nounclauses名词性从句.ppt

Noun Clauses名词性从句,概念： 在从句中起名词作用的从句即名词性从句。 它们是： 主语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句和表语从句。 1.主语从句： 在复合句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句。 Who has been chosen is still a secret to all. That one believes in oneself in doing everything is very important.,注意：主语从句如果偏长，可将其移至谓语动词之后，前面用it作形式主语。 That he is an honest boy is known to all. It is known to all that he is an honest boy. That the Chinese volleyball team once won six world championships successively is true. It is true that the Chinese volleyball team once won six world championships.,It is,在这个结构中，谓语动词常用should+动词原形。 如： It is suggested that we should think twice before we act. It is requested that we should change the old instrument.,insisted,ordered,commanded,suggested,advised,proposed,demanded,required,requested,that ,另外，在上述句型或 It is a pity/shame that 也用 should + 动词原形. 如： It is a pity that he should go without telling anyone. It is necessary that you should tell him the truth.,It is,necessary,important,strange,surprising,that ,2. 宾语从句,宾语从句：在复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句，以上连词都可引起宾语从句。 Everyone knows that he always gives answers and never ask questions, so he is called Mr. Know-all. 宾语从句应注意的几个问题： 当一个动词带有两个或两个以上that 引导的宾语从句时，第一个that 可以省略，但从第二个开始不可以省略。 He said (that) he would spend his winter holiday in London this year and that it would be the first time he would spend his holiday alone abroad., 当宾语从句有补语时，要用形式宾语it代替，而将宾语从句移至补语后，同时that不可省略。 We should make it clear that protecting the environment is everyones duty. We find it important that one forms a good habit., 在be+adj.后的宾语从句中，that 可以省略。 Im glad (that) Ill see all my fiends soon. Im sure (that) he will stand on our side. whether和if 均能引起宾语从句，但是if 只能在动词后，在介词后要用whether。 He asked whether/if we could do him a favour. We wondered whether/if he would come or not. -Will you come tomorrow? -Sorry, I really dont know. It depends on whether it is raining (or not)., 宾语从句在时态上要求与主句一致（即时态呼应），也就是说主句为一般现在时，从句可用任何时态；如从句为一般过去时态，主句应为过去时的某种时态。当然，从句为普遍真理和自然现象者例外. He says that he lives around the corner. He says that he has been here for a long time. He says that he once worked as a cook. He says that he is expecting his fathers telephone.,He said that he was learning English for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. He said that he would go abroad for further information. He said that it does not snow in winter in Australia. 在某些动词后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，其结构为should+动词原形，should 可以省略。这些常用动词是： insist;order, command; suggest, advise, propose； demand, request, require,注意： insist有两个意思“坚决要求”和“坚持认为”，前者用虚拟语气，而后者用陈述语气（实际时态）；同样suggest 也有两个意思“建议”和“表明”或“暗示”，当“建议”讲时用虚拟语气，否则用陈述语气（实际时态）。 如： He insisted that he should go to the front. He insisted that Tom was honest and hardworking. She suggested that she should answer the phone immediately.,(虚拟语气),(陈述语气),(虚拟语气),The smile on her face suggested that he was satisfied with the result.(陈述语气) 上述其他动词后一律用should+动词原形 如 They requested that an immediate answer should be given. He ordered that the troops (should) start at once.,3.同位语从句：,同位语从句： idea,fact,rumour,message,news,hope,belief, thought,doubt,proof,evidence,promise,probability等名词后出现的that 或wh-引导的从句作同位语，人们称之为同位语从句，同为语从句对所修饰得词起解释说明的作用。 I had no idea that you were here. They expressed the hope that they would visit China again. There is no doubt that he is not fit for the job.,The question how they could get the information was brought forward at the meeting . The government warned that the rumour that an earthquake would hit Harbin was not believable. 在下列同位语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形： Ones suggestion/advice/order/requirement/request/ 如：My suggestion that we should collect money for the poor girl has been taken.,4.表语从句,表语从句：由that, as if, wh-等引起的作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 The managers suggestion is that the new products should be put in market as soon as possible. The fact remains that we are behind some developed countries. It seems /appears as if the problem has been settled. Thats what we should do.,Asia is no longer what it used to be. Thats where we differ. That was how we were defeated. That was when our football team was formed. That was why we decided to put off the discussion. 