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高等学校英语应用能力考试,写作专题（一）,一、应用文写作总体要求： 写作部分占总分的15%，要求考生在25分钟内写一段不少于80个词的短文。测试考生套写应用性短文、信函，填写英文表格或翻译简短的实用性文字的能力以及考生的综合能留，其中包括词汇、句型、语法、运用英语逻辑组织短文的能力。要求文章切题，思想表达正确，意义连贯，文理基本通顺，无重大语法错误。,二、应用文写作评分标准： 1. 本题按综合方式评分，从格式、表达和语言三方面衡量，只给一个分数，即给总体得分(global marking)。 2. 评分时应以考生应得(rewarding)分数评定，不要以扣分(penalty)方式评定。 3. 分数可分5个等级，即： 1) 14分：格式正确；内容完整，表达清楚；语言上仅有很少的小错。 2) 11分：格式基本正确；内容较完整，表达尚清楚；有一些语言错误，可以有个别句子结构上错误。 3) 8分：格式基本正确；内容大体完整，表达可勉强理解；有较多的语言错误，包括少量严重错误。 4) 5分：格式勉强正确；内容不完整，但是没有离题；表达有较大困难；语言有很多错误，有一些是严重错误。 5) 2分：格式不正确；内容表达不清楚；语言支离破碎，仅有个别句子尚正确。 4. 如果试卷的得分可高于或低于某一等级分，则应加1分或减1分。 5. 如果不按提示写作文或语言表达完全无法理解，应给0分。 6. 评分应力求准确，防止趋中倾向。 7. 词数不得少于80个词。词数不够，会扣分，每少10个词扣1分。,三、常用应用文类型介绍 应用文写作最主要的内容是常用的英文信函。此外，也包括一些其他类型的应用文，如通知、简历、申请表、便条、请柬、广告等。 （一）英文书信的特点 Clarity（清楚）：准确、清楚，使人读后一目了然 Conciseness（简洁）：篇幅要短，句子要短，用词简洁而通俗易懂 Courtesy（礼貌）：礼貌，要朴实，不要使人读后感到虚假。 （二）英文信函分为混合式和齐头式。 混合式：每一段的首行缩进两格。落款在信末中间靠右下的位置。 齐头式：信的所有内容都靠左，段与段之间空一行。,四、英文信函的结构： (1)信头 The heading (2)编号和日期 The reference number and the date (3)信内地址 The inside address (4)称谓 The salutation (5) 正文 The body of the letter (6) 结束语 The complimentary close (7) 签署 The signature (8) 附件 Enclosure,五、英文书信的分类 商务信函; 投诉信; 申请信; 通知信; 邀请信 祝贺信; 推荐信; 求职信等 其中，商务信函出现的频率较高，2005-2013年约出现十次。,1）建立贸易关系 A. 我们愿与贵公司建立商务关系。 B. 我们希望与您建立业务往来。 C. 我公司经营电子产品的进出口业务，希望与贵方建立商务关系。 Translation: A. We are willing to establish trade relations with your company. B. Please allow us to express our hope of opening an account with you. C. This corporation is specialized in handling the import and export business in electronic products and wishes to enter into business relations with you.,2) 自我推荐 A. 请允许我们自我介绍，我们是首屈一指的贸易公司。 B. 本公司经营这项业务已多年，并享有很高的国际信誉。 C. 我们的产品质量一流，我们的客户一直把本公司视为最可信赖的公司。 Translation: A. Let us introduce ourselves as a leading trading firm in B. Our company has been in this line of business for many years and enjoys high international prestige. C. Our products are of very good quality and our firm is always regarded by our customers as the most reliable one.,3) 推销产品 A. 我们从获知贵公司的名称，不知贵公司对这一系列的产品是否有兴趣。 B. 我们新研制的已推出上市，特此奉告。 C. 我们盼望能成为贵公司的供应商。 D. 我们的新产品刚刚推出上市，相信您乐于知道。 E. 相信您对本公司新出品的会感兴趣。 Translation: A. Your name has been given byand we like to inquire whether you are interested in these lines. B. We are pleased to inform you that we have just marketed our newly-developed C. We are pleased to get in touch with you for the supply of D. You will be interested to hear that we have just marketed our new product. E. You will be interested in our new product,4) 索取资料 A. 我们对贵方的新产品甚感兴趣，希望能寄来贵公司的产品目录及价目表。 B. 我们从纽约时报上看到贵公司的广告，但愿能收到产品的价目表及详细资料。 C. 获知贵公司有已上市，希望能赐寄完整的详细资料。 D. 如蒙赐寄贵公司新产品的详细资料，我们将深表感激。 E. 如蒙赐寄有关的样品和价目表，我们将甚为感激。 Translation: A. We are interested in your new productand shall be pleased to have a catalog and a price list. B. We have seen your advertisement in The New York Times and should be glad to have your price lists and details of your terms. C. We hear that you have puton the market and should be glad to have full details. D. We should appreciate full particulars of your newly developed product. E. We should be obliged if you would send us samples and price lists of you,说明：根据下列要求写一封商业信函。 1）在2011年2月的儿童玩具杂志上看到贵公司的洋娃娃产品广告，很感兴趣； 2）想了解详细信息，期望能寄一份洋娃娃的目录和最新价格表； 3）如质量满意，价格合理，可以长期大量订购。 