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第五讲非谓语动词Part 真题变式体验12017北京高考The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _ (range) from butterflies to elephants.答案：rangingrange from . to . “从到(的范围)”。range与其逻辑主语a large collection of wildlife之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。22017北京高考Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time _ (spend) with his students.答案：spent分析句子结构可知，此处应用所给动词的非谓语形式作定语修饰其前的名词。time与spend之间是被动关系，故此处用过去分词形式。此处意为“和学生们一起度过的快乐时光”。32017天津高考I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train _ (catch)答案：to catch结合句意可知，此处表示将要发生的动作，故用动词不定式作定语。42017天津高考The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _ (allow) more patients to be treated.答案：allowing句子已有谓语动词且与所给词间无连词，故应用其非谓语形式。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语。52016浙江高考I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do _ (work) with students.答案：working句中do代替have fun, have fun doing sth.“做某事很开心”。62016浙江高考To return to the problem of water pollution, Id like you to look at a study _ (conduct) in Australia in 2012.答案：conducted此处应用所给动词的非谓语形式作后置定语修饰其前面的名词，study与conduct之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。72016江苏高考In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message _ (hide) within the work.答案：hidden设空处在句中作定语，message与hide之间存在被动关系，故用过去分词形式。82016北京高考_ (make) it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.答案：To make根据句意可知，这里应用动词不定式作目的状语。92016北京高考_ (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.答案：Orderedorder与其逻辑主语the books之间为被动关系，故答案为Ordered。102016天津高考The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, _ (make) air conditioning unnecessary.答案：making根据句意可知，此处应用现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。不定式虽然也可作结果状语，但往往表示出乎意料的结果。Part 语篇真题演练阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。2016全国卷Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top _61_ (attract)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the notforprofit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I _62_ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be _63_ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back _64_ my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, _65_ I was the first Western TV reporter _66_ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include _67_ (introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by _68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few _69_ (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, _70_ other is with mumshe never suspects.61_62._63._64._65_66._67._68._69_70._Step 1：通读全文，掌握主旨大意。本文是一篇记叙文，讲述的是作者受邀在成都大熊猫基地服务的经历。Step 2：逐题解答，确定答案。61attraction考查词性转换。由形容词性物主代词its以及形容词top，可知空格处需要填入名词。62was_allowed考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子可知，此处主语I与allow之间为被动关系，且叙述的是过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时的被动语态。63officially考查词性转换。修饰动词应用副词。64to考查介词。此处为固定短语，意为“追溯到”。故填to。65when考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，此处when引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作时间状语。66permitted考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语形式，permit与逻辑主语之间为被动关系。67introducing考查非谓语动词。动词include后跟动词ing形式作宾语，故填introducing。68its考查代词。由下文语境可知，此处it指代一对孪生熊猫中的“him”，用于修饰其后的名词，故应填形容词性物主代词。