在下列表语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形： Ones suggestion/requirement/order is that 如：My suggestion is that we should give him another chance. Her requirement is that she should be sent to Tibet to work.,解题要点：,如果从句意思完整，须用that,因为that 不作成分。 在涉及到“是否”时用whether,if只用在动词后的宾语从句中，而且也可以换成whether. that和what不可混淆，that无意义，不作成份；what有意义，做成分 that的不可省。,真题链接,The Foreign Ministry said,_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.（2004北京卷） A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is 答案 D 解析 It作形式主语，指代后面从句，意思是：外交部长说：“双方为和平而努力正是我们的希望。”,We cant figure out _ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.（2004北京卷） A. that B. as C. why D. when 答案C 解析 根据从句的结构，我们不难看出；虽然句子结构完整，但主句意思不明确，从而排除选项A、B；再看从句的时态是现在进行时，时间已经明确，因此选项D也予以排除，故答案选C。,I think Father would like to know _ Ive been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.（2004湖南卷） A. which B. why C. what D. how 答案C 解析 首先看宾语从句，up to后缺少宾语，因此排除选项B、D；选项A表示在范围内的选择，而句子中不存在选择的意思。,It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.（2003上海） A. that B. when C. what D. how 答案C 解析 what引导主语从句，what在主语从句中作主语。that引导主语从句时只起引导作用，不作任何成分，when表示时间，在主语从句中作状语；how表示方式，在主语从句中也作状语。,There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _.（2003上海） A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving 答案A 解析 that引导同位语从句具体说明新问题的内容。need后既可接动名词，也可接动词不定式的被动式表示被动。,-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh, thats _.（NMET why B. why ; because C. why ; that D. that ; because He doesnt think the question of _ they are men or women is important A. whether B. if C. which D. why,It was ordered that all the soldiers _ to the front A. should send B. must be sent C. should be sent D. must go Air is to us_ water is to fish A. is that B. what C. which D. that,According to Bill Gates, the idea _ we can play video games and receive e-mails without sitting at a keyboard will come true. However, it is unclear _ this kind of computer will be on sale and _ it will cost. A. which; that; that B. /; whether; how much C. that; when; what D. that; that; how much,_ made the school proud was _ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That; because _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interests in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that,Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever. A. that B. which C. of which D. what,_ be sent to work there? A. Whom do you suggest B. Who do you suggest C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should _ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A. What B. That C. This D. Which,The suggestion that we _ a group of these records _ as soon as possible was adopted by the committee. A. have; printed B. should have; printing C. will have; print D. have; to be printed The news _ Lincoln was murdered filled the American peoples hearts with deep sorrow. A. which B. when C. that D. how,We havent settled the question of _it is necessery for him to study abroad. A. if B. where C. whether D. that You are getting fatter and fatter. Thats _ you eat too much sugar. A. why B. that C. because D.what,The moment I got home, I found I _my jacket on the playground. (08陕西） A.had left B. left C. have left D. was leaving The teacher told us that the sun _in the east. A.is risen B. rises C.rose D.rising,The companies are working together to create_they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. (08北京） A.which B. that C. what D.who,-Its thirty years since we last met . -But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _we got lost on a rainy night. (06四川） A.which B. that C. what D.when,Dont _that all these who get good grades in the examination will prove to be most successful. A.take as granted B. take this for granted C. take that for granted D. take it for granted,I was surprised by her words, which made me recognise_silly mistakes I had made.( 05. 湖南） A.what B.that C. how D.which,Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago, _it was so poorly equipped.( 05. 安徽） A.what, when B.that , which C. what ,which D.which,that,_ is known to us all is that the old scientist, for_ life was hard in the past, still works very hard in his eighties.( 06湖北） A.As ,whom B.What, whom C. It, whose D.As,whose,She received the message _ he would come by plane. A. that B. which C. what D. when She received the message _ you sent her the other day. A. that B. which C. what D. when _ is no possibility _ Bob can win the first prize in the match. A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, which,Thank you,