Words for reference: 洋娃娃 baby doll 审题概述 询价信函的写作要注意按以下模式进行： 第一步，表明信息来源或者自我介绍；第二步，表明感兴趣的商品以及想了解的信息，包括目录、价格、支付条件等等；第三步，表明合作意向（若价格合适就订货），同时期盼尽快回复。 Dear Sir or Madam, From “Childrens Toys” in February, 2011, we learn that you are a leading exporter of baby dolls. Were very interested in those goods and would appreciate you if you can send us catalogues and samples. Meanwhile, please provide us your latest prices, discounts and terms of payments. Should your price be found competitive and goods be up to standard, we intend to place a large order on a regular basis. Hope to hear from you soon! Truly yours, Peter NBW Co. Ltd.,5) 寄发资料 A. 很高兴寄你一邮包，内装 B. 欣然寄上我方目录，提供我方各类产品的详细情况。 C. 欣然奉上我方产品样品，在贵方展厅展出。 D. 为使贵方对我方各种款式的手工艺品有一初步了解，今航邮奉上我方目录和一些样品资料，供贵方参考。 Translation: A. We are pleased to send you by parcel post a package containing B. We have pleasure in sending you our catalogue, which gives full information about our various products. C. We should be pleased to let you have samples to give a demonstration on your premises. D. In order to give you some idea of various qualities of handicrafts we carry, we have pleasure in forwarding you by airmail one catalogue and a few sample books for your perusal.,6) 附寄资料 A. 随函附上本公司新出品的样品，请查收。 B. 随函附上购货合同第号两份，希查收，谅无误。请会签并退我方一份备案。 C. 我们确认向贵方购买，随函附上订单确认书供参照。 Translation: A. You will find enclosed with this letter a sample of new B. Enclosed please find two copies of Purchase Contract No, which we trust will be found in order. Kindly sign and return one copy for our file. C. We confirm having purchased from youA confirmation order is enclosed for your reference.,7) 请求做代理商(purchasing agent) A. 我们深盼与英国公司接洽，希望成为其销售代理商之一。 B. 如蒙考虑担任销售你们代理商，我们将十分高兴。 Translation: A. We are anxious to contact some British firms with a view to acting as their selling agents. B. We should be glad if you would consider our application to act as agents for the sale of your,8) 请求报价(Request for quotation) A. 兹函请提供的报价。 B. 请将定期供应之报价赐知。 C. 请将下列货品的最低价赐知。 Translation: A. We are writing to invite quotations for the supply of B. Please let us have a quotation for the regular supply for C. Kindly quote us your lowest prices for the goods listed below.,9) 询价(Inquiry Letter) A. 随函寄上询价单一份。 B. 如果贵方对感兴趣，请告具体询价。 C. 一收到贵方具体询价单，我方马上航空邮上样品册并报价。 Translation: A. We are enclosing here with an inquiry sheet. B. If you are interested in our, please let us know with a specific inquiry. C. Quotations and sample books will be airmailed to you upon receipt of your specific inquiry.,10) 价格（协议书Agreement） A. 我们发现你方报价比我们从其他地方收到的略为偏高，请你方降价，以适应竞争。 B. 我们很抱歉地通知你方价格无竞争力，若贵方能降低价格，使我方可接受的话，我们仍对交易感兴趣。 Translation: A. We find your quotation slightly higher than those we have received from other sources, and ask you to reduce your price to meet the competition. B. Were sorry to inform you that your price has been found uncompetitive, but were still interested in doing business if you can bring down your price to a level acceptable.,Practice of Composition Directions: You are required to write an Inquiry Letter according to the following information given in Chinese. 你是美国一家公司的经理John Smith。2014年2月17日你收到中国一家公司给你的来信，信中附有该公司的真丝产品和价格表。今天（5月2日）你给该公司回信表明你对该类产品很感兴趣，美国的许多客户经常来信向你询问此类产品。如果价格合理的话你将大量订货。同时请对方寄来样品并提供最优惠的条件。 注意：必须 包括对收信人的称谓，写信日期、发信人的签名等基本 格式。 