资源描述
高一化学物质的量知识点讲解化学计量在实验中的应用 国际单位制(SI)的7个基本单位 物理量的符号 单位名称及符号 长度 l(L) 米(m) 时间 秒(s) t 质量 千克(kg) m 温度 开尔文(K) T 发光强度 I(Iv) 坎德拉(cd) 电流 安培(A) I 物质的量 摩尔(mol) n 一、物质的量 1.定义:表示物质所含微粒多少的物理量，也表示含有一定数目粒子的集合体。 2.物质的量是以微观粒子为计量的对象。 3.物质的量的符号为“n”。 二、摩尔 1.物质的量的单位 单位,克,摩 符号,g,mol 数值:等于物质的原子量、分子量、原子团的式量。 2.符号是mol。 3.使用摩尔表示物质的量时，应该用化学式指明粒子的种类。 +例如:1molH表示mol氢原子，1mol H表示1mol氢分子(氢气)，1mol H表示1mol氢离子，2但如果说“1mol氢”就违反了使用标准，因为氢是元素名称，不是微粒名称，也不是微粒的符号或化学式。 4.计算公式: n=N/, n=m/M . 气体的摩尔体积 5单位物质的量的气体所占的体积，符号Vm。(提问:为什么液体、固体没有摩尔体积) n=V/Vm (标准状况下:Vm=22(,L/mol) 使用“物质的量”与“摩尔”时的注意事项 (1)物质的量 ?“物质的量”四个字是一个整体概念，不得简化或增添任何字，如不能说成“物质量”“物质的质量”或“物质的数量”等。 ?物质的量是七个基本物理量之一;同“时间”，“长度”等一样，其单位是摩尔(mol)。 ?物质的量表示的是微观粒子或微观粒子的特定组合的集合体，不适用于宏观物质，如1 mol苹果的说法是错误的。 ?物质的量中所指粒子包括分子、原子、离子、质子、中子、电子、原子团等微观粒子side of road subgrade 2m. Direct-buried cable upper and lower should be covered with not less than 100mm thick layer of soft soil or sand, and affix the protection, the coverage should be wider than 50mm on each side of the cable, cover plate can be used to protect concrete or brick. Direct-buried cable in line every 50-100 meters, cable turns should be appreciable bearing flags or stakes. Direct-buried cable prior to backfill, shall be subject to acceptance of concealed work before they can be filled. 4.1.5 4.1.5.1 factory of making cable terminal cable mainly in the low-voltage cable head, dry Pack, its production should strictly abide by the production process. 4.1.5.2 should check the insulation before the first cable production qualified, low-voltage power cables with 1000V shake table, its insulation value should not be less than the specified value. 4.1.5.3 making cable head, cut from the Strip begins continuous operation until the completion of the cable, reducing insulation exposure time, strip-cut cables, insulation should not damage conductors and reservations. The armored power cable and control cable shield should be connected to a good shall not be interrupted, and . Correctly positioned, vertical clearance shall be distributed evenly per shell bus and the shell should be concentric, the error shall not exceed 5mm, segments and segment connection, two adjacent bus and enclosure, after connecting bus and enclosure should not be subject to mechanical stress. Short circuit between phases of the shell plate is correctly positioned, good connection between support plates shall be mounted firmly, insulation Grade insulation shell should be made. 4.1.11 the installation of explosion-proof electrical equipment 4.1.11.1 rectisol wash unit area, tank farm and other explosion-proof areas, the electrical installation shall be carried out as explosion-proof requirements. 4.1.11.2 electrical installations 或微观粒子的特定组合(如NaCl、NaSO等)。 24(2)摩尔 使用摩尔作单位时必须用化学式指明粒子的种类，如1 mol H表示1摩尔氢原子，1 mol ，H表示1摩尔氢分子，1 mol H表示1摩尔氢离子。不能说1 mol氢，应该说1 mol氢原子2(或分子或离子)。 2(阿伏加德罗常数N A,1阿伏加德罗常数是一个物理量，单位是mol，而不是纯数。 23不能误认为N就是6.0210。 A23例如:1mol O中约含有个6.0210氧分子 2242mol C中约含有1.20410个碳原子 231mol HSO中约含有6.0210硫酸分子 2423+23-1.5mol NaOH中约含有9.0310个Na和9.0310个OH; 23n mol某微粒集合体中所含微粒数约为n6.0210。 由以上举例可以得知:物质的量、阿伏伽德罗常数以及微粒数之间存在什么样的关系式, 由以上内容可以看出，物质的量与微粒数之间存在正比例关系。如果用n表示物质的量，NA表示阿伏伽德罗常数，N表示微粒数，三者之间的关系是:N = n?N,由此可以推知n = N/NAA N= N/n A 3(摩尔质量与相对原子质量、相对分子质量的区别与联系 摩尔质量(M) 相对原子质量 相对分子质量 12?单位物质的量的物质?一个原子的质量与C?化学式中各元素相对概念 所具有的质量;?单位是的1/12作比较，所得的原子质量之和;?单位:单位 g/mol或kg/mol 比值;?单位:无 无 摩尔质量以g/mol为单位时，在数值上等于其相对分子质量或相对原子质量;联系 混合物组成一定时，1 mol 混合物的质量在数值上就是该混合物的摩尔质量，在数值上等于该混合物的平均相对分子质量 特别提醒 ?1 mol任何粒子的质量以克为单位时，在数值上都与该粒子的相对原子质量或相对分子质量相等。 ?