句型结构和句子种类

句型结构和句子种类,句型结构和句子种类,根据使用目的：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句,根据结构：简单句、并列句和复合句,The Five Simple Sentence Structures,陈述句,1. S+V,2. S+V+O,3. S+V+O1+O2,4. S+V+O+Oc,5. S+V+P,1. S+V,主语+谓语,e.g. 1. I came at 7:30 a.m.,2. He left early in the morning.,2. S+V+O,主语+谓语+宾语,e.g. 1. I am learning English now,2. Do you like reading?,3. He decided to go with us.,4. You said you were born in Shanghai.,3. S+V+O1+O2,主语+谓语+双宾语,e.g. 1. Ill show you my new CD.,2. (you) Tell me the truth,3. Mom bought me a bag.,4. Can you do me a favor ?,4. S+V+O+Oc,主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语,e.g. 1. I saw him come in.,2. She asked me to come.,3. What brought you here ?,4. We call him Jim.,5. S+V+P,主语+系动词+表语,e.g. 1. I am feeling terrible.,2. Are you a college boy?,3. It sounds interesting.,4. He was not home yesterday.,Tell the Structure of Each of the Following Sentences: 指出以下各句的句型：,1. Where are you from?,2. Who did that?,3. Let him in, please.,4. Father made me lots of toys.,5. She made me very angry.,6. He promised to come for the party.,7. George W. Bush was made president not long ago.,8. -Do you mind if I smoke? -Do you care if I die?,9. Do you mind me smoking? Do you mind my smoking?,10. You look well today.,祈使句的否定： 句首加dont Dont be late again. 2. Have 的否定： 表示有： dont have/havent; 作为完成式里的助动词： havent 3. 否定转移：think/suppose/imagine/believe/expect/guess 等动词所接的宾语从句中，从句中谓语动词的否定应前移到这些动词之前I dont believe what he said is true.,否定式陈述句,4. Be no 在带引导词there的句子中表示“不可能 无法” Theres no knowing what may happen. Theres no denying/ doubt that 5. None作副词时，常与the 加比较级连用，或与too, so 连用，表示“一点也不” He is none the better for our help. I am none so fond of watching TV.,否定式陈述句,6. 部分否定与全部否定 在英语中，把表示整体概念的不定代词all /both /every /everybody /everything /everywhere, 副词always 与否定副词not 搭配时表示的是部分否定。而用no/ neither/ none/ nobody/ nothing/ never等词表示全部否定。 Not all the students handed in their papers. None of the students handed in their papers. Not both of them/ Neither of them want to go.,否定式陈述句,7. 双重否定 在一个单句或从句中有两个否定的词语称为双重否定。表达肯定意义，起到加强语气的作用。 Impossible is nothing. We can not sit by and do nothing. There is no one but has a few faults.,否定式陈述句,8.具有否定意义的肯定结构 She missed my point. One year the rains failed to come. Such a problem is above/beyond me. It is anything but bad. It is far from satisfactory.,否定式陈述句,一般疑问句：Arent you free tonight? Yes, I am. (不， 我有空。) No, I am not. (是的， 我没有空。) 特殊疑问句:wh- +do you think (believe/imagine/suppose) + 其它部分 Who do you think come to see me? 选择疑问句：Which subject do you like best, maths or English? 反意疑问句：The twins cant swim, can they?,疑问句,反意疑问句 (1) 构成 A. to be He isnt here, is he? They were at the match, werent they? B. to have/has You have a son, havent you? You have a son, dont you? He often has colds, doesnt he?,C. 情态动词 You cant read this, can you? She should have a rest, shouldnt she? He must be waiting for us, isnt he? D. 助动词 Youll be here, wont you? She has finished her work, hasnt she? You didnt order the cheese, did you?,E. 实意动词(简略疑问句由助动词构成) She gets up early in the morning, doesnt she? We need some salad, dont we? They went to Beijing last year, didnt they? F.特殊情况 Lets go to the cinema, shall we? Let us know whats happened, will you? 祈使句的反意疑问句用will you, could you, can you , cant you 表示告诉人们该做什么； 用wont you 表示邀请。 have a dinner with us, wont you?,F.特殊情况 当称述句的主语为nobody/none/no one/ anybody/everybody/everyone等表示不定代词或指人的all/ these/those, 反意疑问句常用they 做主语。 None of his friends are interested, are they? Everyone knows the answer, dont they? * None of his friends is interested, is he? 当称述句的主语为nothing/anything/everything等表示不定代词或非指人的all/ this/that, 反意疑问句常用it做主语。 Everything is all right, isnt it?,F.特殊情况 当称述句的主语为this/ that 其反意部分用it；如果是these, those 其反意部分用they. This remains a question, doesnt it? Those who break the law deserve punishing, dont they? 当陈述部分是there be 句型， 反意部分仍用there be。 There is nothing wrong with the clock, is there?,F.特殊情况 I dont think he can finish the work, can he? 称述部分是复合句时，反意疑问句的主语与主句保持一致，但当称述句是第一人称I (think/consider/suppose/believe/ imagine)等接的宾语从句时，反意疑问句的主语应与从句保持一致。 He was not in when I rang you up, was he? 陈述部分是并列句，反意疑问句通常与最临近的分句保持一致。 He is a teacher, but his wife is an engineer, isnt she?,F.特殊情况 He has few good reasons for staying, has he? 若陈述部分中含有no, none, neither, nobody, nothing, few, little, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom等表示否定的词， 该部分被视为否定，反意疑问句应为肯定句。 He dislike candy, doesnt he? 若陈述部分的否定词带有否定前缀，该陈述句部分做肯定句处理，反意疑问句仍用否定式。,F.特殊情况 称述句部分为不定式、动名词或句子，反意疑问句一律用it 做主语。 What he lacks is courage, isnt it? To get rid of a bad habit is not easy, isnt it Im the next, arent I? He used to get up early, didnt he/ usednt he? I wish to go home now, may I？ He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he/ shouldnt he?,F.特殊情况 Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you? Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you? What colours, arent they? Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? neither nor, either or 连接并列主语时，反意部分根据实际逻辑意义而定。,练习 There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, _? wasnt there B. was there C didnt it D. did it Mrs. Black doesnt believe her son is able to design a digital camera, _? (SH02) is he B. isnt he C. doesnt she D. does she Bills aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, _? (SH04) A. isnt it B. is it C. isnt he D. is he,练习 There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, _?(SH04S) didnt they B. dont they C mustnt they D. havent they I dont suppose anyone will volunteer, _? (SH01) do I B. dont I C. will they D. wont he You had one of your teeth pulled out yesterday, _? (SH00S) A. had you B. hadnt you C. did you D. didnt you,练习 - It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night. -My God! _.(SH99) So did I B. So I did C So were you D. So did you Tommy caught the school bus, _. (SH98) A. and Jane did neither B. but so did Jane C. and Jane didnt either D. but Jane didnt If I know the answer, I wouldnt be asking, _? (SH96) A. didnt I B. did I C. would I D. wouldnt I,感叹句,表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情或情绪的句子称为感叹句，常用what和how 来引导。What 用来修饰名词或名词短语；how 则用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。,感叹句 what,What + a/an + adj. + n. (single) +S +V What a tall building (it is)! 2. What + adj. + n. (pl.) +S +V What interesting stories (they are)! 3. What + adj. + n. (U) +S +V What good advice he gave us!,感叹句 how,How + adj. +S +V How diligent the student is! 2. How + adj. +S +V How fast he runs! 3. How 修饰动词，该结构中省略了副词。How time flies!How they worked! 2. How + much/many +n. + S +VHow many letters he has received.,