中考英语重点句法考点17：宾语从句

2010中考英语重点句法考点17：宾语从句一、直接引语变间接引语1.人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。1). 一随主指若直接引语中的主语为第一人称时,变间接引语时应与主句的主语人称一致.She said I like playing basketball.She said that _ _ playing basketball .2). 二随宾指若直接宾语中的主语为第二人称时,变间接宾语时应与主句的宾语人称一致.She asked Tom Can I have a look at your picture.She asked Tom if _ could have a look at _ picture .3). 第三人称不更新指若直接宾语中的主语为第三人称时,变间接宾语时人称保持不变.She said to me They want to help me.She told me that _ _ to help me .2.指示代词，时间、地点状语的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthatthatthose时间状语nowthentodaythat daythis morningthat morning three days agothree days beforeLast week the week beforetomorrowthe next /following daynext yearthe next year地点状语herethere动词comego二. 宾语从句的考查宾语从句在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1.考查宾语从句的语序： 宾语从句的语序用陈述句语序。即 主语+谓语+Do you know when _?A.does the next train leave B.the next train leaves C.will the next train leave D.the next train will leave 注：若从句时疑问句，但语序不变的有：1).who在从句中作主语。Can you tell me _?(谁将来这儿)2).whats wrong / the matter ?He asked what was the matter with me .3).what happened I dont know what happened yesterday .4).which is the way to .?Can you tell me which is the way to the park ?2.考查宾语从句的引导词1).若宾语从句时陈述句时，引导词用that 且that 可省掉。She said Im gald to see you = She said _ _ _ gald to see me .2).宾语从句时一般疑问句时，引导词用if 或whether . 一般情况下if /whether 可互换，但后有or not / or 、动词不定式或介词的后面时，只能用whether .He saked me Are you going to Wuhan ? = He asked me _ _ _ going to Wuhan.Im thinking about _ to go there .A.if B.whether C.that 3).宾语从句时特殊疑问句时，引导词用特殊疑问词。Do you know _? Im not sure ,Maybe he is a businessman .A.who he is B.who is he C.what he does D.what does he do 4).若宾语从句时肯定祈使句时，就改为ask /tell sb to do sth .若为否定祈使句，就改为ask /tell sb not to sth .Dont open the door The teacher said . = The teacher told me _ _ _ the door .3.宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。Can you tell me _? He is a doctor .A.what is he B.what he was C.what he is D.what was he 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。He asked _.A.what time it is B.what time is it C.what time it was D.what time was it He told me that he _ for the sports meet.A.is preparing B.was preparing C.will prepare D.has prepared 注：1) 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。Our teacher said that January_(be) the first month of the year.Our teacher said that the earth _(go) around the sun. 2).若主句为could you .?表示请求客气的语气，从句的时态仍然不变。Could you tell me _?A.what he was doing B.what was he doing C.what he is doing D.what is he doing 4.if /when 引导状语从句和宾语从句这两种从句。从句的时态的确定。ifWhenif/when从句的时态条件/时间状语从句如果、假如当的时候一般现在时宾语从句是否什么时候一般将来时Can you guess if they_ to play football with us ? I think they will come if they _free.A. come , are B. will come , will be C. will come , are D. come , will be Can you tell me when he_here tomorrow ? When he _ here , please call me .A. comes , comes B. will come , will come C. will come ,comes D. comes, will come 5.宾语从句的简化：1).宾语从句是陈述句时，且主、从句的主语一致，可简化为动词+ to do sth.I hope I can meet you again .I hope _ _ you again .2).宾语从句是疑问句时，且主、从句的主语一致，或从句的主语与主句的宾语一致。可简化为疑问词+ to do sth.I dont know what I should do next .I dont know _ _ _ next .Could you tell me how I can get there ?Could you tell me _ _ _ there ?John didnt decide which shirt he would buy .John didnt decide _ _ _ _ .3).hear / see / find + that + 从句 ，可改为hear / see / find + sb (要用宾格) + doing sth.I heard that they were singing in the next room.=I heard _ _ in the next room .We found that she was playing with the cat under the tree .We found _ _ with the cat under the tree.