中考英语复习重点知识小结

定语从句中：只用that而不用which的五种情况引导定语从句的关系代词有：that（指人或物），which（指物），who (指人）。指人时可用that或who ；指物时可用that 或which ；但有时只能用that，不能用which。常见的情况有下列五种：1） 当先行词是：all , any , anything , everything , nothing the one, much, few, little或被它们修饰时。例如：Is there anything that I can do for you ? 有什么可以为你做的吗？All that can be done must be done .凡是能做的都必须做。2）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop .那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。The first thing that we should do is to get some food .我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。3）当先行词有：the only , the very , the same , the last 等修饰时。例如：My necklace is not the only thing thats missing .我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。4）当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词用that ,不用which 或 who 。以避免重复。例如：Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat ?正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？5）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that 。例如：The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known .你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。中考英语语法介词考点【介词命题趋势】1、表示时间的介词2、表示方位和运动方向的介词3、常用介词用法辨析4、介词与其它词类的搭配1）形容词与介词的搭配2）动词与介词的搭配3）名词与介词的搭配一、考查简单介词的用法【考例】-When did Hong Kong return to our motherland?一_July 1st，1997福州市A On B In C At D For A本题的四个选项都可以放在表示时间的单词(组)前面，in，on，at往往在时间点的前面，for往往引导一个时间段。1997年7月1日是一个具体的时间，在具体到某一天，用介词on。Id like a cup of coffee _some sugar and milk. 广东省A. in B. to C. of D. withDA选项介词in，表示“在里面”；B选项介词to表方向，意为“到，向”；C项of表“所属关系”，意为“的”；D项介词with作“带有；用_力口”等讲。由句意“我想要一杯加糖和牛奶的咖啡。”可知，选项D正确。-Oh, so many people in the amusement park!- Nobody likes to stay at home _ Sunday morning. 太原市A. in B. on C. atB此题考查介词的用法。三个选择都可以用来表示时间，at多用于具体时间点前，在上、下午及晚上常用介词in，但具体到某一天的上、下午要用介词on。二、考查介词之间的辨析【考例】The moon light is coming in _ the window and the room seems quiet and beautiful. 成都市A, across B. through C. overB across表示横过，从一边到另一边，through从内部穿过，over表示从物体表面通过。“月光透过窗子射进来”故不能选A。Be careful when you come _ the street, because the traffic is very busy at the moment. （年山东济宁） A. across B. behind C. between D. over 【剖析】 答案为A。本题考察方位介词的用法。“过马路”一般为表面横穿，因此要用across。-Look, a blind man is in the middle of the street, Its too dangerous.-Lets go and help him _the road. 河南省A. through B. along C. across D. overC横穿马路要用across表示“从一边到另一边”而不用through，through用于穿过森林等。三、考查成语介词与介词固定搭配【考例】You must always be careful _ electricityIts dangerous沈阳市A to B at C for DwithDbe careful with(ofabout)对注意(警惕)，句意为“你必须时刻注意用电，那很危险。”Boys and girls, wish you to do well in the English exam _ a light heart. Good luck to every-one! 哈尔滨市A. on B. with C. withoutB考查介词用法。with a light heart以一种轻松的心态(with表伴随)。with是中考的重要考点，有如下几种用法：有，带着表方式或工具，write with a pen用钢笔书写表伴随a house with a big garden带有大花园的房子。Mary bought a house _a small garden. She will move in next week. 昆明市A. from B. with C. for D. ofB本题由句意人手破解，玛丽买了一处“带有”花园的房子，这儿可用介词with，意为“具有；带有”，所以B项正确。一I hear you have got a ticket _the 0pening Ceremony of the Beijing Olympics一YesI got it _my uncle黄冈市A of；from B toby C to；from Dfor；toC考查介词的用法。本题易错选项为A的答案钥匙票，都要用to，而不能用of。故不能选A。It was a great day but We did not enjoy it_ the beginning苏州Aon Bfor Cwith Dat答案：D解析：此处考查固定短语“在开始时”，用介词at，故选D。It is important _us students to make a plan _our studies before a new term starts连云港)Afor；for Bof：for Cto；of Dwith：on答案：A解析：此题考查介词for的用法，第一空It is important for sbto do sth；第二空for our studies为我们的学习，表目的。Its necessary for us to take one hours exercise every day. I agree _you. 吉林省A. at B. to C. on D. withD agree with sb同意某人的观点。