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虚虚 拟拟 语语 气气概念：概念：虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种愿望、假设、或推测。而是一种愿望、假设、或推测。一、虚拟语气在一、虚拟语气在 if非真实条件句中非真实条件句中虚拟条件虚拟条件从句从句(If)主主 句句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假设反的假设与与过去过去事实相事实相反的假设反的假设与与将来将来事实相事实相反的假设反的假设 过去式过去式 be-wereshould/would/could/might+dohad doneshould/would/could/might+have done过去式（过去式（be-were）should dowere to doshould/would/could/might+doIf you had studied hard before,you would have passed the exam.（过去虚拟过去虚拟）1.1.如果我是你，我会接受他的建议（现在虚拟）如果我是你，我会接受他的建议（现在虚拟）2.2.如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。（将来虚拟）如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。（将来虚拟）3.3.如果你以前好好学习，如果你以前好好学习，你会通过考试的。你会通过考试的。If I were you,I would accept his advice.If it rained（should rain/were to rain）tomorrow,I would stay at home.You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _ so tired.drove;didnt get drove;wouldnt get were driving;wouldnt getA.had driven;wouldnt have got1.if从句中，从句中，省略省略if，were，had，should可以放在句可以放在句首，（用于倒装结构），首，（用于倒装结构），否定词否定词not不能不能放在放在前面。前面。1.If I were you,I would accept his advice.2.If it should rain tomorrow,I would stay at home.3.If you had studied hard before,you would have passed the exam.Had you studied hard before,Were I you,Should it rain tomorrow,._ it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will If it should rain tomorrow(省略if，用部分倒装）2.错综时间虚拟语气错综时间虚拟语气当当从句与主句时间不一致从句与主句时间不一致时时，动词的形式动词的形式要根要根据它所表示的时间作出据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。相应的调整。If you _(follow)my advice just now,you _(be)better now.If you _(study)hard before,you _(be)a college student now.had followedwould behad studiedwould beIf you _ with George earlier,you _ so angry now.talked;would not be had talked;would not be would talk;would not beA.had talked;would not have beenIf we had taken such effective measures much earlier,the river _ so seriously now.is not polluted would not be polluted had not been pollutedA.would not have been polluted3 3、含蓄虚拟语气、含蓄虚拟语气在虚拟语气中，并不总是出现在虚拟语气中，并不总是出现ifif引导的条件句，引导的条件句，而通过其它手段来代替条件句。而通过其它手段来代替条件句。常用的有常用的有otherwise，or，without，but for（倘没（倘没有，要不是）有，要不是）等。等。1.I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sports meeting.=If I hadnt been ill that day,I would have taken part in the sports meeting.2.He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would have known nothing about it.3.Without/But for your help,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.=If it had not been for your help,Without electricity,human being life _ quite different today.is will be would have beenA.would beBut for his help,I _.should not have succeeded have not succeeded did not succeedA.had not succeededHe hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball,otherwise he _ a goal.had scored scored would scoreA.would have scoredIt is strange that_.他居然会这样说，真是奇怪。他居然会这样说，真是奇怪。It is necessary that_.有必要派他去北京。有必要派他去北京。二、虚拟语气在二、虚拟语气在主语从句主语从句中的使用中的使用1，Its necessary/strange/natural/important/impossible that 主语主语+(should)+动词原形动词原形he(should)say sohe be sent to Beijing2.It is a pity/a shame/a surprise/no wonder that 主语+(should)+V原形It is a great pity that_.他居然会这样想，真是一件憾事。他居然会这样想，真是一件憾事。he(should)think so3.It is/was suggested/ordered/demanded/proposed/（1234）+that+主语主语+(should)+V原形原形Its suggested that the plan should be carried out.It is suggested that_.有人建议，晚会周六举行。有人建议，晚会周六举行。