69days考查名词的复数。day为可数名词，由few可知此空的正确形式为名词复数。70the考查冠词。此处考查固定搭配“one ., the other .”，意为“(两者中的)一个，另一个”。Step 3：代入验证。需保证语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑，这样才能确保万无一失。知识清单(1)非谓语动词的基本形式及含义；(2)非谓语动词作定语的结构及用法；(3)非谓语动词作宾补的结构及用法；(4)非谓语动词作状语的结构及用法；(5)非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语的用法；(6)非谓语动词使用中存在的问题分析。学情分析考生对非谓语动词的学习存在以下问题：(1)不清楚句子结构，分辨不清谓语与非谓语；(2)受汉语影响，某些汉语理解与英语动词形式不一致时，出现很多错误，如：satisfied，理解为主动意义，但其形式表示被动含义；(3)解题时，思路混乱，不遵循解题思路，导致错误频出。非谓语动词不同形式的构成及含义如图表：注意：(1)having been done与done作状语时没有明显区别，可以互换，但having been done不能作定语和宾补，强调时间先后，而done有时只强调被动关系。(2)不及物动词的过去分词，只表示完成，不表示被动，如：fallen leaves落叶。(3)有时过去分词只表示被动而不强调时间性。The boy was running along the street, followed by a dog.这个男孩正在街道上跑，后面跟着一只狗。Having washed his clothes, he went to play football.洗完衣服，他出去踢足球。考点1非谓语动词作定语1不定式作定语不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。(1)常被不定式修饰的名词有：chance, need, promise, ability, way, opportunity等，常表同位关系。He had no chance to go to school before liberation.解放前他没有上学的机会。(同位关系)Do you have the ability to read and write in English?你有英语读写的能力吗？(同位关系)(2)名词或代词前有序数词修饰时，一般用不定式作其后置定语，表主动关系。She likes to listen to Mr Lis lessons, so she is always the first student to come and the last to leave.她喜欢听李先生的课，所以她总是第一个来最后一个走的学生。(主谓关系)(3)在表示有要做的事情时，通常用不定式作后置定语，不定式与被修饰词之间为被动关系。Do you have anything to be typed, sir?No, thanks.先生，你有东西要打印吗？没有，谢谢。There is a lot of work to do.有许多活要干。注意：(1)在该用法中，使用不定式的主动形式强调动作由句子主语发出；使用被动形式则强调动作由别人来做，如：(3)中打印的动作不是句子主语you发出，故用被动形式。(2)若不定式中的动词是不及物动词，则要在该动词后加适当的介词。I have no pen to write with.我没有写字用的笔。2动词ing形式作定语(1)动词ing形式的主动式(doing)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。Recently a survey comparing prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused a heated debate among citizens.近来一个把两个不同超市相同商品的价格做比较的调查引发了市民的激烈讨论。(2)动词ing形式的一般被动式(being done)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系，表示该动作的被动和进行。The houses being built are for the teachers.正在建的那些房子是给老师们的。3动词ed形式作定语动词ed形式(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词存在被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.建于1911年的清华大学是无数杰出人物的摇篮。The question discussed (which was discussed) yesterday is important.昨天讨论的问题是重要的。注意：作定语的不及物动词的分词形式：doing和done。doing表示正在进行；done表示已经完成。boiling water 正在沸腾的水boiled water 开水developing countries 发展中国家developed countries 发达国家典题12017江苏扬州月考In 1973, a book _ (claim) that plants can feel emotions, prefer classical music, and can respond to the unspoken thought of humans landed on the New York Times bestseller list.答案claiminglanded on是谓语动词，分析句子结构可知，设空处应用非谓语动词形式。claim的逻辑主语为a book，两者之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作定语修饰a book。典题22017北京海淀区期末When someone turns away his body, it means impatience and a desire _ (escape) a conversation.答案to escape此处应用不定式作定语，与其逻辑主语，即所修饰的词之间为同位关系，故填to escape。典题32018吉林实验中学模拟A study _ (lead) by Karin James, a psychologist at Indiana University, gave support to the view that what we write matters. 答案ledlead和前面的名词study之间在逻辑上构成动宾关系，表示被动意义，指这个研究是由Karin领导的，故填led。 考点2非谓语动词作宾补1常见的非谓语动词作宾补的结构“动词宾语宾补”，而在考查过程中，经常见到的一种结构是其被动结构be done to doMy mother allowed me to watch TV after finishing my homework in the evening.(主动语态)I was allowed to watch TV after finishing my homework in the evening. (被动语态)我的妈妈允许我在晚上完成作业后看电视。