英语阅读理解技巧(事实细节题).ppt

,英语阅读理解技巧(事实细节题) Strategies for Questions of Details in Reading Comprehension,Instructional objectives : 1.Know about the requirements of reading comprehension in the NEMT 2. Learn different question types. 3. Learn the strategies(策略) of details in reading comprehension and thus summarize them. 4. Tell the right answers from distracters(干扰项) Emotional Goals: Enforce your solution ability by practicing more,Requirements of reading comprehension in the NEMT高考大纲之阅读,考察考生阅读理解不同文体语篇的能力，如书、报、杂志、网络中关于一般性话题的文字材料以及公告、说明、广告等（生词量不超过3），并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能： 、理解主旨和要义； 、获取具体信息； 、根据语境猜测词义； 、根据语境推理判断； 、理解作者的意图、观点或态度； 、把握文章的逻辑和结构。,重庆高考细节题近5年概况：,12-16 scores 33%,细节题类型,1 wh细节题,2 是非题,3 排序题,4 图表题,5 计算题,6 其它题,Question types：,Question type 1: Wh-细节题,即以_、_、_、_、_、_、_等疑问词开头提问短文具体内容。,what,who,when,where,how,why,1.概念,which,Step,2 Wh细节题常见的考题形式有： How/When/Why did something happen? Which of the following should people do it? Where should somebody do something? -According to the text/From the text, why/when / where/how/what/who.? .,1）先读题。找准问题中的关键词，利用信息定位，运用略读和查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找相关出处。 2）对比所找信息中所找词汇，进行变通，即有可能用成近义词，反义词，正话反说等。,3 解题方法和步骤：,1) Not long ago, my wife, PJ, and I tried a new dietnot to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate change.,Q: Why did the author and his wife try a new diet? A. To take special kinds of food B. To respond to climate change. C. To lose weight D. To improve their health,近义词,because, due to.to do,4 Practice,就近原则：不推比推的好，推得近的比推得远的好,2) (2013湖北E篇)Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability. Q: How do people of higher income see their future? A. They will earn less money. B. They will become pessimistic. C. They will suffer mental illness. D. They will have less time to enjoy life.,词性变化,high/low income,就近原则：不推比推的好，推得近的比推得远的好,3) (2012全国卷C篇)Last night I was driving from Harrisburg to Lewisburg，distance of about eighty miles. It was late. Several times I got stuck behind a slow-moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left, and I became increasingly impatient. Q: Why did the author get impatient while driving? He was lonely on the road. He was slowed down by a truck. He got tired of driving too long. D. He came across too many traffic lights.,语言简化/归纳总结,patient, patience.,1）先读题。找准问题中的关键词，利用信息定位，运用略读和查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找相关住处。 2）对比所找信息中所找词汇，进行变通，即有可能用成近义词，反义词，正话反说等。,4 请运用刚才的技巧分组练习,正确选项的特点与概括:,(事实细节题的考点),_把原文中的一些词换成 近义词,反义词等。 _ 把原文中的一些 词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的 语态，给考生制造障碍。 _把原文中的复杂 语言现象进行简化，长话短说，成为正确 答案。,替换关键词,词性或者语态的变化,语言简化/总结归纳,1)、（2013辽宁A篇）Yet since my arrival in Beijing last year, Ive found the opposite is true. There are millions of cars. However, people still use their bicycles to get around. For many, its the easiest and cheapest way to travel today. Bicycles also come in different colors-silver, green, red, blue, yellow, whatever you want. Q: According to the author, why are bicycles still popular in China today? A. Because they are traditional and safe. B. Because they are convenient and inexpensive. C. Because they are colorful and available. D. Because they are fast and environment friendly.,近义词,2)(重庆2013年高考C篇)The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia. It is over 5,100 years old. Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didnt become popular for a while, though. This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around. 64. What might explain why transport wheels didnt become popular for some time? A. Few knew how to use transport wheels. B. Humans carried farming tools just as well. C. Animals were a good means of transport. D. The existence of transport wheels was not known.,语言简化/归纳总结,3） (2012山东A篇)Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem their phosphate磷酸盐was running out. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. By 2000, Nauru was financially ruined. Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen. 59. Which of the following was a cause of Naurus financial problem?A. Its leaders misused the money B. It spent too much repairing the island C. Its phosphate(磷酸盐) mining cost much money D. It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.,语言简化,economy,money,cost,expenses,4) (2011全国) Software Trainer If you are aged 24-45 and have experience in teaching and training, you could be the person we are looking for. You should be good at the computer and have some experience in programme writing. You will be allowed to make you own decisions, and to design courses as well as present them. Pay upwards of 15,000 pounds for the right person. Please apply by sending you CV(简历) to Mrs. R. Lglivie, Palmlace Limited.,Q:What kind of person would probably apply to Palmlace Limited? A. One with GCSE grade C level. B. One with some office experience. C. One having good computer knowledge. D. One trained in producing music programme.,无中生有,无中生有,正误并存,1 常见的设问方式：三对一错或三错一对 1）Which of the following is true/false/mentioned? 2) All of the following statements may be true/false except _. Which of the following is not the result of.? Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?,Step 是非题,_。即把选项内容和原文内容进行对比分析，判断是否符合相关句的意义或在原文中提到过，然后进行排队解答。 项。,2 解题方法：,原文定位法,Enlisted（征募）in the army in 1997, Liu was an experienced pilot with 1,680 hours of flying experience and the deputy head of a flight unit of the PLAs Air Force before being enlisted into Chinas second group of prospective astronauts in May 2010. She is now an air force major.,3 Practice,Q: Which of the following is TRUE about Liu Yang from the passage? Liu once was head of a flight unit of the PLAs Air Force. Liu has become an air force major in 1997. She was enlisted into Chinas second group of prospective astronauts in 2010. After three years of training Liu was selected as a candidate.,删减细节/缩小范围,正误并存,now,_明显不是文章的信息，与文中事实相反或不符,4 干扰项的特点,正误并存,扩大(缩小)范围,偷换概念,以偏概全,无中生有,_信息部分正确，部分错误,_是原文信息，但故意增加或减少细节,_符合常识，但不是文章的内容,_与原句的内容极为相似，但在程度、态度、褒贬色彩上有变动,_是原文信息，但不是题干要求的内容,答非所问,1） (2010年广东C篇)Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food.Feveris one of the most common symptoms.,5 分组练习,Q: Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Food when poisoned can make people sick. B. Food poisoning means death. C. Food poisoning comes in varieties. D. Food poisoning can be serious.,以偏概全,Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly.,有时命题者故弄玄虚，在选项中加些夸大其词的说法，把“大约”说成“绝对，肯定”(要留意选项中诸如all, absolutely, only, never, completely, definitely等词)，把抽象说成具体，或者把人名、地名、时间等张冠李戴，误串起来，从而构成形是实非的干扰项。,注意“陷阱”：,2) (2013河南质检)It is easy to find organic mulch(覆盖) materials. Cut-up leaves and small pieces of tree bark can be used. Grass cuttings are also a good mulch for plants. Mulch from newspapers works well in controlling weeds. 4. The following can be used as organic materials to make mulch EXCEPT _. A. Tree barks B. cut-up leaves C. grass cuttings D. plastic,3 (2013山西高三质检)Traditionally, people have drunk bottled water to health reasons. The practice of “taking the waters” originated with the Roans, who believed that a person developed a healthy mind by building a healthy body. Across Europe, drinking or bathing in mineral water has been associated with power to cure various diseases.,Q: Which of the following statements is TRUE? A Bottled water was once drunk both by the rich and the poor. B. Bottled water sales have risen, for its cheaper than tap water. C. Europeans believed in the power of treatment of mineral water. D. Americans have had the habit of drinking bottled water for long.,词性转化,无中生有,Across Europe, drinking or bathing in mineral water has been associated with power to cure various diseases.,4) (2012合肥质检)The new technology has produced various options for students. College Booksellers, which operates 636 campus bookstores nationwide, is now marketing its new software application, which allows students to read e-textbooks on PCs. The company introduced the free application last summer in the hope of attracting more students to buy its electronic textbooks. “Now the biggest barrier is getting them to try it.” said the companys vice president.,Q: Which of the following is NOT true according to this paragraph? A. College Booksellers operates more than 600 bookstores in campus. B. The free application was introduced to increase sales of elctronic textbooks. C. Campus students now fancy a try of the free software application. D. The companys management still has to do more to sell the e-textbooks.,want,Now the biggest barrier is getting them to try it,summary,Wh-细节题解题方法,1 找题干中的关键词，用略读和查读方法锁定出处。,2 对比词汇，仔细分析题干和原文的共同点和差异。,是非题解题方法：原文定位法,正确选项特征,替换关键词,词性变化,语言简化/总结归纳,错误选项特征,1 正误并存,2 扩大/缩小范围,3 无中生有,4 以偏概全,5 偷换概念,6 答非所问,做阅读理解细节题，除了掌握技巧以外，最主要是要有足够的词汇量，辅以语法知识，认真分析，仔细思考，才能得高分。