2017年全国职称英语考试 理工B真题解析及答案 标准版

2014年全国职称英语考试 理工B真题解析及答案 标准版第1部分：词汇选项(第11 5题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. After wards there was just a feeling of let-down.A. excitement B. anger C. Calm D. disappointment2. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.A. copy B. furnish C. publish D. summarize3. The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.A. hidden B. inflexible C. traditional D. official4. He led a very moral life.A. honourable B. human C. intelligent D. natural5. The majority of people around here are decent.A. real B. honest C. normal D. wealthy6. His knowledge of French is fair.A. very useful B. very limited C. quite good D. rather special7. The group does not advocate the use of violence.A. limit B. regulate C. support D. oppose8. The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.A. pains B. parts C. aspects D. results9. It was a magic night until the spell was broken.A. time B. charm C. space D. opportunity10. They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.A. prove B. discover C. consider D. imagine11. Several windows had been smashed.A. cleaned B. replaced C. broken D. fixed12. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.A. homework B. act C. justice D. model13. London quickly became a flourishing port.A. major B. large C. successful D. commercial14. His professional career spanned 16 years.A. started B. changed C. moved D. lasted15. His stomach felt hollow with fear.A. empty B. sincere C. respectful D. terrible答案：DBBAB CCABB CBCDA第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题l分，共7分） 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。参考：CABABAC第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第2330题，每题1分，共8分) 下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。23. Paragraph 2 _B_24. Paragraph 3 _C_25. Paragraph 4 _D_26. Paragraph 5 _F_A. Rising of sea levelsB. Impact of burning fossil fuelsC. Fast feedbacksD. Slow feedbacksE. Unpredictability of feedback processesF.A prediction of future climate change27. Arctic ice has never been melting so fast in _D_.28. Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to reach _A_.29. Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing _E_.30. After fossil fuels are used up, global warming will continue for _B_.A. the exposed groundB. a very long timeC. the extra heatD. recorded historyE. previously published studiesF. rapid exaggeration of impacts第4部分：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇 Eye-tracker Lots You Drag and Drop Files with a Glance Bored of using a mouse? Soon youll be able to change stuff on your computer screen and then move it directly onto your smartphone or tablet(平板电脑) with nothing more than a glance. A system called EyeDrop uses a head-mounted （第一题）eye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so it knows where you are looking on the screen. Gazing at an object a photo, say and then pressing a key, selects that object. It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smartphone just by glancing at the second device, as long as the two are connected wirelessly. The beauty of using gaze to support this is that our eyes naturally focus on content that we want to acquire, says Jayson Turner, who developed the system with colleagues at Lancaster University, UK. Turner believes EyeDrop would be useful to transfer an interactive map or contact information from a public display to your smartphone or for sharing photos. （第二题） A button needs to be used to select the object you are looking at otherwise you end up with the Midas touch(点石成金) effect, whereby everything you look at gets selected by your gaze, says Turner. Imagine if your mouse clicked on everything it pointed at, he says. Christian Holz, a researcher in human-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale, California, says the system is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of using gaze-tracking to interact. （第三题）EyeDrop solves this in a slick (灵巧的)way by combining it with input on the touch devices we carry with us most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutching mechanism, he says. This now allows users to seamlessly(无缝地) interact across devices far and close in a very natural manner. While current eye-trackers are rather bulky, mainstream consumer devices are not too far away. Swedish firm Tobii is developing gaze-tracking technology that can be installed in laptops and tablets and is expected to be available to buy next year. And the Google Glass headset is expected to include eye-tracking in the future. （第五题）Turner says he has also looked at how content can be cut and pasted or drag-and-dropped using a mix of gaze and taps on a touch screen. The system was presented at the Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia in Sweden, last week.31. The eye-tracker technology enables us to_ D A. change our computer screen. B. focus on anything that interests us. C. get a smartphone connected wirelessly. D. move an object from screen with a glance.32. Why is a button needed? D A. To minimize the cost of EyeDrop. B. To choose as many objects as possible. C. To make EyeDrop different from others. D. To select what we want.33. The word “this” in Paragraph 6 refers to_ C A. application of gaze-tracking in human-computer interaction. B. interaction between human and computer. C. combination of gaze-tracking with input on touch devices. D. generalization of EyeDrop system.34. Which of the following statement is true of eye-trackers for consumer devices. D A. They are costly. B. They are available. C. They are installed in Google Glass headset. D. They are expected to come out soon.35. What is Turner likely to study next? C A. How to drag and drop with gaze and taps. B. How to present the system in public. C. How to get touch screen involved. D. How to cut and paste content from a public display.