南京信息工程大学语言学期末试卷

南京信息工程大学试卷20092010 学年 第一学期 英语语言学导论 课程试卷( A卷) 本试卷共 7 页；考试时间 100 分钟；任课教师 张厚振 ；出卷时间 2009 年 12月 英语 系 英语 专业 年级 班 学号 姓名 得分 一、 Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: (每小题 1 分，共 15分)1. Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general.2. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication. 3. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaningful sentences.4. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology. 5. Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only studies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences. 6. The study of meaning in language is known as semantics.7. Modern linguistics is mostly descriptive, but sometimes prescriptive.8. A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time. 9. Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the spoken language. 10. The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure.11.If two phonetically similar sounds occur in the same environments and they distinguish meaning, they are said to be in complementary distribution.12.A phone is a phonetic unit that distinguishes meaning.13. English consonants can be classified in terms of place of articulation and the part of the tongue that is raised the highest. 14.According to the manner of articulation, some of the types into which the consonants can be classified are stops, fricatives, bilabial and alveolar. 15.Vowel sounds can be differentiated by a number of factors: the position of tongue in the mouth, the openness of the mouth, the shape of the lips, and the length of the vowels.二、There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement. (每小题 1 分，共 20 分)1. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be _. A. prescriptiveB. analytic C. descriptive D. linguistic 2.Which of the following is not a design feature of human language? A. Arbitrariness B. Displacement C. Duality D. Meaningfulness 3. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because _. A.in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing B.speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed. C.speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongue D.All of the above 4. A historical study of language is a _ study of language. A. synchronic B. diachronic C. prescriptiveD. comparative 5.Saussure took a (n)_ view of language, while Chomsky looks at language from a _ point of view.A. sociologicalpsychologicalB. psychologicalsociological C. applied pragmatic D. semantic and linguistic 6. According to F. de Saussure, _ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.A. paroleB. performance C. langueD. Language 7Of all the speech organs, the _ is/ are the most flexible. A. mouth B. lips C. tongue D. vocal cords 8The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are _ sounds. A. voicelessB. voiced C. vowelD. consonantal 9_ is a voiced alveolar stop. A. /z/ B. /d/ C. /k/ D. /b/ 10.The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones _. A. identicalB. same C. exactly alike D. similar 11The sound /f/ is _. A. voiced palatal affricate B. voiced alveolar stop C. voiceless velar fricativeD. voiceless labiodental fricative12The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the _ of that phoneme. A. phonesB. sounds C. phonemes D. allophones13.The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” is a(n) _.A. bound morpheme B. bound formC. inflectional morpheme D. free morpheme 14. _ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.A. SyntaxB. Grammar C. MorphologyD. Morpheme15.The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is _.A. lexicalB. morphemic C. grammatical D. semantic 16.Bound morphemes are those that _. A.have to be used independentlyB.can not be combined with other morphemes C.can either be free or bound D.have to be combined with other morphemes. 17._ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word.A. PrefixesB. Suffixes C. Roots D. Affixes 18._ are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of language by the linguists. A. WordsB. Morphemes C. Phonemes D. Sentences 19.“-s” in the word “books” is_. A. a derivative affixB. a stem C. an inflectional affix D. a root 20. The sentence structure is _. A. only linear B. Only hierarchical C. complex D. both linear and hierarchical三. Define the following terms, using example to illustrate : (每小题 3 分，共 15 分)1. Displacement2. Duality3. Minimal pair4. Free morpheme5. IC analysis四. Use tree diagram to analyze the following phrases or sentences. (每小题 5 分，共 30 分)1. The tall student of physics with red hair2. John said Mary left.3. John kissed Mary 4. What will John buy?5. She asked where john will put the book.6. I wonder if John will see Mary next week.五Answer the following questions as comprehensively as possible. Give examplesfor illustration if necessary: (每小题 10 分，共 20 分)1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of IC analysis in the analysis of sentence structures? 2. Saussures distinction between langue and parole seems similar to Chomskys distinction between competence and performance. What do you think are their major differences?