the party（should）beheld on Saturday 一个坚持一个坚持 insisted 两道命令两道命令 ordered,commanded 三条建议三条建议 advised,suggested,proposed四点要求四点要求 demanded,required,requested,desired It is required that you _ at six.will arrive B.arrive C.arrived D.would arrive2.It is strange that the lazy boy _ pass the exam.A.has B.should C.would D.might 3.It is necessary that our drinking water _ cleaner.A.should be made B.is made C.would be made D.was made三三.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在宾语从句宾语从句中的使用中的使用1.在在wish 引导的宾语从句中引导的宾语从句中与与现在现在事实相反事实相反 与与过去过去事实相反事实相反 与与将来将来 事实相反事实相反 过去时（过去时（were）过去完成时、过去完成时、had+donecould have done Should/would/could/might+动词原形动词原形I wish(that)he_(visit)us tomorrow.I wish(that)he_(visit)us today.I wish he_(visit)us yesterday.would visitvisitedhad visited I wish I _ the meeting last week.A.could attend B.attended C.have attended D.had attended2.在表示坚持，要求在表示坚持，要求,命令命令,建议的宾语从句中建议的宾语从句中一个坚持一个坚持 _ 两个命令两个命令 _ 三个建议三个建议 _ 四个要求四个要求 _ +that 主语主语+（should）+V原形原形The doctor suggested that he(should)try（try）to lose his weight.He insisted that we(should)tell（tell）him the news.insist order,command advise,suggest,propose demand,require,request,desire 注意：注意：suggest:表明，暗示表明，暗示 陈述语气陈述语气 建议建议 虚拟语气虚拟语气Her pale face suggested that she _（be)ill.Her friends suggested that she _(send)to hospital immediately.Insist：坚持说，坚持说，陈述语气陈述语气 坚持要求坚持要求 虚拟语气虚拟语气He insisted that he _(not steal)the money.He insisted that he _ (set)free.was(should)be senthadnt stolen(should)be set3.在在 would rather宁愿宁愿 would prefer would sooner +宾语从句中宾语从句中 had rather would as soon与与现在现在或或将来将来事实相反事实相反 过去时过去时 动词过去式动词过去式/were与与过去过去事实相反事实相反 过去完成时过去完成时 had doneI would rather you _(come)here now.I would rather you _(come)here tomorrow.I would rather you _(not tell)me the truth yesterday.camehadnt toldcame四、虚拟语气的其他用法四、虚拟语气的其他用法1.as if/as though（好像）（好像）+从句从句(与与wish一样一样)if only(要是要是就好了）就好了）If only I _(be)a birdIf only you _（listen)to our advice!If only I _ （be）a superstar some day.He looks as if he _an artist.He talked about the accident as if he _it.werehad listenedwould bewerehad seen2.It is(high/about)time+(that)从句从句 动词过去式动词过去式 should（不可省略不可省略）+do该是某人做某事的时候了。该是某人做某事的时候了。It is high time that you got up/should get up.Im getting tired;its time we _ home.A.go B.are going C.went D.should be going 3、在、在for fear that,in case,lest引导的从句中引导的从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：（，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：（should）+do。并且。并且should能省略（能省略（for fear that，lest），），in case不能省略不能省略 She examined the door again for fear that a thief _ (come)in.她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。He started out earlier lest he _ (be)late.他早早的就出发了以防迟到。(should)come(should)be 4、在、在so that/in order that 所引导的目的状语所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：从句中，从句中的谓语为：may(might)can(could)+do should He goes closer to the speaker so that he _him clearer.(hear)他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。He read the letter carefully in order that he _ a word.(miss)他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个字。can hearshould not miss 5.用于“May+主语+动词原形+其他”May you have a long and happy life！祝您快乐长寿！May you make greater progress!祝你取得更大进步！6.supposing /providing 假如，如果 even if /even through 即使 的虚拟与 if 相同 7.情态动词+have done (1)could/might have done 表示过去本来可以(能够)做某事，但实际上没有做到。(2)should(ought to)have done“本应该”，表示过去应该做而没做(3)neednt have done 必要做某事，但实际做了8.(1234)名词后定语从句-陈述语气 同位、表语从句虚拟语气
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