考点08 倒装句（解析版）

2020年高考英语一轮考点扫描专题08 倒装句一、 【知识精讲】（一）定义：1. 部分倒装：指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。2. 完全倒装：指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。（二）完全倒装1. 介词短语（往往表示地点）放在句首时：Next to it is another restaurant where we can have Chinese food.In front of them stood a great castle, bathed in morning sunshine. On the bed lay a sick old man groaning.2. 方位副词,如east/west, out/in, up/down, here/there, now/then, below/above, away, off,等放在句首时：Down jumped the murderer from the sixth floor. Here comes Mary= Look! Marys coming.Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War. There goes the bell= Look! The bells ringing.Northwest of the mountain are (be) two small villages.3. 表语（常为形容词、分词、such）放在句首时：Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests. Seated on the ground are a group of young men playing music.Such is my friend, a clever and warm-hearted boy.Growing in the schoolyard are different kinds of flowers and grass.= Flowers and grass can be seen here and there in the schoolyard.4. There be 句型中：(该句型的谓语动词除了be之外,还可用 live, happen, exist, remain, stand, lie等) Long, long ago there lived a king who loved horses very much. There happened to be nobody in the bedroom when the fire broke out. 5. 直接引语放在句首时：“ Its worthwhile to visit Monets garden,” thought Xiao Lin. “ Picassos paintings,” said the artist, “are the most beautiful ones I have ever seen.”.注意： 完全倒装需具备2个条件:(1) 主语必须是名词n.； (2) 谓语必须是不及物动词vi 或者系动词link verb。(3）如果主语为人称代词,仍用 陈述句语序,如：Here you are. There it goes! Away it flew. Up it went.（三） 部分倒装1. 否定词或否定短语放在句首（never, little, not, rarely, seldom, hardly, scarcely, neither, nor,）也包括具有否定意义的词组 ( in no way, by no means, under no circumstances, in no case, at no time)。Never have I seen a better film before. In no way can he pass the math exam this time.Not a single word of English does he know. If you dont go, neither/nor will I. 2. No soonerthan及Hardly/rarely/scarcelywhen置句首时： 注意：前半句用过去完成时+倒装, 后半句用过去式,不倒装。(1). He had hardly finished his exercises when the teacher came in.= Hardly had he finished his exercises when the teacher came in. .(2). He had no sooner gone out than it began to rain.= No sooner had he gone out than it began to rain3. Not until置句首时, （主句须倒装,until从句不倒装,即“主倒从不倒”）(1) Not until his mother came back did he go to bed.= He didnt go to bed until his mother came back. (2) Mary didnt leave until John arrived. = Not until John arrived did Mary leave .= It was not until John arrived that Mary left.(“not until”放在强调句型中,前后都是陈述语序,不能用倒装) 4. So/Suchthat置句首, （“如此”部分需倒装, 但that从句部分不倒装）So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape.Such a force of the explosion was it that all the windows were broken. 5. Only +状语（即：only+ adv /介词短语 /状从）置句首时,（主句倒装,only后状语不倒装,即“主倒从不倒”）Only then did I realize the importance of English. Only in this way can you improve your ability.Only when the war was over was he able to get back to work again.注意： 在only状语从句主句结构中,主句用倒装结构,但从句须用陈述语序。 only+主语时,不倒装。如：Only Tom knows the answer. 6. 置句首的Not only+ 分句+ but also+分句中,前倒后不倒。 Not only was everything he had taken away from him but also his German citizenship.当not onlybut also连接主语/宾语时,不倒装。Not only everything he had but also his German citizenship was taken away from him. 7. Neither+ 分句.nor+ 分句置句首时, 前后都需倒装。Neither does Peter want the responsibility, nor does his wife.=Neither Peter nor his wife wants the responsibility.8. So 表示肯定的“也”,置句首。He studies English well. So does she. 比较：He studies English well. So he does. （他确实如此）注意：表示前面的多种情况也适合于另一人或物,或者既有肯定又有否定情况或涉及到不同类型的动词时可用：It is the same with sth /sb. 或 So it is with sth /sb.I like English very much, but I dont like physics. So it is with my brother. Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language. It was the same with Engles.9. 省略if 的虚拟条件从句（had ,were,should开头）Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something. Should any one call, tell him to wait for me here. Were I you, I would accept his help.10. May开头的祝愿句May you be happy ! May you live a long life!11. adj./ adv./ v./ n. +as 引导的让步状语从句 (as相当于though, 但不能用although),用正常语序（主语+谓语）。Child as/though he is , he knows a lot about life. (名词前省略冠词)Hard as he works, he cant pass the test. Try as he may, he will fail again. Smart as he is, he cant figure out the problem.二、 【典例精练】1. Not until recently _they_(encourage) the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.【参考答案】did encourage【解析】考查部分倒装。当not until位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装。句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游有关的活动。2. John opened the door. There _(stand) a girl he had never seen before. 【参考答案】stood【解析】考查完全倒装。当表示地点的副词位于句首时,主句要用完全倒装。句意：约翰打开门。那里站着一个他从未见过的女孩。3. _he_(catch) the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.【参考参考答案】Had caught【参考答案解析】考查部分倒装。主句的谓语动词是would not have been,说明此句表述的事情与过去事实相反,从句可以用if he had caught the morning train； 当if从句中有were, had或者should 时,可以省略if,把were, had或者should放在句首组成倒装结构。句意：如果他赶上了早班火车,开会就不会迟到了。4. Not until two oclock in the morning_the journalist_(free) and sent home together with the taxi-driver.【参考答案】was freed【解析】考查部分倒装。Not until放在句首,主句用部分倒装句。句意：直到早上两点记者才被释放和司机一起被送回家。5. Only if I get a job_I_(have) enough money to support my family.【参考答案】will have【解析】考查部分倒装。only加状语位于句首,主句要部分倒装。句意：只有我找到工作,我才有足够的钱来养家。6. So successful_(be) that Diana was able to set up new branches elsewhere.【参考答案】was【解析】考查部分倒装。使用so+形容词+主谓+that的句型,so+形容词放在句首的时候,后面接部分倒装句,即be动词/情态动词/助动词提到主语前面。句意：Diana的生意是如此成功以致她能够在其他地方建立分部。7. Out _(rush) the children when the fire burst forth.【参考答案】rushed【解析】考查完全倒装。当表示方位或地点的副词或介词短语放于句首时,句子应用完全倒装。句意：火突然发生时,孩子们冲了出来。8. Not only_travel_(give) people relaxation and pleasure, but it can increase their knowledge of any kind.【参考答案】can give【解析】考查部分倒装。not only.but also.表“不但而且”,并列连接两个主谓结构时,第一个主谓结构应用部分倒装,而第二个主谓结构用陈述语序。句意：旅游不仅能使人放松和愉快,而且能增加他们的各种知识。9. _(be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.【参考答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中,be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略,同时把were/should/had提前,即Were /Should/ Had I.。句意：要不是老师们的支持,这个学生是无法克服她自己的困难的。10. Only when Lily walked into the office _she_(realize) that she had left the contract at home. 【参考答案】did realize【解析】考查部分倒装。当only+状语位于句首,引导的时间状语从句,主句要部分倒装。句意：只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候,她才意识到她把合同忘家里了。知识改变命运6