Words for reference: General Manager总经理; a catalog and a price list of the silk product真丝产品目录和价目表; give considerable orders大量订货; the most favorable terms最优惠条件,Dear Sir, We have received your letter of Feb 17th, 2014 with a price list and a catalogue of your silk products enclosed. We have much interest in your products, and we often received inquiries about them from our customers in the United States. We will give you considerable orders if your prices are reasonable. If possible, please send us some samples and give us most favorable terms. Waiting for your earliest reply. Yours faithfully, John Smith The General Manager,高等学校英语应用能力考试,写作专题（二）,一、书信,1）投诉信(A Letter of Complaint) 2008.12真题 投诉信是对产品或服务表示不满的信件，一般分三个部分：1. 提出投诉内容；2. 说明具体情况；3. 提出解决办法 常用的表达： 1. Im writing to complain about the poor quality of 2. I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with 3. There are some problems with the phone. 4. I can hardly bear/ tolerate/ put up with it any more. 5. Either you refund or exchange it. 6. Please reply as soon as possible./ Any early response will be appreciated. 7. Thank you for your consideration.,2）申请信(Application Letter) 2007.12真题 当申请一项工作，或申请一个学校留学时，都应该使用申请信。申请信应该简洁、明确，如实地反映你的才能、成绩、愿望和目标。 常用的表达： 1. I am writing to apply for the position of/ as a qualified candidate of 2. I should be very much obliged if you could grant my application. 3. Im looking forward to your early reply. 3）邀请信（A letter of invitation）2005.12真题&教材下册第一课写作（略讲） 在日常人际交往和商务活动中，常常需要写邀请信。邀请信分正式和非正式两种。正式邀请信也叫请柬，要求格式规范、庄重，措辞诚恳有礼；非正式邀请信的格式与普通书信格式相同，但要求措词婉转、亲切。邀请函通常包括：被邀请者、邀请者、活动的时间、地点、内容及安排，如果要求回复，应写明R.S.V.P. 附：回复邀请信,范文 给你的朋友Jenny写一封邀请信，邀请她于6月25日晚八点和你一起去北京音乐厅听圣诞音乐会。写的时候注意写清楚说明时间，地点。而且在信中要表达非常希望对方能够一起去。注意以下词汇：圣诞音乐会 Christmas concert。 June 15 Dear Jenny,I have two tickets for a famous Christmas concert at Beijing Concert Hall on Friday, June 25. I heard it was a wonderful concert and I made great effort to get the ticket. Will you join me? Ill be waiting for you at eight sharp Friday night in front of the concert hall, so dont disappoint me!Warmest regards. Alice,范文 请代Jason教授给美国文化研究委员会的张青写一封回信，信中感谢委员会的邀请，并愿意接受邀请参加论坛。他将于6月25日到达北京。这是一封回函。写的时候首先要注意的是格式，另外注意的是内容的表达，要首先感谢人家的邀请再明确地表示接受邀请。最后表达一种渴望来的心情。 June14,2010Dear Mr. Zhang,Thank you very much for your kind invitation. It is with greatest pleasure that I accept your invitation to attend the American Culture Forum on June 28 at Beijing International Convention Center.I am expected to arrive in Beijing on June 25.I look forward very much to seeing you and other participants. Sincerely yours， Jason,4）感谢信(Thank-you Note/ Letter of Thanks)教材上册第二课写作（略讲） 常用的表达： 1. Im writing to express my thanks for 2. Thank you so much for 3. Im very grateful to you for 审题概述 商务感谢信首先对对方给予的款待、帮助等表示由衷的感谢，然后用简洁的语言赞赏对方提供帮助所起到的作用，或促成的结果，最后由衷的表示感谢，并希望有朝一日能够回报。,范文 说明：你是EB公司的Kate，刚从英国出差回来，在英国期间得到了LH公司的Anne Green小姐的照顾，你想写一封电子邮件表示感谢，内容包括： 1）感谢她在英国期间的热情招待； 2）告诉她英国很漂亮，给你留下了深刻的印象； 3）和贵公司的接触很融洽，希望能更近一步合作； 4）写信日期：2011年4月10 April 10, 2011 Dear Anne Green, Im writing this mail to thank you for your kindness and hospitality during my stay in Britain! It was really an unforgettable experience! Through this business visit, I have known your country much better. The beauty of this city really impresses me. Everything goes on well during this trip and we keep good relationship with you. I do hope we can strengthen our further cooperation. Hope I have the chance to give you a reception in the near future. With many thanks. Sincerely yours, Kate EB Company,6）祝贺信（A Letter of Congratulations） 英语中，祝贺信使用的频率很高。