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Unit 5 The power of nature【高考探究】自然与环境是高考英语热点话题，通常以阅读理解、完形填空和书面表达 的形式考查。例如：2017年新课标全国卷I阅读理解D篇；2016年北京卷阅读理解；I. 阅读理解Passage1（2017新课标全国卷）体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文简单易行的太阳能蒸馏器 3166分钟A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, its an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since its all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 55 sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container perhaps just a drinking cup to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catchers productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up and out the side of the hole. Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup. The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and wont have to break down the still every time you need a drink. 32. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A. Its delicate. B. Its expensive.C. Its complex. D. Its portable.33. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. The tube. B. The still.C. The hole. D. The cup.34. Whats the last step of constructing a working solar still?A. Dig a hole of a certain size. B. Put the cup in place.C. Weight the sheets center down. D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.35. When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from .A. the plastic tube B. outside the holeC. the open air D. beneath the sheet【话题解读】本文主要介绍了一种自己可以亲手制作的简单易行的太阳能蒸馏器的方法，并介绍了它的工作原理。这种蒸馏器所需的材料简单，适用于任何缺水的地方。32.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.可知制作蒸馏器的东西可以叠放在一个小包里，系在腰间，这说明制作蒸馏器的设备很轻便，portable表示“轻便的；手提的”，故选D。杯子的工作效率是不变的。故选B。34.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock.可知最后一步是weighting the sheets center down with a rock(放一块石头在覆盖膜的中间，把它压下去)，故选C。35.D【解析】推理判断题。结合第四段中的Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup可知地下水蒸发，在覆盖膜上聚集起来，直到形成小水滴落在杯子里，覆盖膜是在杯子上面的，水滴落入杯子里，所以水滴是凝聚在覆盖膜的下面。故选D。Passage2（2016北京卷）体裁话题词数难度建议时间记叙文娜塔莉帮助重建遭受飓风重创的家乡3628分钟 Surviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)Natalie Doan,14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. Its the ocean that makes Rockaway so special, she says.On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalies family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the citys bridge closed.When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalies friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalies school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.My mom tells me that I cant control what happens to me, Natalie says. but I can always choose how I deal with it.Natalies choice was to help.She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down. Within days, Patricks collection was replaced.In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-need supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.Today, the scars(创痕)of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. I cant imagine living anywhere but Rockaway, Natalie declares. My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.zxx*k59. When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane ,she found_.A. some friends had lost their livesB. her neighborhood was destroyedC. her school had moved to BrooklynD. the elderly were free from suffering60. According to paragraph4,who inspired Natalie most?A. The people helping Rockaway rebuildB. The people trapped in high-rise buildingC. The volunteers donating money to survivorsD. Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people61. How did Natalie help the survivors?A. She gave her toys to the kidsB. She took care of younger childrenC. She called on the White House to helpD. She built an information sharing platform62. What does the story intend to tell us?A. Little people can make a big differenceB. A friend in need is a friend indeedC. East or West, home is bestD. Technology is power【话题解读】本文是一个记叙文本文的主人公14岁的女孩娜塔莉主动参与重建遭受飓风重创的家乡。她建立了一个网站，把外界的捐赠者和家乡需要帮助的人结对，同时帮助很多孩子实现了自己的梦想。她应邀到白宫，并被授予荣誉称号。59.B 【解析】细节理解题。由题干中的returned.after the hurricane可知，答案应该在第三段。娜塔莉一家在飓风过后回到家乡，发现街区已变为废墟(neighborhood in ruins)，很多朋友失去了家园，并且住到了很远的地方。人们都在遭受苦难，特别是老年人。从这些信息可知选B。60.A 【解析】细节理解题。由第四段第一句中的the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie可知选A。 塔莉如何帮助家乡的重建工作，因此选A。 Passage3（2017新课标全国卷）体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文植物受到攻击后的反击2936分钟When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesnt sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short. Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .Its a plants way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbours react. Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch. In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists dont know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasnt a true, intentional back and forth. Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. Theres a whole lot going on.32. What does a plant do when it is under attack?A. It makes noises. B. It gets help from other plants.C. It stands quietly D. It sends out certain chemicals.33. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?A. The attackers get attacked.B. The insects gather under the table.C. The plants get ready to fight back.D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.34.Scientists find from their studies that plants can .A. predict natural disasters B. protect themselves against insectsC. talk to one another intentionally D. help their neighbors when necessary35.what can we infer from the last paragraph?A. The world is changing faster than ever.B. People have stronger senses than beforeC. The world is more complex than it seemsD. People in Darwins time were imaginative.【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文。研究发现，当植物受到攻击时，会发出VOCs，以此来保护自己或者与周围的植物通过化学物质进行交流。34.B 【解析】细节理解题，根据“Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked”及“Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. ”可知答案选B。35. C【解析】推理判断题。根据“imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. Theres a whole lot going on”可知，这个世界远比我们我们看 到或听到的更热闹、更亲密，我们认知能力有限，有很多事仍在继续发生，远比我们想象的要复杂。 故选C。II. 完形填空体裁话题词数难度建议时间记叙文从事园艺的经历31317分钟（2012重庆卷）I became a gardener when I was twelve. My early 36 of gardening may not have originated from my love for nature. It was to 37 my parents. At that time, we had a big yard in which a beautiful maple tree stood. But my mother often looked with 38 at this work of natural art. Those golden leaves seemed like tons of rubbish to her, something else to 39 ! Seeing the neighbors busy with gardening, my father even thought it a waste of time. At that age, I always did something 40 to whatever my parents did! If gardening were something they found 41 , I would plant a garden! I planted some lily(百合花) seeds in the yard. But they failed to 42 . I continued to plant sunflower seeds and roses. Wild 43 joy, I found the first rose bloom(开花). One by one, the flowers bloomed their heads off. 44 , I was touched by this land of wonder. Zx&xk 45 , my parents showed no interest in my garden. My father even 46 at me because he found it was 47 to move around my garden to the driveway. To my mothers 48 , I put in her vase my real roses which, in her eyes, were simply weeds 49 flowers. Regardless of their 50 , I kept on planting my garden and 51 to enjoy the pleasure of gardening. Plants make such good companions: they breathe, they bloom, they 52 to care and love. It has been many years since I made my first garden out of my desire to 53 my parents. Today I become known as Mrs. Greenthumbs, teaching gardening and hosting a gardening show, which makes my parents feel very 54 . And now I could say it is my affection for 55 that makes me a real gardener. 36. A. memoryB. dreamC. intentionD. design37. A. pleaseB. changeC. helpD. annoy38. A. doubtB. appreciationC. surpriseD. excitement39. A. collect upB. care aboutC. clean upD. come in40. A. equalB. similarC. superiorD. opposite41. A. painfulB. valuableC. upsettingD. interesting42. A. come upB. break outC. hold onD. get through43. A. toB. withC. inD. by44. A. LuckilyB. CheerfullyC. RegularlyD. Eventually45. A. InsteadB. HoweverC. ThereforeD. Besides46. A. shoutedB. laughedC. glancedD. jumped47. A. convenientB. troublesomeC. enjoyableD. dangerous48. A. sadnessB. displeasureC. delightD. relief49. A. other thanB. more thanC. rather thanD. less than50. A. dislikeB. encouragementC. threatD. suggestion51. A. decidedB. stoppedC. continuedD. struggled52. A. devoteB. turnC. respondD. lead53. A. defeatB. satisfyC. respectD. challenge54. A. proudB. comfortableC. strangeD. disappointed55. A. freedomB. lifeC. growthD. nature【话题解读】当年的我是一个叛逆的孩子。我十二岁时成了一名园丁，但不是出于对大自然的热爱，而是为了与父母作对。父母不喜欢种花草，我偏要种。慢慢地我喜欢上了园艺业，现在我成了著名的园艺师，父母也为我感到自豪。境。 37.D 根据文章第二段中的母亲认为叶子是垃圾，父亲认为从事园艺事业是浪费时间可知，对于我的父母来说，这件事让他们烦恼，故选D。A项意为使满意，B项意为变化，C项意为帮助，均不符合语境。 38.A 根据Those golden leaves seemed like tons of rubbish to her可判断出，母亲带着怀疑的目光看天然的艺术作品，故选A项。B项意为欣赏，C项意为惊奇，D项意为激动，均不符合语境。 39.C 根据Those golden leaves seemed like tons of rubbish可判断出，母亲想方设法把它们清理干净。短语clean up意为打扫（或清除）干净，故选C项。A项意为把收起搁置，B项意为在意，D项意为进来，流行，均不符合语境。 40.D 根据后面的If gardening. I would plant a garden!可判断出， 我通常做的和我父母做的相反，故选D项。A项意为平等的，B项意为类似的，C项意为上级的，均不符合语境。 1.C 根据第一段中的It was to 37 my parents.和本空前一句可知此处选C项。A项意为疼痛的，B项意为有价值的，D项意为有趣的，都不符合语境。 42.A 根据下文中的I continued to plant sunflower seeds and roses.可判断出， 我种的百合花没有发芽。短语come up意为长出地面，发芽，故选A项。B项意为爆发，C项意为坚持住，D项意为通过，均不符合语境。 43.B 根据I found the first rose bloom（开花）可判断出我非常高兴。短语with joy意为高兴地，符合语境。 47.B 根据move around my garden to the driveway可判断出，他发现这样很麻烦，故选B项。A项意为方便的，C项意为令人愉快的，D项意为危险的，均不符合语境。 48.B 根据I put in her vase my real roses以及were simply weeds可判断出，我的这种做法让母亲感到不高兴。故选B项。 49.C 根据语境可判断出，母亲认为它们只是杂草而不是花，故选C项。A项意为除以外，B项意为多于，D项意为少于，均不符合语境。 50.A 根据语境可判断出我的父母不喜欢园艺，故选A项。 51.C 根据I kept on planting.中的kept on可判断出选C项。A项意为决定，B项意为停止，D项意为抗争，均不符合语境。 52.C 根据Plants make such good companions.可判断出，他们能回应我的照顾，故选C项。A项意为奉献，B项意为翻转，D项意为领导，均不符合语境。 53.D 根据语境可知我的第一个花园是在向父母挑战，故选D项。A项意为击败，B项意为使满意，C项意为尊敬，均不符合语境。 54.A 根据Today I become known as Mrs. Greenthumbs可判断出， 我在园艺方面取得了成就，父母为此感到骄傲，故选A项。 55.D 根据第36空后面的from my love for nature可判断出选D项。
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