第二篇 The Mir Space Station （第一题）The Russian Mir Space Station, which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years of pioneering the concept of long-term human space flight, is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space flight history. It can be credited with many firsts in space. The Soviet Union launched Mir, which was designed to last from three to five years, on February 20, 1986, and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and seven months, most of whom were not Russian. In fact, it became the first international space station by playing host to1 62 people from 11 countries. From 1995 through 1998, seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each2. They were among the 37 Americans who visited the station during nine stopovers by space shuttles. The more than 400 million the United States provided Russian for the visits not only kept Mir operating, but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations. A debate continues over Mirs contributions to science. During its existence, Mir was the laboratory for 23,000 experiments and earned scientific equipment, estimated to be worth $80 million, from many nations.3 Experiments on Mir arc credited with a range of findings, from the first solid measurement of the ration of heavy helium atoms in space to how to grow wheat in space. But for those favouring human space exploration, Mir showed that people could live and work in space long enough for a trip to Mars. （第二题）he longest single stay in space is the 437.7 days that Russian astronaut Valery Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995. And Sergie Avdeyev accumulated 747.6 days in space in three trips to the space station. The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid4, who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996. Despite the many firsts（第三题） Mir accomplished, 1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir, In 1997, an oxygen generator caught fire. Later, the main computer system broke down, causing the station to drift several times and there were power failures. Most of these problems were repaired, with American help and suppliers, but Mirs reputation as a space station was ruined. Mirs setbacks arc nothing, though5, when we compare them with its accomplishments. Mir was a tremendous success, which will be remembered as a milestone in space exploration and the space station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible. （第四题）But its time to move on to the next generation. The International Space Station being built will be better, but it owes a great debt to Mir.36. We can learn from the passage that the Mir Space Station （D）A. was designed to last over 5 years.B. played host to 7 astronauts from different countries.C. was visited only by Americans.D. was built by Russians.37. One of the contributions Mir makes to science is that, it （C）A. help astronauts get close to Mars.B. enables scientists to develop new scientific equipment.C. sets a record of the longest single human stay in space.D. shows that multinational operations in space are less expensive.38. What happened to Mir in 1997? （D）A. it ran out its fund.B. it was completely damaged by fire.C. its reputation was ruined due to power failures.D. its main computer system broke out.39. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that （D）A. space exploration will not experience setbacks.B. it is difficult for other space stations exceed Mirs success.C. Mir is the best long-term human habitation in space in history.D. multinational space operation are getting more accomplishments.40. What is the authors attitude toward Mir? （C）A. indifferent. B. ironic. C. favorable. D. negative第三篇 Approaches to Understanding Intelligences It bays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way .You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different. Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities .Psychologists have two different views on intelligence .Some believe there is one general intelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligences . Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests .These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words, numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests .Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests. Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for（第二题） general intelligence .The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving .The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain . Howard （第三题）Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children .He believes that all children are different and shouldnt be tested by one intelligence test .Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he doesnt think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling .He think that the human mind has different intelligences .These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life .Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences .（第四题）Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences . （第五题）Gardner says that his theory is based on biology .For example ,when one part of the Brain is injured ,other parts of the brain still work .People who cannot talk because of Brain damage can still sing .So ,there is not just one intelligence to lose .Gardner has Identified 8 different kinds of intelligence; linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, Interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),and naturalistic .41. What is the main idea of this passage? （A） A. How to understand intelligence. B. The importance of intelligence. C. The development of intelligence tests. D. How to become intelligent.42. Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence? （B） A. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests. B. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests. C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests. D. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests.43. Gardner believes that _.A A. children have different intelligences. B. all children are alike. C. children should take one intelligence test. D. there is no general intelligence.44. According to Gardner, schools should _.D A. test students IQs. B. train students who do poorly on tests. C. focus on finding the most intelligent students. D. promote development of all intelligences.45. Gardner thinks that his theory has a _ .B A. musical foundation. B. biological foundation. C. intrapersonal foundation. D. linguistic foundation.第5部分：补全短文(第4650题，每题2分，共10分) 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。The Day a Language DiedWhen Carios Westez died at the age of 76, a language died, too. Westez, more commonly known as Red Thunder Cloud, was the last speaker of the Native American language Catawba. Anyone who wants to hear the songs of the Catawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., where, back in the 1940s, Red Thunder Cloud recorded a series of songs for future generations.（ 46 A ）They are all that is left of the Catawba language. The language that people used to speak is gone forever.We are all aware of the danger that modern industry can cause the worlds ecology（生态）.However, few people are aware of the impact widely spoken languages have on other languages and ways of life. English has spread all over the world. Chinese, Spanish, Russian, and Hindi have become powerful languages as well. As these languages become more powerful, their use as tools of business and culture increases. As well,（ 47 F ）When this happens, hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few die out.Scholars believe there are around 6,000 languages around the world, but more than half of them could die out within the next 100 years. There are many examples, Araki is a native language of the island of Vanuatu, located in the Pacific Ocean. It is spoken by only a few older adults，so like Catawba，Araki will soon disappear. Many languages of ethiopia will have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers. （ 48 B ）In the Americas, 100 languages, each of which has fewer than 300 speakers, are dying out.Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize the danger of language death and to try to do something about it. He was not actually born into the Catawba tribe, and the language was not his mother tongue.（ 49 C ）. The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Institution helped to make Native American music popular. Now he is gone, and the language is dead.What does it mean for the rest of us when a language disappears? When a plant insect or animal species dies, it is easy to understand what has been lost and to for the balance of the natural word. However, language is only a product of the mind. To be the last remaining speaker of a language，like Red Thunder，must be a peculiarly lonely destiny, almost as strange and terrible as being the last surviving member of a dying species. （ 50 E ）A .Some people might want to learn some of these songs by hearts.B .Papus New Guines is an extremely rich source of different language，but more than 100 of them are in danger of extinction（灭绝）.C .However，he was a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carcinoma where he learned the language.D .There languages dont have many native speakers.E .For the rest of us, when a language dies, we lose the possibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world.F .As these languages become more powerful, their use as tools of business and culture increase.第6部分：完型填空(第5165题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。Underground Coal FiresCoal burning deep underground in China， India and Indonesia is threatening the environment and human life, scientists have warned. These large-scale A underground blazes cause the ground temperature to heat up and kill surrounding vegetation, produce greenhouse gases and can Ceven ignite forest fires, a panel of scientists told the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Denver. The resulting C release of poisonous elements like arsenic and mercury can also pollute local water sources and soils, they warned.“Coal fires are a global catastrophe,” said Associate Professor Glenn Stracher of East Georgia College in Swainsboro , USA. But Bsurprisingly few people know about them.Coal can heat up on its own, and eventually catch fire and burn, if there is a continuous oxygen supply. The heat produced is not caused to A disappear and under the right combinations of sunlight and oxygen, can trigger spontaneous catching fire and burning. This can occur underground, in coal stockpiles, abandoned mines or even as coal is transported. C Such fires in China consume up to 200 million tones of coal per year, delegates were told. InC comparison, the U. S. economy consumes about one billion tones of coal annually, said Stracher, D whose analysis of the likely impact of coal fires has been accepted for publication in the International journal of Coal Ecology. C Once underway, coal fires can burn for decades, even centuries. In the process, they release large C volumes of greenhouse gases, poisonous fumes and black particles into the atmosphere.The members of the panel discussed the A impact these fires may be having on global and regional climate change, and agreed that the underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to D detect.Ultimately, the remote sensing and other techniques should allow scientists to B estimate how much carbon dioxide these fires are emitting. One suggested D method of containing the fires was presented by Gary Colaizzi, of the engineering firm Goodson, which has developed a heat-resistant grout (a thin mortar used to fill cracks and crevices) , which is designed to be pumped into the coal fire to B cut off the oxygen supply.答案：ACCBA CCDCC ADBDB