凡是遇到重大的喜庆节日，如圣诞节、新年、婚礼和生日等等。当亲友晋升、毕业、考试成功或出国留学时也要写祝贺信。具体写作步骤：段首表达听到喜讯的心情；主体段落对喜讯进行积极评价；结尾段表达衷心的祝贺之情。 常用的表达： 1. I would like to congratulate you on your splendid success. 2. I offer you my warmest congratulations on your 3. Please accept my heartfelt congratulations on,5) 道歉信（Letter of Apology） 道歉信是因工作失误等引起对方的不快，而表示赔礼道歉、消除误解、增进友谊和信赖的信函。信的开头：简单交代对何事进行道歉；正文：解释事情发生的原因，消除误会或矛盾；结尾：再次表示遗憾和歉意，表明愿意补救的愿望，提出建议或安排。道歉信应注意实事求是，简明扼要，态度诚恳。 常用的表达： 1. I do apologize for/ Im terribly sorry for 2. Please accept my apology for,7) 推荐信(Recommendation Letter/ Reference Letter) 推荐信是一个人为推荐另一个人去接受某个职位或参与某项工作而写的信件。 常用的表达： 1. Its my great pleasure to take the opportunity to recommend 2. I am writing to you to recommend 3. If you have further questions about, please do not hesitate to give me a call. My phone number is,8）求职信 (Application Letter) 求职信又称“自荐信”或“自荐书”，是求职人向用人单位介绍自己情况以求录用的专用性文书。求职信的内容要求简练、明确，切忌模糊、笼统、面面俱到。 求职信的写作关键是抓住以下三个部分：写信动机、自我介绍及结尾。写作动机说明是通过何种途径得知岗位信息；自我介绍主要说明自己的年龄、教育背景、工作经验及能力；结尾希望能得到面谈的机会。 常用的表达： 1. I would like to apply for the position ofwhich you advertised in the newspaper of 2. I think Im quite qualified for this job. 3. I really appreciate if you give me this opportunity. 4. If you would like to know more about my ability, I can be available for an interview at any time convenient to you.,范文 说明：你叫王凯，于3月30日在智联招聘网（Z）上看到HW公司招聘销售经理的信息，请给该公司的经理写一封求职信表示求职意愿。 内容： 1）说明你从何处得到招聘信息； 2）简单介绍个人情况：28岁，毕业于东南大学管理学院，研究生学历，曾在ZX公司担任过2年的销售经理，经验丰富； 3）随信附上简历，期望与经理面谈。 Dear Sir or Madam, Learning from Z that youre looking for a sales manager, I would like to apply for the position. Im a graduate student from Management College of Southeast University. Though only 28 years old, Im rich in working experience, sales knowledge and management skills. Whats more, I have once worked as a sales manager in ZX Company for 2 years. Activism and self-confidence encourage me to face up to any challenge. For more about me, please see the resume attached. I would appreciate it if you can offer me a chance of interview. Look forward to your earliest reply! Sincerely yours, Wang Kai,范文 你在加拿大学习已经三年多了，想利用暑假打零工，在昨天的报纸上看到招聘暑期汉语教师，于是准备申请这个职位。 Dear Sir, Yesterday I found in the ad that you want a Chinese teacher during summer holiday. Im from China and Ive studied in Canada for three years. I had been a Chinese teacher for five years in a middle school before I left for Canada. I think Im quite qualified for this job. I really appreciate if you give me this opportunity. Yours truly, Wang Lin,范文 假如你叫李霞，你从报上得知某公司欲招聘一名英语翻译，请你给该公司经理写一份求职信，你的个人资料如下：1.简况：姓名，李霞；年龄，30岁（生于1980年）；性别，女；身高，身体状况，良好；业余爱好，游泳、唱歌，跳舞。2.简介：2002年南京大学毕业后分配到南通第一中学工作 3.工作：工作认真负责，与人相处和睦。4.特长：精通英语，尤其口语，已将多本中文书籍译成英语，懂一些德语，能用德语与外宾对话。 