因此，在熟练掌握主动语态结构的情况下，更要注意被动语态中补语的结构。常见的动词有：ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind, prefer, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach等。2感官动词宾语宾补感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, hear, feel的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以see为例)：see宾语I heard her sing an English song just now.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动，完成)I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱英文歌。(主动，正在进行)To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.为了学好英语，我们应该找机会尽可能多地听英语。(被动，无时间性)3使让动词宾语宾补(1)make宾语(2)have宾语注意：(1)在以上省去to的不定式作宾补的结构中，若变为被动语态，需将省去的不定式符号to补出来。He made his workers work 12 hours a day.(主动)他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。His workers were made to work 12 hours a day.(被动)(2)have还可以用于have sth. to do/to be done结构中，其中have作“有”讲，不定式作定语。I have something urgent to inform you.我有很紧急的事要通知你们。He got me to post the letter for him.他让我替他寄信。Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.亚历山大试图使他的工作被医学界认可。The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。Ill get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long.对不起让你久等了。(注：第二个句型是第一个句型的被动结构。这两个句型中的动词常表示“知道”或“认为”。常见的动词有say, report, believe, consider, know, think, suppose, understand, imagine等。)其中，to do表动作发生在谓语之后；to have done表动作发生在谓语之前；to be doing表动作与谓语同时发生。Leonardo da Vinci was said to have bought birds kept in the cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.据说莱昂纳多达芬奇为了体验放飞鸟的快乐，买了被困在笼子里的鸟。5with复合结构(with宾语宾语补足语)作状语，是用现在分词、过去分词还是动词不定式作宾语补足语，关键是看宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系With time passing by, he almost forgot everything in the past.随着时间的流逝，他几乎忘记了过去所有的事情。(time和pass by之间为主动关系)He sat on the chair, with his hands tied behind his back.他坐在椅子上，双手在背后捆着。(hands和tie之间为被动关系)注意：“with宾语to do”结构中，当with译为“有”的意思，不定式表将要发生的动作，且与宾语是被动关系，此时用不定式的主动形式表被动。With a lot of problems to solve， the newlyelected president will have a hard time.由于有许多问题要解决，这个新当选的总统将有一段艰难的时期(要度过)。典题42017北京海淀区期末Its bad for your eyes if you keep them _ (fix) on the screen for a long time.答案fixed此处为“keep宾语宾补”结构， fix与them(eyes)之间为被动关系，故填fixed。典题52018重庆一中诊断Jeremy Lin works extremely hard.So he does. He is often seen _ (sweat) heavily before his teammates have even arrived at practice.答案sweating分析句子结构可以看出，该题是“see宾语宾补”这一结构变为被动语态的形式。看到Jeremy Lin正在流汗，故用sweating，表示动作在进行之中。典题62017北京海淀区期末The spread of the Ebola Virus in Nigeria is believed _ (control) by August, 2014.答案to have been controlled根据句子结构可以看出，该题为“主语be过去分词to do”结构。因control已经发生，且与Ebola Virus之间为被动关系，故用不定式的完成式的被动式。典题72018湖南郴州质检With a lot of homework _ (do), I decided not to play with you.答案to do此处是with复合结构，由句意可知，所给动词表示将要发生的动作，且homework是由句子主语I完成的，故用to do作宾补。考点3非谓语动词作状语1不定式作状语不定式作状语通常表示：(1)原因(多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后)；(2)目的(可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首)；(3)结果(常表意想不到的结果，常为only to do)。We were very excited to hear the news.听到这个消息，我们很兴奋。(原因)To get there on time I got up very early.为准时到那儿，我很早就起床了。(目的)He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there.他匆忙地赶到学校结果却发现一个人也没有。(结果)注意：不定式作目的状语在句子后面时，不用逗号隔开，位于句子前时可以隔开。英语中只用不定式作目的状语，因此，考查非谓语动词作状语时，首先考虑是否是不定式作目的状语，然后再判断其他情况。2现在分词作状语现在分词的一般式即doing表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系。