注意agree with与agree to的区别。agree with +sb“同意某人的观点”；agree to+动词原形“同意干某事”。一How are you going to the Summer Palace?一Were going there _bike北京市A for B at C of Dby D考查短语by bike骑自行车”。要注意区分：take a bike to+某地一go to+某地+by bike。 连云港This _woman has devoted all her life_ caring for the poorAmodest；with Bkind; to Cselfish；for Dunfair；at答案：B解析：第一空意为“这位善良的妇女”，故选kind，第二空，devoteto指献身于，to后跟动名词或名词，故本题选B。【语法回顾】1. 介词的功能介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如：The boy over there is Johns brother. 在那儿的那个男孩是约翰的弟弟。(定语)The girl will be back in two hours. 这位姑娘过两个小时回来。 (状语)Our English teacher is from Australia.我们的英语老师来自澳大利亚。 (表语)Help yourself to some fish. 请吃些鱼。 (宾语补足语)2. 常用介词的用法辨析（1）表时间的介词1）at, in on表示时间点用at。例如：at six oclock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。例如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。2）since, after由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：I havent heard from him since last summer.自从去年夏天，我再也没有收到他的信。After five days the boy came back.五天后，这男孩返回来。3）in, afterin与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：He will be back in two months.他在两个月后回来。He will arrive after four oclock四点钟后，他到达。He returned after a month.一个月后，他回来了。（2）表示地点的介词at, in, onat一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.他昨他天到达上海。They arrived at a small village before dark.他们在天黑前到达一个小村庄。There is a big hole in the wall.墙上有一个大洞。The teacher put up a picture on the wall.老师把一幅画挂在墙上。over, above, onover, on和above都可表示“在上面”，但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：There is a bridge over the river.河上有一架桥。We flew above the clouds.我们飞越云层。They put some flowers on the teachers desk.他们把一些花放在讲桌上。across, throughacross和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Throgh的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如：The dog ran across the grass.狗跑过草地。The boy swam across the river.那男孩游过河。They walked through the forest.他们穿过森林。4) in front of, in the front ofin front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；in the front of 表示“在的前部”，在某个范围以内。例如：There are some tall trees in front of the building.在大楼前有一些高树。The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.老师坐在教室前面3. 介词的固定搭配 介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。（1）介词与动词的搭配listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spendon, 等。（2）介词与名词的搭配on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on ones way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。（3）介词与形容词的搭配be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。【语法过关】1.China lies_ the east of Asia and_ the north of Australia, A. to; to B. in; to C to; in D. in; on 2.His son suddenly returned_ a cold rainy night. A. on B. at C. in D. for 3.Timmy goes to school _ every day . Its 5 minutes walk from his home to school. A. in a bus B. by plane C. on foot D. by boat 4. Last month , students had to have their lessons by Internet _ because of SARS. A. on the playground B. at home C. in the street D. near the hospital 5.Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures _ a camera. A.as B. for C. like D. of6. Some shops open_ 10:00 a. m. and 3 : 30 p. m, during the Spring Festival holidays. A. at B. between C. from D. about 7. - How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt? - Im going there _ my car. A. by B. in C. to D. on 8Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain _an inch. A. by B. at C. to D. from9The home improvements have taken what little there is _my spare time. A. from B. in C. of D. at10They had a pleasant chat _a cup of coffee.