南京信息工程大学试卷20092010 学年 第一学期 英语语言学导论 课程试卷( A卷) 本试卷共 7 页；考试时间 100 分钟；任课教师 张厚振 ；出卷时间 2009 年 12月 英语 系 英语 专业 年级 班 学号 姓名 得分 题 号一二三四五六七八九十十一十二总 分得 分阅卷人一、 Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: (每小题 1 分，共 15分)12345678910111212131415二、There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement. (每小题 1 分，共 20 分)1234567891011121314151617181920三. Define the following terms, using example to illustrate : (每小题 3 分，共 15 分)1. . 23.45.四. Use tree diagram to analyze the following phrases or sentences. (每小题 5 分，共 30 分)五Answer the following questions as comprehensively as possible. Give examplesfor illustration if necessary: (每小题 10 分，共 20 分)1.2.南京信息工程大学试卷20092010 学年 第一学期 英语语言学导论 课程试卷( A卷) 参考答案及评分标准一、 Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: (每小题 1 分，共 15分)1. F. 2.T 3.F4.T5.F6.T 7.T 8.F9.F 10.F 11.F 12. F 13.F 14.F 15. T二、There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement. (每小题 1 分，共 20 分)l. C 2.D 3.D 4.B 5.A 6.C 7. C 8.C9.B10.D11.D12.D13.D14.C 15. C 16. D 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. D三. Define the following terms, using example to illustrate : (每小题 3 分，共 15 分) 1Displacement: Displacement means that language can be used to refer to things which are present or not present, real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future, or in far-away places. In other words, language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker 2Duality: The duality nature of language means that language is a system, which consists of two sets of structure, or two levels, one of sounds and the other of meanings. 3minimal pair: When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two words are said to form a minimal pair.4free morpheme: Free morphemes are the morphemes which are independent units of meaning and can be used freely all by themselves or in combination with other morphemes.5IC analysis： Immediate constituents analysis, which means the analysis of a sentence in terms of its immediate constituent- word groups( phrases), which are further analyzed into the constituents of their own, and the process goes on until the ultimate constituents are reached.四. Use tree diagram to analyze the following phrases or sentences. (每小题 5 分，共 30 分)123456五Answer the following questions as comprehensively as possible. Give examplesfor illustration if necessary: (每小题 10 分，共 20 分)1.What are the advantages and disadvantages of IC analysis in the analysis of sentence structures? Advantage: IC analysis can not only reveal a linear order, but also a hierarchical structure that groups words into structural constituents. It can, in addition, show the syntactic category of each structural constituent, thus it is believed to most truthfully illustrate the constituent relationship among linguistic elements. （5分）Disadvantages: 1. constructions with discontinuous constituents pose a problem for IC analysisSuch as sentences with a moving constituent, e.g. a. Is John coming? b. When shall we go to the zoo? 2. Constructions with a gerund e.g. The shooting of the hunters is dangerous. （5分）2.Saussures distinction between langue and parole seems similar to Chomskys distinction between competence and performance. What do you think are their major differences?The distinction between langue, and parole was made by the famous linguist Ferdinand de Saussure early this century. Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use. Langue is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to follow while parole is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules. Langue is abstract; it is not the language people actually use, but parole is concrete; it refers to the naturally occurring language events. Langue is relatively stable; it does not change frequently; while parole varies from person to person, and from situation to situation. (3分) American linguist N. Chomsky in the late 1950s proposed the distinction between competence and performance. Chomsky defines competence as the ideal users knowledge of the rules of his language. This internalized set of rules enables the language user to produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences and recognize sentences that are ungrammatical and ambiguous. According to Chomsky,performance is the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication. Although the speakers knowledge of his mother tongue is perfect, his performances may have mistakes because of social and psychological factors such as stress, embarrassment, etc. Chomsky believes that what linguists should study is the competence, which is systematic, not the performance, which is too haphazard.（3分）Although Saussures distinction and Chomskys are very similar, they differ at least in that Saussure took a sociological view of language and his notion of langue is a mater of social conventions, and Chomsky looks at language from a psychological point of vies and to him, competence is a property of the mind of each individual.（4分）