现在分词的完成式即having done表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.看到没人在家，她决定给他们留个便条。(主动意义，非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生)Having waited for an hour, he realized he had left his wallet at home.等了一个小时后，他意识到他把钱包落在了家中。(主动意义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前)3过去分词作状语(1)过去分词短语作状语时可表示时间、原因、条件、伴随和结果等，也可以改为相应的从句或并列句。Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year.If I am given good health, I hope to finish the work this year.如果身体健康，我希望今年完成这项工作。Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。注意：在when， while， if， as if， though， as， until， once， whether， unless， where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词，形成“连词分词短语”结构。When treated with kindness， he was very lovely.当友好地对待他时，他很可爱。(2)部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时表示状态，不表示被动关系，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：seated(坐着的), hidden(躲着), stationed(驻扎), lost/absorbed in(沉溺于), born in(出生于), dressed in(穿着), tired of(厌烦了), faced with(面对)以及表示心理状态的动词。如：interested, surprised, satisfied, moved等。Absorbed in his book, he didnt notice me enter the room.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。Faced with a gradual rise of seawater, some nations in the Pacific are considering moving in the near future.面对海水不断上涨(的情况)，有些位于太平洋的国家正考虑在不久的将来迁移。注意：(1)以上这类过去分词，从汉语理解方面，逻辑主语与该动词之间为主动关系，但应使用过去分词。此类词后往往紧跟一个介词，故在不能理解其用法时，若空格后紧跟一个介词，且填非谓语动词，则可填过去分词。(2)选择分词作状语时，主要分辨该动词与句子主语之间的关系：如果逻辑上是主谓关系则用现在分词；如果逻辑上是动宾关系则用过去分词；兼顾注意动作的先后关系。区别下面的句子：Seen from the top of the hill， the park looks even more beautiful.从山顶上看，这个公园看起来更加美丽。(see与主语the park之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系)Seeing from the top of the hill， we find the park even more beautiful.从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。(主语we和see之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系)4独立主格结构作状语如果分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，须在分词前面加上它自己的主语，这种结构叫独立主格结构，其作用相当于状语从句；有时也用with复合结构(with宾语宾语补足语)作状语。(1)名词/主格代词现在分词名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。The girl staring at him (As the girl stared at him), he didnt know what to say.女孩两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。(2)名词/主格代词过去分词名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。The problems solved (As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。(3)名词/主格代词不定式名词/主格代词与不定式之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help.借助于一些旧零件，他打算做一个飞机模型。典题82017江苏盐城期末China held a ground parade in Beijing to make the defeat of Japan in World War Two, _ (display) its military power on an unprecedented scale (史无前例)答案displaying根据句式结构可知，此处需用非谓语动词作状语，其与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，故填displaying。典题92018辽宁实验中学调研If _ (request) a visa for the first time, you will have to go to an American embassy or consulate (领事馆)答案requestingrequest与主句的主语you构成逻辑上的主谓关系，因此使用现在分词作状语。故填requesting。典题102018淄博一中模拟 _ (equip) with a monitoring camera and other hardware for facial and voice recognition, the robots are playing an everincreasing role in helping busy people look after the elderly and children.答案Equippedequip与后面主句的主语the robots构成逻辑上的动宾关系，指这些robots被安装上监控摄像机和其他的面部识别硬件，此处相当于Because they are equipped with . 的省略句，作原因状语。因此填Equipped。