(北京)A. for B. with C. duringD. over【参考答案】1.B 表示在一个大的范围内用in，范围之外用to。 2.A 具体到某一天的时间用on。3.C 5 minutes walk决定去学校的方式是on foot。 4.B 语境中by Internet和 because of SARS决定了have their lessons - at home 。5.C like在这里意思是像-。 6. B between 后接两个并列的成分，意思是在两者之间。 7. B in my car = by car。8 A。与数量连用可表示尺寸、距离等。依句意：幸运的是，子弹在距离上尉一英寸的地方与他擦肩而过，没有射中他。故应选A。9 C。what引导的从句作谓语have taken的宾语，而从句中的基本结构为 “there is little of”, 表示“有很少”what 修饰little提到了从句句首。正确答案为C。10D用作介词表示时间时，可作“在（做）时（while doing, eating, etc）”。故正确答案为。其句意为：他们在喝咖啡时进行了一次愉快的谈话。知识点3、4：形容词 副词1. 形容词的位置：1) 形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置：1修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时nobody absent, everything possible2以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后 ，修饰副词enough 时放后面。big enough the best book available, the only solution possible3alive, alike, awake, asleep等可以后置the only person awake4形容词短语一般后置，后置定语，可以转成定语从句。a man difficult to get on with2) 复合形容词的构成：1形容词+名词+edkind-hearted6名词+形容词world-famous2形容词+形容词dark-blue7名词+现在分词peace-loving3形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking8名词+过去分词snow-covered4副词+现在分词hard-working9数词+名词+edthree-egged5副词+过去分词newly-built10数词+名词twenty-yearII. 副词的分类：1时间副词soon, now, early, finally, once, recently5频度副词always, often, frequently, seldom, never2地点副词here, nearby, outside, upstairs, above6疑问副词how, where, when, why3方式副词hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really7连接副词how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile4程度副词almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather8关系副词when, where, whyIII. 形容词和副词比较等级：动词后多用副词修饰，但如果是系动词或是感官动词，用形容词修饰，有练习。形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音和一些双音节词前加more 和most。不规则要记住 多、少、好、坏、远 五个。1. 同级比较时常常用 asas以及not so(as)as如：I am not so good a player as you are.2. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, 3. 表示一方随另一方变化时用“the morethe more”句型。如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.4. 用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如：I have never spent a more worrying day.5. 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours/Our school is four times the size of yours. 6. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。九年级英语unit1-12复习提纲九年级Unit 1 Language goal：Talk about how to study.I、重点词汇：四会词（补充）：1.pronouncepronunciation 3. slowlyslow 5.easyeasily 4. softhard 6.learnlearner 2. differentlydifferentdifference II、重点短语： 1.lisen to tapes 听录音 2. ask the teacher for help 向老师请求帮助3. read aloud 朗读 4. speaking skills 口头表达能力5.spoken English 英语口语6. end up 结束7.later on 以后，随后 8. make mistakes 犯错，出错9.laugh at 嘲笑，取笑10.take notes 做笔记，做记录11.look up （词典、参考书）查阅，查找12. make up 编造，组成13.deal / do with 处理，应付14.be angry with 生的气15.go by （指时间）过去，消逝16.try ones best to do sth.尽力做17.break off 突然中止，中断18. with the help of 在的帮助下19.regardas 把当做20.be afraid of doing / to do sth害怕做某事21. first of all 首先，开始 22. have trouble / a difficult / hard time doing sth. 做某事有困难 III、重点句型：1.Its too hard to understand the voices. 理解那些话有困难。2. How do you study for a test? 你怎么为考试而学习的？I study by listening to tapes. 我通过听磁带学习。3. Studying grammar is a great way to learn a language.学语法是学习语言的一个好办法。4.I was afraid to speak in class. 我害怕在课堂上说话。5. If you dont know how to spell new words, look them up in a dictionary.如果你不知道怎么拼单词，可以查词典。6.Its our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge in our education with the help of our teachers.在老师的帮助下，尽我们最大努力对待教育中的每一个挑战是我们的责任。