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梁茂成梁茂成lWhat is procedural vocabulary?lHypotheses and methodologylDIY step by steplWrap-upWhat is procedural vocabularylGeneral strategic vocabulary consisting of lexical items which do not belong to any schema.lCommon core of vocabularylWith very little contentlAn important role in the elaboration of rhetorical functions related to the explanation of content.What is procedural vocabularylA frequency list Functional WordsProcedural VocabularySchematic VocabularyWhat is procedural vocabularylStudents require a procedural vocabulary which helps them understand the technical(i.e.,schematic)vocabulary;lProcedural vocabulary is very useful in establishing word meaning.lThe knowledge of how to negotiate the meaning of words vs.the knowledge that they have meaning in isolation from uselMarco(1999)identified 9 categories of procedural vocabulary,and listed the most commonly used PV items in English.What is procedural vocabularyHypotheses and methodology 1/3lNative speakers of English use more procedural vocabulary items in their written production than do EFL learners;lThe number of procedural vocabulary items in student writing correlates with the quality of their written production.Hypotheses and methodology 2/3lA list of procedural vocabulary items need to be created;lLearner texts and a native-speaker corpus need to be search for the number of procedural vocabulary items;lThe frequencies of procedural vocabulary items need to be entered into SPSS for correlation analysis.Hypotheses and methodology 3/3lData90 student compositions written by 90 university students across 4 years(28,037 tokens);The 90 student compositions were rated by 4 judges,and the average of their scores were used to represent the quality of the student essays;For the purpose of comparison,a collection of argumentative essays written by American university students was chosen as the reference corpus(from LOCNESS)(149,357 tokens).DIY step by stepMajor StepslList of procedural vocabulary(c:liangtoolspv.txt)lFile-based concordancingDIY step by steplCount the total number of procedural vocabulary items in NNS texts;lSave concordancing results as an Excel spreadsheetlOpen NS concordance(c:liangtoolsns_c)DIY step by steplOpen concordancing results in Excel;lCopy data in file column into SPSS for frequency analysis;lCopy results into data.sav as new variableDIY step by steplThe new variable is correlated with rater-assigned scores.Wrap-upCorrelationsCorrelations1.493*.0009090.493*1.0009090Pearson CorrelationSig.(2-tailed)NPearson CorrelationSig.(2-tailed)NscorePVscorePVCorrelation is significant at the 0.01 level(2-tailed).*.NSNSNNSNNSPV countsPV counts6788796Corpus sizeCorpus size14935728073Percentage of PVPercentage of PV4.55%2.84%Wrap-uplFile-based concordancing is more preferable when there is a large amount of data to process;lWordsmith Tools has a user-friendly interface with statistical tools such as Microsoft Excel and SPSS.Concordance1instructed Shirl Winter to compose a note of thanks to be posted on the call board.Bake w2and turned away without a smile or a word of thanks.Usually she marked the few who did th3 started out that way.And he had a feeling-thanks to the girl-that things would get wor4laugh.Guess I cant think of anyone,Pete.Thanks anyhow.A faint crease appeared betwe5son,his face worried.Scotty murmured,No,thanks,so softly his father had to bend his6gives the kind of thanks which are more than thanks:to them we are grateful beyond the po7ce.To all,the Foundation gives the kind of thanks which are more than thanks:to them we8ed by the two-step prepolymer method,today,thanks to new catalysts,they can be produced9sing it,I should like to record one vote of thanks to them for the clarity with which the10ing at her,I smiled a bleak one which said,Thanks,baby,but Id rather be alone.She wa11hrough an apartment building-Not a word of thanks for what Id already done.The receive12ntly had forgotten all about Mother Cabrini.Thanks to Letch Feeley and the terrible strai13rapping.It gave him a good feeling.M-m-m.Thanks,was her answer the next day.The not14m;Myra appreciated nothing.Jim had put the thanks in his sisters mouth.Darling-she 15announced,Guess Ill be going now,Ed,and thanks for the warmup.He strolled back to t16gs.Would you like a drink,or coffee?No,thanks.She stood up,pulled the coat from h17ut he hadnt come to Reno for stag dinners.Thanks,Owen said,but Friday is a long way18of criticisms about the changes here,giving thanks that her dear old father had gone to h19f my husband and myself,to send our eternal thanks to all the wonderful people responsibl20or travel are available in separate albums.Thanks to Spoken Arts Records,history buffs 21t be here to commend them at this time.Many thanks for a job well done.The Providence 22piece of the continent,a part of the main.Thanks to the generosity of Mr&Irving J&Fai2373,this remarkable record was still intact,thanks to his Thursday and Friday rounds of 624ee weather the game was clicked off in 1:48,thanks to only three bases on balls and some 25ge of the election,deserves the praise and thanks of the City of Atlanta for the manner26day to find the words to properly express my thanks to them.An alert 10-year-old safety 27 was privileged to see Mays four home runs,thanks to a new arrangement made by Bob Howsa100100 thanks!Example
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