典题11The travelers _ (explore) their new surroundings, life seems like an extended holiday.答案exploring根据句子的结构可知，前面不是一个独立的句子，即这部分是一个独立主格结构，而the travelers和explore之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填exploring。考点4非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语1动词不定式和动词ing形式作主语不定式表示某一具体的，尤其是未发生的动作；动词ing 形式表示抽象的、泛指的动作，尤其是一般行为倾向。两者可位于句首，也可用it作形式主语，而把不定式或动词ing形式后置。动名词用it作形式主语代替时，常用于it is no use/good doing sth.结构中。Its not easy to learn English well. Reading as much as possible is necessary.学好英语不容易，尽可能多地阅读是必要的。It is no good learning without practice.只学习不实践没有好处。Its important for the figures to be updated regularly.对数字进行定期更新很重要。2动词不定式和动词ing形式可用作宾语(1)afford, agree, ask, decide, desire, expect, fail, hope, manage, promise, pretend, plan, intend, refuse, wish等动词后要接不定式作宾语。The Smiths decided to devote all they had to setting up some hospitals for poor people.史密斯夫妇决定倾其所有为穷人建一些医院。(2)come, get, grow后接不定式作宾语时，意为“逐渐地”。She has a hot temper, but you will grow to like her.她脾气很急，但你会渐渐喜欢她的。(3)admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, risk, resist, suggest等动词后要接动词ing 形式作宾语。Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Expo during the vacation.比尔建议召开一个关于假期期间为世博会做些什么的会议。(4)give up, feel like, keep on, insist on, look forward to, put off, devote . to, object to, be busy, get down to, have difficulty/trouble(in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), have fun等短语后要接动词ing形式作宾语。I had great difficulty finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.在那个餐馆，我很难从菜单上找到合适的食物。(5)动词like, love, prefer, hate, continue等后接不定式或动词ing形式作宾语均可。但表示经常性的动作要用动词ing形式，表示具体的行为要用不定式。I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon.我喜欢游泳，但今天下午不想去。(6)动词need, require, want作“需要”讲，且句子主语是表示事物的名词时，其后要用动词ing形式的一般式或不定式的被动式作宾语。与此有相同用法的动词还有deserve “值得”。The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned.窗户需要擦了。(7)形容词worth后要接动词ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，它不同于worthy的用法。The Summer Palace is 颐和园值得一去。(8)介词后一般要接动词ing形式作宾语。但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，如果前面有实义动词do，不定式就要省略to。Upon arriving at the airport, he delivered an important speech.刚到机场，他就发表了重要演讲。He has nothing to do but lie down and sleep.无事可做，他只能躺下睡觉。(9)动词如：find, feel, think, expect, consider, make等常用于“. itadj./n.to do”结构中，it为形式宾语，to do为真正的宾语，形容词或名词作宾语补足语。He found it difficult to work out the problem.他发现解决这一问题很难。(10)既可用动词ing，又可用不定式作宾语，但意义区别明显的动词：I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里所看到的一切。I regret to inform you that your application has not been successful.Not successful? I performed pretty well in my interview!我很遗憾地通知你，你的申请没有成功。没成功？在面试中我表现得很出色呀！3动词不定式、动词ing形式和过去分词可用作表语(1)当动词ing形式或过去分词作表语时，它们大多数是已经形容词化的动词ing形式或过去分词，而且大多数是与心理状态有联系的词。The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来有趣。She is interested in the story.她对那个故事感兴趣。(2)表示一般的概念时，不定式、动词ing形式可以互换，而表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。What she likes is watching/to watch children play.她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。My wish is to become a good teacher.我的愿望就是要当个好老师。典题122017北京东城区期末She seated herself at a small table in the restaurant, waiting _ (serve)答案to be served此处需用非谓语动词作宾语。wait后加不定式作宾语，且she与serve之间为被动关系，故填to be served。典题132017北京宣武区期末_(understand) your own need, I think, is as important as learning to express your emotions.