不然，只是舍本逐末。,Practice makes perfect!,May you succeed in your studies!,Thank you!,事实细节题解题技巧 1.若针对特殊标点符号,举例子,名人名言出题,只需要阅读符号，例子,名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对。 2.在出现一些关键词，如however、but、moreover、therefore、 thus时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。 3.细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项,summary,4.选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如：must, never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any, no, completely, none,等。但不是绝对，也有例外。 5.注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如： must, may, often, should, usually, might, most, more or less, likely, all, never，few 等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往往被忽视。 6.细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提及.,解题办法：首尾定位法+排除法 即：先找出最先发生的事和最后发生的事，通过排除法迅速缩小范围，从而快速选出正确答案。,Question type 1: 排序题,B篇 Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found anewrecipe of success. According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get alongswimmingly. Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reporteda positive relationshipbetween their cat and dog. However, it wasnt all sweetness and light. There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes,while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite. For example, when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression, while a dog doing the same signals submission. In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behaviour. They are learning how to talk each others language. It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk Dog, and dogs can learn how to talk Cat. Whats interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence. They can learn how to read each others body signals,suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected.Once familiar with each others presence and body language, cats and dogs can play together, greet each other nose to nose, and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa. They can easily share the same water bowl and in some cases groom (梳理) each other. The significance of the research on cats and dogs may go beyond pets to people who dont get along, including neighbors, colleagues at work, and even world superpowers.If cats and dogs can learn to get along, surely people have a good chance.,32. Some cats and dogs may fight when _. they are cold to each other B. they look away from each other C. they misunderstood each others signals D. they are introduced at an early age 33. What is found surprising about cats and dogs? They eat and sleep each other. B. They observe each others behaviors. C. They learn to speak each others language. D. They know something from each others voices.,34. It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that cats and dogs _ A. have common interests B. are less different than was thought C. have a common body language D. are less intelligent than was expected,_,2011A26 In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also.ButI have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people.I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered thatit makes them happy.,第一段,细节归纳,_,_,_,it makes them happy,2011A27 From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people,butsometimesI feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They dont get to see this soft side of others. Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we stop pretending were brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness thats in them.,第二段,_,_,_,转折处常考,因果关系处常考,2011A29 Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we dont feel that way.But those are few and far between. More often,it would be better if we dont pretend we feel strong when we feel weakor pretend that we are brave when we are scared.,第六段,_,_,_,_,2011A28 When I put on my flashlights, I was saying to other drivers, “I have a problem here. I am weak and doing the best I can.” And everyone understood. Several times, I saw drivers who wanted to pass. They couldnt get around me because of the stream of passing traffic.Butinstead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.,第五段,_,_,_,转折处常考,_,The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia. It is over 5,100 years old. Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didnt become popular for a while, though. This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around. 64. What might explain why transport wheels didnt become popular for some time? A. Few knew how to use transport wheels. B. Humans carried farming tools just as well. C. Animals were a good means of transport. D. The existence of transport wheels was not known. 【解析】根据文章第二段最后一句话This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around 可知运输轮子很长时间没有流行的一个原因可能是动物充当了很好的交通工具。,In 1988, Tanni went to her first Paralympic Games in Seoul. She won bronze in the 400 metres. Even greater success followed at the 1992 Barcelona. Paralympics. Tanni won gold in the 100, 200, 400 and 800 metres relay, setting two world records in the process.,时间,57. When did Tanni win her first Olympic gold medal? A. In 1984. B. In 1988. C. In 1992. D. In 2007,事实细节题考查的六大信息,事实细节题干常用when, where, who, why, what 和 how 等提问或要求用此类信息补全 句子，考查对应的六大信息内容，即 _ 、 _、 _、 _、 _和 _。,时间 地点 人物 原因 事件 方式,summary,1.According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_? 2.Whichofthefollowingstatements iscorrect/true?（三误一正） 3.Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?（三正一误） 4 The author ( or the passage) states that_. 5 .,常见设题方式：,题干设计常常避开 原文中所用的词汇，而用 其同义词、近义词或反义词 设题。,设题特点：,解题技巧与策略,第一步：略读题干(Skimming),首先，快速浏览每道试题的题干(即问题)。,第二步：通读全文(Scanning),浏览了题干与选项之后，要带着“问题”通读全文。,第三步：研读攻关(Close-reading),注意对信息进行综合分析，分清主次、真伪，避免受信息的干扰，陷入高考题所设下的“陷阱”，学会“排除”干扰项。,(New York) A French tourist highly praised for rescuing a two-year-old girl in Manhattan said he didnt think twice before diving into the freezing East River. Tuesdays Daily News said 29-year-old Julien Duret from France is the man who left the spot quickly after the rescue last Sunday. He lifted the little girl out of water after she fell off the bank at the South Street Seaport museum. He handed the girl to her father, David Anderson, who had dived in after him.,Reading material 1,Q: Who dived after Duret into the river to save the little girl? A. David Anderson B. A passer-by C. His girlfriend D. A taxi driver,题干是问谁在Duret之后跳进河里救人， 可以以dive为线索找到原文的He handed the girl to her father， David Anderson， who had dived in after him， 故可知答案是David Anderson。,1 wh-细节题,语篇解读：本篇文章为说明文。说明了什么是食物中毒以及它常见的症状，导致食物中毒的原因，如何正确处理食物以减少中毒的可能，最后说明了食物中毒并不可怕，只要休息几天或多喝开水即可痊愈。,Reading material 2 2010年广东卷C篇,Reading material 2 Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food.Feveris one of the most common symptoms.,第一段,_,_,Q Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Food when poisoned can make people sick. B. Food poisoning means death. C. Food poisoning comes in varieties. D. Food poisoning can be serious.,Passage2 2010年广东高考阅读C篇,以偏概全,三正一误,2 是非题,Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly.,Reading material 3 The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows,练习题,Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275,Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above? A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does. D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.,文章,【解析】答案为 D 。 根据文章细节内容，计算公式为： (90-35)51=275,3 计算题,根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D 四个答案的内容是否正确。很容易找出 C 符合图表内容。,4 图表题,Back in the fifteenth century, in a tiny village near Nuremberg, lived a family with eighteen childrenIn spite of the hopeless condition, two of the children, Albrecht Durer and Albert, had a dreamThey both wanted to pursue their talent for artAfter many long discussions, the two boys finally worked out an agreementThey would toss a coinThe loser would go down into the nearby mines and, with his earnings, support his brother who attended the academyThen, when that brother who won the toss completed his studies, in four years, he would support the other brother at the academy Tossing a coin, Albrecht Durer won and went off to NurembergAlbert went down into the dangerous mines and, for the next four years, supported his brother, whose work at the academy was almost an immediate sensation（轰动）By the time he graduated, he had earned considerable fees for his outstanding works When the young artist returned to his village, the Durer family held a festive dinner to celebrate lbrechts triumphant（胜利的）homecomingAlbrecht drank a toast to his beloved brother for the years of sacrifice that had enabled him to complete his dream“And now, Albert, blessed brother of mine, now it is you