句子成分与基本句型.ppt

语法复习之 句子成分与基本句型,概念：组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。句子的成分：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体；表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语的组成部分；其他成分和状语是句子的次要部分。,主语 主语表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”，通常用名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词，短语或从句担任。主语要放在句首。,谓语 谓语起着说明主语的动作、特征或状态的作用，必须用动词表示。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面要一致，通常在主语之后。谓语通常有三种表现形式。,(1) 动词或动词短语作谓语 He studies hard. He told a lie.,(2) 谓语动词和宾语及宾语补足语作谓语 They are picking apples. He made us laugh heavily.,(3) 连系动词和表语作谓语 He is a worker. It is getting dark. He is feeling well.,表语 用于说明主语的性质、特征、身份或状态，可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词和不定式以及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任，表语要放在连系动词之后。,He is a lawyer.,The girl is only four.,The trouble is that we are short of hands.,The boy is my only son.,宾语 宾语是及物动词所示动作的对象或介词的对象，名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词，短语及从句都可以作宾语。宾语要放在谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。,My father enjoys tea.,They had to sleep in the open air after the fire.,I dont think you are right.,注意： 某些动词之后要求有双宾语.直接宾语是指物，间接宾语指人。这一类动词有，bring , give, pass, tell, hand, show, send, read, leave, teach, find, buy, make, do, get, order, play, sing, pay. 等 She showed me a few magazines. His father bought him a motorbike.,状语 用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中.,She drove fast.,There is a shelter under the post office.,定语 用于修饰名词或代词。可以担任定语的有形容词、代词、名词、数词、名词所有格、副词、不定式、分词和分词短语、介词短语及从句等等。定语的位置很灵活，凡有名词和代词的地方都可以有定语。,Is this your bike?,The man outside the teachers office is his father.,Where are the childrens gifts?,The woman who is singing on the stage is her aunt.,基本句型,Simple sentence 简单句 ( 单一主语+单一谓语+其他成分 ) e.g.: Margie hated school.,2. Compound sentence 并列句 ( and, but, or 等并列连词引导的两个各有主谓的简单句 ) eg: Jerry likes reading and she has read lots of books.,3. Complex sentence 复杂句 ( 含定语从句、名词性从句及状语从句的句子 ) eg: When he entered the room, he saw a man who lay on the floor.,Simple sentence,S + Link. v + P 主语+系动词+表语 常见的系动词有be,become,get,grow,look,turn,feel,taste, smell,seem,remain,sound,keep,fall,appear,go,etc. 2. S + Vt + O 主语+及物动词+宾语,3. S + Vi 主语+不及物动词 4. S + Vt + D.O 主语+及物动词+双宾语 give, show, tell, lend, write, pass, hand, send, bring, return, sing, make, do, buy,etc. 双宾：1） 间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物） 2）直接宾语+for/to+间接宾语,5. S + Vt +O + C 主语+及物动词+宾语 +宾语补足语 make, call, find, think,help, tell, ask, let, see, hear, feel, have, get, keep, etc. 宾语+宾语补足语 形式宾语 it+宾补+真宾语 动词（6）it宾补(adj/n)+真宾语（3）,6. There be / V + S seem, happen, live, stand, come, go, etc.,1,他的话听起来有道理。sound,他是个中学生。他16岁。be,烟越变越浓。grow,斯密斯先生的脸红了。turn,他们在教室里。be,混合物很难尝。taste,那小孩很快睡着了。 fall,肉已经变坏了。go,我们的愿望是学好英语。be,我父亲的工作是教数学。 be,He is a middle school student. He is 16.,The smoke grew thicker and thicker.,Mr Smiths face turned red.,They are in the classroom.,The mixture tastes terrible.,The kid fell asleep soon.,The meat has gone bad.,Our hope is to learn English well.,His fathers job is teaching maths.,His words sound reasonable.,2,小英雄停止了呼吸。,我们爱科学。,他正在学英语。,她喜欢音乐。,王平擅长游泳。,汤姆怕蛇。,我们过着幸福的生活。,他想看那部电影。,We love science.,He is learning English.,She likes music.,Wang Ping is good at swimming.,Tom is afraid of snake.,We are living a happy life.,He wants to see that film.,The little hero stopped his breath.,3,她一言不发就走了。,我不会游泳。,李平正坐在树下。,孩子们在操场上玩。,飞机消失在天空中。,近几年，我国发生了很大的变化。,马丽没回答。,那儿发生了什么事？,I cant swim.,Li Ping is sitting under the tree.,The children are playing on the playground.,The plane disappeared in the sky.,Great changes have taken place in our country recently.,Mary didnt answer.,What happened there?,She left without saying a word.,4,恩格斯给他写了封信表扬他。,请给我一些面包吃。,你能把橡皮借给我吗？,他给富人的孩子上课。,我父亲买了本辞典给我。,他给我看他的通行证。,马丽为我们唱了首歌。,张老师给我们讲了个故事。,Please give me some bread to eat.,Can you lend me your rubber?,He gave lessons to the children of the rich.,My father bought me a dictionary.,He showed me his pass.,Mary sang a song for us.,Mr Zhang told us a story.,Engels wrote him a letter to praise him.,5,我们把每天读英语作为常规。,他叫他儿子擦窗户。,我们必须把教室扫干净。,我见他在树上玩。,我发现窗碎了。,老板让他们整日整夜工作。,我认为学习外语很重要。,He asked his son to clean the windows.,We must make our classroom clean.,I saw him playing in the tree.,I found the window broken.,The boss had them working all day and all night.,We think it important to learn English.,We make it a rule to read English every day.,6,教室里好像有个人。,房子前面有棵树。,铃响了。,希腊有个伟大的思想家。,碰巧家里没人。,学校里有个小小的池塘。,那儿过去有座桥。,There is/stands a tree in front of the house.,There goes the bell.,There was/lived a great thinker in Greece.,There happened to be no person at home.,There is/lies a small pond in the school.,There used to be a bridge.,There seemed to be somebody in the classroom.,