7.I dont have a partner to practice English with.我没有可以一起练习英语的伙伴。IV、语法：1、复习一般现在时；2、by的用法：（1）prep. 在旁；靠近 near to; beside Our teacher was sitting by the window. 我们的老师正坐在窗户旁边。 We spent our holiday by the sea. 我们在海边度假。 （2）prep. / adv. 经过 past He walked by me without speaking. He walked by without a word. （3）prep. 用；靠；通过表示方法、手段或所用的工具，后面可以接动名词作宾语。如： He makes a living by collecting waste paper.（4）prep. “不迟于”，也可用来引导时间状语，意为“到时候为止”“在时候之前”，句中谓语动词用完成时态。如引导的是过去时间状语，谓语动词用过去完成时。I shall be back by 5 oclock. How many English parties had you had by the end of last term? 介词 prep. 通过；沿着 through; along; over We came through the fields, not by the road. 我们是穿过田野而不是沿那条路来的。 （5）prep.“被；由”常用于被动语态 This bridge was built by the soldiers. （6）prep. （指交通等）乘；用 The man came by bus.【拓展】by accident = by chance偶然地 by oneself 单独，独立地 by the way 顺便说 learn.by heart 记熟 by turns 轮流 by then 到那时 one by one一个一个地 little by little一点一点地by mistake 由于疏忽，错误地 side by side 肩并肩 【辨析】 by；with；in by通常表示方法或手段，也可以接动名词表示某种手段；with表示使用具体的工具；in表示所用的原料、材料或途径。V、书面表达：学会谈论学习方法，并随时为他人提供帮助。（P4 3a，p6 3a）范文：英语聚会上，同学们让你介绍一下你学好英语的方法，请你以“How to learn English well”为题，写一篇80词左右的演讲稿。Good evening, friends! Very glad to talk with you about my ways of learning English well. I would like to share some of my ideas with you.I think practicing listening and speaking are two of the best ways of improving your English. So I try my best to listen to tapes every day. It has already become a good habit of mine. It really helps me a lot. Having a conversation with my classmates in English as often as possible is another way I use. Never feel shy if you want to improve your speaking skills. Trying to think in English isnt a bad idea, either. I always think about what to do or how to do things in English. Thanks for listening.九年级英语第复习提纲九年级Unit 2 & Unit 12 Language goal: Talk about what you used to be like. Tell what you are supposed to do.I、重点词汇：四会词（补充）：1. diedeaddeath 2. onoff 3. fullfill 4. knifeknives II、重点短语: 1. used to do 过去常常做2. go to sleep 入睡3. be terrified of 非常害怕的，极度恐惧的4. in the end 最后，终于5. make a decision 做决定，下决心6. to ones surprise 令某人惊奇的是7. no longer = notany longer 不再，已不8. take pride in= be proud of对感到自豪9. pay attention to 对注意；留心10. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事11. even though / if 即使，尽管12. go to sleep with my bedroom light on 开着卧室灯睡觉13. all the time 总是，一直14. in the last few years 在过去的几年里15. get into trouble 陷入困境16. in trouble 在困境中17. daily life 日常生活18. leave the school 退学，辍学19.a fifteen-year-old boy一个十五岁的男孩20. for the first time 第一次21. drop by 顺便（或偶然）拜访22. at the table 在桌子旁边 at table 就餐23. point at 指着24. go out of ones way to do特地（不怕麻烦地）做某事25.be / get used to doing sth 习惯做某事26. learnby oneself / teach oneself 自学27. send a message to sb 给发信息28. cant stop doing sth 禁不住做某事29.make faces with sb 向做鬼脸 III、重点句型1. -You used to be short, didnt you? 你以前个矮，不是吗？ - Yes, I did. / No, I didnt. 是的 / 不，不是2. You used to have long hair. 你以前梳长发。3. I go to sleep with my bedroom light on.我开着卧室灯睡觉。4. I used to be on the soccer team. 我以前是足球队的一名成员。5. It seems that he has changed a lot. 他似乎变化很大。6. His mother looked after him as well as she could.他的妈妈尽可能的好好照顾他。7.He was not interested in studying and he often got into trouble with the police.他对学习不感兴趣，常和警察发生冲突。8. In the end, she made a difficult decision. 最后，他艰难地作出决定。9.It is necessary for him to talk with his mother. 他有必要和妈妈谈谈。10. -What are you supposed to do when you meet someone for the first time.你第一次见到某个人应该做什么？ -Youre supposed to shake hands. 应该握手。11. You should have asked what you were supposed to wear.你本该问一问你该穿什么。12. We dont usually have to make plans to meet our friends.我们通常不必做出计划见朋友。（见朋友不必预约）13. We never visit a friends house without calling first.我们从来不在未事先打电话的情况下去见朋友。14. The first thing is to greet the teacher. 第一件事就是向老师问候。15. Its polite to make noise while eating noodles. 吃面条时发出声音是礼貌的。16. It is rude to say youre full. 说你饱了很不礼貌。17.I find it difficult to remember everything. 我发现记住所有的事情很难。18. It is important to use it only at the proper time.只有在恰当的时间运用是重要的。IV、语法1. used to“过去常常”表达过去经常或持续的行为，表示现在不是这样了。在疑问句和否定句中通常与did连用，通常不需要过去的时间状语。注：be used to “习惯于” 后接名词、代词或动名词。2. be supposed to 表示应该，被期望，相当于should。V、书面表达1. 谈论你过去及现在的性格、爱好等的变化如：（1）Ive changed a lot.（2）Are you still afraid of ？（3）My biggest problem （p14）2.描述自己或他人在不同的场合应该做什么。如：(1) What are you supposed to do when you go to a party?(2) What are you supposed to do when you meet for the first time?(3) Talk about different cultures in different countries. （P96， p98）范文：你朋友的姐姐张丽想成为一名英语教师。去年她在一所小学做志愿者，教孩子们唱英语歌、朗读英语故事、组织英语俱乐部等。通过这次志愿者活动，她发现自己的英语口语有了很大的进步，并且性格上也有了变化。请你根据所给情景和提示语，为学校英语俱乐部写一篇稿件，谈谈张丽的经历和变化，以及你对此事的感受。提示词：teach, read, organize an English club, improve, used to, shyZhang Li, a friend of my sisters, wants to be an English teacher when she grows up. Last year she volunteered at a primary school. She taught the kids to sing English songs, read the English books and organized an English club (to hold all kinds of activities). To her joy, she found her spoken English greatly improved. Whats more, she used to be shy and afraid of speaking English in public. But she is quite outgoing and good at making speeches these days.In my opinion, she has found a great way of learning English, that is, by using it and helping others. 九年级英语复习提纲九年级Unit 3 &Unit 9 Language goal: Talk about what you are allowed to do. Agree and disagree. Talk about the history of inventions.I、重点词汇：四会词（补充）：1. sleepsleepyasleep 2. teachtaughttaught 3. importantimportance 4. succeedsuccesssuccessful 5. inventinventorinvention 6. throwthrewthrown 7. tastetasty 8. centurycenturies 9. createcreative 10. belowabove 11. developdevelopingdevelopeddeveloping12.salt-saltyII、重点短语 1. instead of / doing sth 代替，而不是2. stay up 熬夜，不睡觉3. concentrate on 全神贯注，专心于4. at present=at the moment 目前，现在 5. in the way (of) 妨碍（）6. care about 照顾7. be used for doing / to do 用来做 8. by mistake 错误地9. by accident / chance 偶然地，碰巧地10. according to 根据，按照，据所说11. fall into 落入，陷入12. in this way 这样13. in the sixth century 在六世纪14. take an active in 积极参加* in the 1980s 在二十世纪八十年代15. knockinto 敲入里knock at 敲（门、窗）16. get / have sth done 使被做17. be strict with 对要求严格18. learn from 向学习19. the other day 几天前20. have / take off 休息21. worry about 担心22. be serious about 对认真23. travel around / all over China 环游中国24. at / in college 在上大学25. divideinto 把分成26. the number of 的数目a number of 许多的，大量的27. have an opportunity / chance to do / of doing 有做的机会28. in public 当众 III、重点句型1. Students should not be allowed to have part time jobs.应该允许学生们有兼职工作。2. Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced.十六岁的青少年应该被允许扎耳洞。3. They talk instead of doing homework. 他们说话而不是做作业。4. He should stop wearing that silly earring. 他应该停止带那个可笑的耳环。5. He doesnt seem to have many friends. 他似乎没有很多朋友。6. He needs to spend time with friends.他需要和朋友一起度过。7. On Saturday afternoons, Im allowed to go shopping with my friends.周六下午允许我和朋友一起购物。8. Parents should not be too strict with teenagers.父母不应该对青少年太