“摩尔质量在数值上一定等于该物质的相对分子质量或相对原子质量”。这句话对否,为什么, ,1,1,1不对。因为摩尔质量的单位有g?mol或kg?mol等，只有以g?mol为单位时，在数值上才与微观粒子的相对原子质量或相对分子质量相等。 ?两种原子的质量之比与其相对原子质量之比有何关系,为什么, 12相等。因为任何一种原子的相对原子质量，都是以C质量的1/12为标准所得的比值。所以，任何原子的质量之比，就等于它们的相对原子质量之比。 4(物质的量n、质量m、粒子数目N之间的关系 计算关系 主要应用 注意事项 side of road subgrade 2m. Direct-buried cable upper and lower should be covered with not less than 100mm thick layer of soft soil or sand, and affix the protection, the coverage should be wider than 50mm on each side of the cable, cover plate can be used to protect concrete or brick. Direct-buried cable in line every 50-100 meters, cable turns should be appreciable bearing flags or stakes. Direct-buried cable prior to backfill, shall be subject to acceptance of concealed work before they can be filled. 4.1.5 4.1.5.1 factory of making cable terminal cable mainly in the low-voltage cable head, dry Pack, its production should strictly abide by the production process. 4.1.5.2 should check the insulation before the first cable production qualified, low-voltage power cables with 1000V shake table, its insulation value should not be less than the specified value. 4.1.5.3 making cable head, cut from the Strip begins continuous operation until the completion of the cable, reducing insulation exposure time, strip-cut cables, insulation should not damage conductors and reservations. The armored power cable and control cable shield should be connected to a good shall not be interrupted, and . Correctly positioned, vertical clearance shall be distributed evenly per shell bus and the shell should be concentric, the error shall not exceed 5mm, segments and segment connection, two adjacent bus and enclosure, after connecting bus and enclosure should not be subject to mechanical stress. Short circuit between phases of the shell plate is correctly positioned, good connection between support plates shall be mounted firmly, insulation Grade insulation shell should be made. 4.1.11 the installation of explosion-proof electrical equipment 4.1.11.1 rectisol wash unit area, tank farm and other explosion-proof areas, the electrical installation shall be carried out as explosion-proof requirements. 4.1.11.2 electrical installations 式(公式) ,1有单位:mol ?NA中，已知任意?求n或N时，概念性问题在n、N和NANn, NA两项求第三项 用N;数字性问题用A23,16.0210 mol ?在M、n和m中，已知任意M的单位取g/mol时，m的单mM, 两项求第三项 位取g;M的单位取kg/moln?先求M，后求M 时，m的单位取kg r、M和N中，已?重视n在m和N之间的桥?在m、NA?Mm n 知任意三项求第四项 梁作用 MNA?以n恒等列代数方程式解?与N有关的问题莫忽视微 N ?NA决较复杂的问题 粒的组成和种类 质量、物质的量、摩尔质量、阿伏伽德罗常数、粒子数之间的关系 M N A质量 物质的量 粒子数 ,m, ?M ,n, N ? ,N, A重难点二、气体摩尔体积 1(气体摩尔体积的适用范围 气体摩尔体积的适用范围是气态物质，可以是单一气体，也可以是混合气体，如0.2 mol H与0.8 mol O的混合气体在标准状况下的体积约为22.4 L。 222(气体摩尔体积的数值 (1)气体摩尔体积的数值与温度和压强有关 ,1(2)标准状况下任何气体的气体摩尔体积为22.4 L?mol ,1,1(3)非标准状况下气体摩尔体积可能是22.4 L?mol，也可能不是22.4 L?mol。1 mol气体的体积若为22.4 L，它所处的状况不一定是标准状况，如气体在273?和202 kPa时，Vm,1为22.4 L?mol。 ,1特别提醒 利用22.4 L?mol计算或判断时一定要看清气体所处的状况。常出现的错误: ?忽视物质在标准状况下的状态是否为气态如水在标准状况下为液态计算该条件下,1的体积时不能应用22.4 L?mol。 ?忽视气体所处的状态是否为标准状况如“常温常压下2 mol O的体积为44.8 L”的2,1说法是错误的因常温常压下气体摩尔体积不是22.4 L?mol。 side of road subgrade 2m. Direct-buried cable upper and lower should be covered with not less than 100mm thick layer of soft soil or sand, and affix the protection, the coverage should be wider than 50mm on each side of the cable, cover plate can be used to protect concrete or brick. Direct-buried cable in line every 50-100 meters, cable turns should be appreciable bearing flags or stakes. Direct-buried cable prior to backfill, shall be subject to acceptance of concealed work before they can be filled. 