联系电话：87654321，联系地址：南通市人民路一号June 23, 2010Dear Sir or Madam, I learned from the newspaper that your company wanted to hire an English translator. Im interested in this job very much and I wish I could get this job. Now Id like to introduce myself to you. My name is Li Xia. Im 30 years old and Im in excellent health condition. I like swimming, singing and dancing in my spare time. I graduated from Nanjing University in 2002. Since then, I have been teaching in Nantong No.1 Middle School. I can work hard and get along well with others. Im good at English and especially my spoken English is very good. Ive translated many Chinese books into English. I can understand German and I can talk to foreigners in German freely. If you agree with me, please write a letter to me. I live at No.1 Renmin Road, Nantong city. My telephone number is 87654321. I look forward to hearing from you and appreciate your consideration of my application. Yours Faithfully，Li Xia,9) 证明信( Letter of Certification) To whom it may concern, This is to certify that 10) 辞职信（ Letter of Resignation） 注意事项： I regret having to resign from the position. I wish you and company the best luck and future success. （礼貌非常重要）,二、通知与海报（Notice and Poster） 注意事项： 1. 通知的标志 2. 发出通知的单位及时间 3. 通知的正文 4. 通知的对象 5. 通知的文体,范文 说明：以学生会的名义于2011年5月15日写一张讲座的通知，请大家积极参加。 演讲人：著名教授Mark Blair先生 时间：下周五晚7:00 地点：报告厅 主题：世界经济的变化 审题概述 关于讲座通知的写作，首先必须介绍讲座的内容、时间和地点，然后介绍演讲者相关的背景情况，最后提及讲座的吸引人之处，同时提倡学生积极参与。 NOTICE May 15, 2011 There is going to be a lecture on Changes of World Economy in the lecture hall at 7:00 p.m. next Friday. The lecture will be given by Prof. Mark Blair, who has got his doctors degree at Cambridge University. He is famous for analyzing world economy, and has published several books in this field. He will tell, in his own humorous style, huge changes about the world economy, from which you will learn a lot. All students are welcome to attend this lecture. Students Union,范文 假设你是英语系学生会主席，你系决定于6月3日（星期一）下午6：30在大礼堂举行“毕业晚会”，将有精彩的文艺演出，要求全系学生参加。请写一则通知，告诉大家准时参加。 Words for reference：大礼堂：auditorium毕业晚会：graduation party 文艺演出：program of entertainment 审题概述 这是一则通知，考生应先构思通知的框架结构；接下来，应将每个中文信息点组成完整的句子，这些句子应包含所有信息，不能有遗漏；然后考生应对句子进行语法分析，旨在将句子 完善成准确通畅的英文句子。 Notice All the students of English Department are required to attend the Graduation Party at 6:30 on June 3(Monday). There will be wonderful programs of entertainment. All the students are requested to be at the auditorium on time. Student Union of the English Department June1,2008,三、电子邮件（E-mail） 注意事项：1. 日期的书写 2. 邮箱的书写,四、便条与备忘录（Note & Memo） 1）便条：教材下册第四课 （略）请假条与电话摘录 2）备忘录(精讲精练P33) 作为一种非正式的公文，备忘录是在本单位的内部为了联系工作，分管某项工作的有关人员或下级部门至上级部门所使用的一种简短书面交流形式。备忘录的主要目的是针对某一事情提醒、督促、通告本单位内部的相关人员。 格式：见精讲精练P33,范文 说明：请以总经理秘书的名义给总经理写一份电话备忘录。 收阅人：总经理Mark 发文人：总经理秘书Jennifer 日期：2011年2月1日 主题：会议预约 内容：美国国际贸易公司销售经理Bill Smith将于近期来南京，希望和Mark总经理： 1）预约会面的时间和地点； 2）签订上次谈论的有关南京云锦的贸易合同； 3）希望进一步加强合作。 Words for reference : 南京云锦 Nanjing brocade 美国国际贸易公司 America International Trading Company MEMO To: Mark, General Manager From: Jennifer, Secretary Date: Feb. 1, 2011 Subject: Making an Appointment Mr. Bill Smith, Sales Manager of America International Trade Company, will come to Nanjing for a business trip recently. He hopes to see you and would like to know when and where you could meet each other. He will sign up the trading contract for Nanjing Brocade discussed with us before. And he also hopes to further strengthen our cooperation.,五、个人简历（Resume）（精讲精练P27） 注意事项： 1. 教育背景（Education）&主修课程 (Main Courses) 2. 经验（ Work Experience） 3. 技能（Skills） 4. 所获奖项（ Award） 六、传真（Fax） (精讲精练P32),
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