答案Understanding根据句式结构分析可以看出，应用所给动词的ing形式作主语，与as后的短语“learning to . ”相呼应，故应填Understanding。典题142018宁夏银川一中模拟Here are my ideas on how to make it easier_(communicate) with parents.答案to communicate根据句式结构可知，此题it是形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式，故填to communicate。典题152018河南郑州一中调研She did not seem to mind _(lead) behind a smelly dustbin by others. 答案being led动词mind后应接动名词作宾语。根据句意，她被领着到垃圾箱的后面去，故填being led。NO.1解题步骤1.分析句子结构，明确空格处应是谓语还是非谓语。2按照非谓语动词在句子中所充当的成分和具有的功能，并结合语境来确定正确形式。NO.2解题技巧1提示词为动词，句子中已经有谓语并且没有连词时应填非谓语。2根据非谓语动词在句中所作的成分，判断非谓语动词的逻辑主语与所给动词的主、被动关系。3判断非谓语动词与谓语动词所表示的动作之间的先后关系，来确定正确形式。4注意现在分词与过去分词的拼写要正确。特别提示：在判断所给动词与其逻辑主语之间的主、被动关系时，一定要注意其理解与英语形式是否一致。典题12017北京西城区模拟Seriously _ (injure), the old man had to be taken to hospital at once.答案injured本句中，injure和逻辑主语the old man存在被动关系，故应用过去分词作状语，表原因。故填injured。典题22017江苏新丰中学月考_ (admit) into a college or university in the UK, we must prove ourselves to have a strong ability in spoken and written English.答案To be admitted由句子结构判断此处为非谓语动词作状语。根据语义可知，此空表示目的，且与逻辑主语we之间为被动关系，故填To be admitted。典题32018安徽合肥一中模拟Could you imagine being considered beautiful for years, and suddenly being ugly when _ (move) to another continent?答案moving此处move与句子的主语you构成逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于when you are moving to another continent的省略形式，作时间状语。故填moving。非谓语动词的解题一般通过以下几步就可以减少或避免错误：1利用有无连词判断是谓语还是非谓语，即要找出句子的主干主语和谓语，再判断有没有连词来连接两个句子。2根据句意和非谓语在句子中的作用来确定逻辑主语。(1)非谓语作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语；(2)非谓语作定语时，其逻辑主语是所修饰的名词或代词；(3)非谓语作宾补时，其逻辑主语是作宾语的名词或代词；(4)非谓语作主语或宾语时，其逻辑主语通过句意来判断。3根据与逻辑主语之间的关系确定语态(主被动)。4根据非谓语与谓语动词所表示的动作的先后关系确定时态(一般式或完成式等)。注意：(1)在本专题的考点剖析中讲过的特殊情况要特殊去积累运用，否则也会出现错误。如：汉语理解与英语结构不一致的情况。主动形式表被动的情况。固定结构作状语：to be honest, to tell the truth, to make things/matters worse, judging from, compared to/with, provided/providing和suppose/supposing从句等均属特定用法。(2)另外，有些考题用非谓语动词形式使句式结构复杂化，而使考生弄不清考查的内容，对此类题目一定要分清句子结构。The professor referred_to at the meeting will_give us a lecture next week.在会议上提到的教授下周要给我们做演讲。该句中的referred to为过去分词作定语，如考生定势思维认为to为介词，后面加宾语可能会填写giving。因此，考生对这种逆向考查方式要高度警惕，最好的方法是夯实基础，提高分辨能力，问题便可迎刃而解。建议用时：20分钟Part .单句语法填空12018江苏新丰中学期末Not far from the club, there is a garden, its owner _ (seat) in it _ (play) bridge with his children every afternoon.答案：seated; playing第一空为独立主格结构，所给动词seat应用其形容词化的过去分词表示状态，意为“就坐的，坐下来的”；第二空为非谓语动词作伴随状语，play与其逻辑主语its owner之间为主动关系，故填playing。22017四川雅安月考Neighbors devoted their spare time to _ (help) others rebuild homes.答案：helpingdevote . to . 中to为介词，故后面跟v.ing形式。句意：邻居们把自己的空余时间用于帮助他人重建家园。32017江苏如东中学期中It happens that Im quite familiar with the professor _ (invite) to give us a speech on environmental protection next Monday.答案：to be invitedinvite与professor之间为被动关系，且根据next Monday可知，该动作发生在将来，故填to be invited。42017江苏盐城期中Difficult as part of the passage was _ (understand), I managed to catch hold of its meaning in the end.答案：to understand此处为“主语beadj.to do”结构应用于as引导的让步状语从句的倒装句中，形容词提前，其正常语序为：As part of the passage was difficult to understand, .，故填to understand。52017安徽合肥质检_(amaze) at his final score, he decided to treat himself to a big dinner.答案：Amazed此处应用其形容词化的过去分词作状语，意为“惊讶于”，故填Amazed，表状态。这是考生易出错的类型。62018浙江温州模拟This dr
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