4.1.5 4.1.5.1 factory of making cable terminal cable mainly in the low-voltage cable head, dry Pack, its production should strictly abide by the production process. 4.1.5.2 should check the insulation before the first cable production qualified, low-voltage power cables with 1000V shake table, its insulation value should not be less than the specified value. 4.1.5.3 making cable head, cut from the Strip begins continuous operation until the completion of the cable, reducing insulation exposure time, strip-cut cables, insulation should not damage conductors and reservations. The armored power cable and control cable shield should be connected to a good shall not be interrupted, and . Correctly positioned, vertical clearance shall be distributed evenly per shell bus and the shell should be concentric, the error shall not exceed 5mm, segments and segment connection, two adjacent bus and enclosure, after connecting bus and enclosure should not be subject to mechanical stress. Short circuit between phases of the shell plate is correctly positioned, good connection between support plates shall be mounted firmly, insulation Grade insulation shell should be made. 4.1.11 the installation of explosion-proof electrical equipment 4.1.11.1 rectisol wash unit area, tank farm and other explosion-proof areas, the electrical installation shall be carried out as explosion-proof requirements. 4.1.11.2 electrical installations 3(气体体积与其他物理量的关系 (1)标准状况下气体体积的计算 V=22.4 L?mol-1?n (2)标准状况下气体密度 4(阿伏加德罗定律及推论 (1)阿伏加德罗定律的内容 同温同压下相同体积的任何气体都含有相同数目的分子。 ?适用范围:任何气体，可以是单一气体，也可以是混合气体。 ?“四同”定律:同温、同压、同体积、同分子数中只要有“三同”则必有第“四同”。即“三同定一同”。 (2)阿伏加德罗定律的推论: ?同温、同压:气体的体积与物质的量成正比 ?同温、同压:气体的密度与摩尔质量成正比 ?同温、同压、同体积:气体的质量与摩尔质量成正比 特别提醒 ?标准状况下的气体摩尔体积是22.4 L?mol-1，是阿伏加德罗定律的一个特例。 ?以上推论只适用于气体(包括混合气体)，公式不能死记硬背，要在理解的基础上加以运用。 5(求气体摩尔质量的常用方法 (1)根据标准状况下气体密度() M=22.4 (2)根据气体的相对密度(D=1/2) M1/M2=D 说明 气体的相对密度是指在同温同压下两种气体的密度之比即。 side of road subgrade 2m. Direct-buried cable upper and lower should be covered with not less than 100mm thick layer of soft soil or sand, and affix the protection, the coverage should be wider than 50mm on each side of the cable, cover plate can be used to protect concrete or brick. Direct-buried cable in line every 50-100 meters, cable turns should be appreciable bearing flags or stakes. Direct-buried cable prior to backfill, shall be subject to acceptance of concealed work before they can be filled. 4.1.5 4.1.5.1 factory of making cable terminal cable mainly in the low-voltage cable head, dry Pack, its production should strictly abide by the production process. 4.1.5.2 should check the insulation before the first cable production qualified, low-voltage power cables with 1000V shake table, its insulation value should not be less than the specified value. 4.1.5.3 making cable head, cut from the Strip begins continuous operation until the completion of the cable, reducing insulation exposure time, strip-cut cables, insulation should not damage conductors and reservations. The armored power cable and control cable shield should be connected to a good shall not be interrupted, and . Correctly positioned, vertical clearance shall be distributed evenly per shell bus and the shell should be concentric, the error shall not exceed 5mm, segments and segment connection, two adjacent bus and enclosure, after connecting bus and enclosure should not be subject to mechanical stress. Short circuit between phases of the shell plate is correctly positioned, good connection between support plates shall be mounted firmly, insulation Grade insulation shell should be made. 4.1.11 the installation of explosion-proof electrical equipment 4.1.11.1 rectisol wash unit area, tank farm and other explosion-proof areas, the electrical installation shall be carried out as explosion-proof requirements. 