广告词数285 Usually，advertisers talk about how good their product is although they say things like，“Studies show that our product is the best.”or“Everyone loves this product.”It can sound unconvincingunconvincingIts much more believable to hear about a product from a family，member or friend who has used it and liked it.Our loved ones opinions are very important to us，so we often listen to their advice about a product.Wordofmouth advertising has other advantages，too.Its costeffective(after all，its free)and a company doesnt have to create a complex business plan to do it.Here is some advice for small businesses about wordofmouth advertising.Be prepared to talk about your company at any time.You never know who you will meet.Always carry business cards.Only say good things about your company.Dont say bad things about your competition.Help other companies by recommending people to them.The more you help others，the more good luck will come back to you.and thats good business.1Why do some companies spend lots of money on advertisements？_ATo attract people to their products.BTo make the environment beautiful.CTo tell people the names of their companies.DTo make their products very useful.A2In the picture，by saying，“I always buy it.”，the speaker probably means to_Asell the product to her relativeBtell her customer about the serviceCbuy the product for her colleagueDrecommend the product to her friend3What does the underlined word“unconvincingunconvincing”in Paragraph 4 probably mean？_Auncomfortable BunimportantCunbelievable DunusualDC4What might NOAD companies do according to the passage？_ACreate complex business plans.BSay bad things about other companies.CImprove their products and service all the time.DHelp other companies by wishing them good luck.5The writers main purpose of writing the passage is_Ato tell us to care more about advertisementsBto introduce some information about NOADCto show us how to sell products by advertising on TVDto make us believe there is no need to make advertisementsCBPassage 4 2017滨州中考(8分钟，10分)文体议论文话题共享单车词数272 Bikesharing has swept across China，with an increasing number of people choosing bike riding instead of driving.The bike that the service company provides has GPS or Bluetooth on it，and those bikes can be easily unlocked with a smart phone and left anywhere in public.Bikesharing allows people to borrow a bike from one place and return it at another place easily.In some cities，we can see more and more people riding this kind of sharingbikes.Its very convenient to use the bikes if you have a smart phone.First，you have to download such an APP on your smart phone.Then what you need to do is to find a nearest bike through the APP，scanscan the QR code on the bike or connect your phone with the bike over a Bluetooth wireless connection.You will find the bike can be unlocked itself.Then you can enjoy your trip.Whats more，the greatest advantage of bikesharing is that you can easily find one and never worry about where to park it.The cost of riding depends on the time that you spend.Normally，every hour you ride，you need to pay one yuan.It doesnt cost so much，does it?At the same time，some people park the bikes in their own homes.Besides，some people dont value the bikes.Now service companies are trying to solve the problem like being stolen.Technology and science have changed our social lifestyles.We have to say bikesharing brings us more convenience without doubt.And we also hope that people can not only enjoy it but also put it to good use.1From the first paragraph，we know _Abikesharing is invented in ChinaBsharingbikes are used by some peopleCmost people in cities dont driveDsharingbikes can be borrowed anywhere2The underlined word“scan”in Paragraph 2 probably means“_”in Chinese.A浏览 B扫描 C审视 D细查3If you want to use a sharingbike，you must _ first.Ahave a smart phone and download an APPBdownload an APP and pay for the tripCunlock the bike and download an APPDfind a nearest bike and borrow it from anyoneBBA4Which of the following is NOTNOT mentioned in this passage？_ABikesharing is very cheap.BSharingbikes may be stolen.CSharingbikes are easy to unlock.DBikesharing is a kind of green transport.5The passage probably comes from a _Ascience textbook Btourist guideCwebsite news report Drestaurant menuDC