4.1.11.2 electrical installations m(3)根据物质的量(n)与物质的质量(m) M= n(4)根据一定质量(m)物质中的微粒数(N)和阿伏加德罗常数(N) M=N.m/N AA(5)根据化学方程式结合质量守恒定律 (6)混合气体平均摩尔质量 【(4)】仍然成立;?还可以用下式计算: M=M1a%+M2b%+M3c% M1、M2、M3分别表示混合气体中各组成成分的摩尔质量，a%、b%、c%分别表示各组成成分所占混合气体的体积分数(即物质的量分数)。 重难点三、物质的量在化学实验中的应用 1(物质的量浓度概念的理解 n(B)在公式c(B),中 V(B)(1)溶质是用物质的量表示而不是质量表示;体积表示溶液的体积，而不表示溶剂的体积，并且体积单位为L。 (2)带结晶水的物质溶于水后，溶质是不含结晶水的化合物，溶剂中的水包括结晶水。 (3)从一定物质的量浓度溶液中取出任意体积的溶液，物质的量浓度不变，但随溶液体积的变化溶质的物质的量不同。 (4)气体溶于一定体积的水中，溶液的体积不等于溶剂的体积而应根据溶液密度和溶液质量求算。 (5)若浓溶液稀释或浓度差别较大的溶液混合，混合后溶液的总体积比原来的体积之和小。 2(辨析比较 物质的量浓度与溶液溶质的质量分数 内容 物质的量浓度 质量分数 以单位体积溶液里含有溶质的物质用溶质质量与溶液质量之比来表示定义 的量来表示溶液组成 溶液组成 溶质的 mol g 单位 溶液的 L g 单位 side of road subgrade 2m. Direct-buried cable upper and lower should be covered with not less than 100mm thick layer of soft soil or sand, and affix the protection, the coverage should be wider than 50mm on each side of the cable, cover plate can be used to protect concrete or brick. Direct-buried cable in line every 50-100 meters, cable turns should be appreciable bearing flags or stakes. Direct-buried cable prior to backfill, shall be subject to acceptance of concealed work before they can be filled. 4.1.5 4.1.5.1 factory of making cable terminal cable mainly in the low-voltage cable head, dry Pack, its production should strictly abide by the production process. 4.1.5.2 should check the insulation before the first cable production qualified, low-voltage power cables with 1000V shake table, its insulation value should not be less than the specified value. 4.1.5.3 making cable head, cut from the Strip begins continuous operation until the completion of the cable, reducing insulation exposure time, strip-cut cables, insulation should not damage conductors and reservations. The armored power cable and control cable shield should be connected to a good shall not be interrupted, and . Correctly positioned, vertical clearance shall be distributed evenly per shell bus and the shell should be concentric, the error shall not exceed 5mm, segments and segment connection, two adjacent bus and enclosure, after connecting bus and enclosure should not be subject to mechanical stress. Short circuit between phases of the shell plate is correctly positioned, good connection between support plates shall be mounted firmly, insulation Grade insulation shell should be made. 4.1.11 the installation of explosion-proof electrical equipment 4.1.11.1 rectisol wash unit area, tank farm and other explosion-proof areas, the electrical installation shall be carried out as explosion-proof requirements. 4.1.11.2 electrical installations 物质的量浓度 质量分数, ,1计算 (mol?L), 溶质的质量(g)公式 100% 溶质的物质的量(mol)溶液的质量(g) 溶液的体积(L),1物质的量浓度(mol?L), 两者的 ,11 000 mL溶液的密度(g?mL)质量分数关系 ,1溶质的摩尔质量(g?mol)1 L3.容量瓶使用注意事项 (1)按所配溶液的体积选择合适规格的容量瓶 选择容量瓶必须指明规格，其规格应与所配溶液的体积相等。如果不等，应选择略大于,1此体积的容量瓶，如配制500 mL1 mol?L的NaCl溶液应选择500 mL容量瓶，若需要480 mL上述溶液，因无480 mL容量瓶，也选择500 mL容量瓶，配500 mL溶液所需溶质的物质的量应按配制500 mL溶液计算。 (2)容量瓶使用前一定要检验是否漏液 方法是:向容量瓶中注入少量水，塞紧玻璃塞，用手指按住瓶塞，另一只手按住瓶底倒转容量瓶，一段时间后观察瓶塞处是否有液体渗出，若无液体渗出，将其放正，把玻璃塞旋转180?，再倒转观察。 (3)不能将固体或浓溶液直接在容量瓶中溶解或稀释，容量瓶不能作反应器，不能加热，也不能久贮溶液。 (4)配制好的溶液应及时转移到试剂瓶中，并贴上标签。 4(一定物质的量浓度溶液配制过程中的注意事项 (1)向容量瓶中注入液体时，应沿玻璃棒注入，以防液体溅至瓶外。 (2)不能在容量瓶中溶解溶质，溶液注入容量瓶前要恢复到室温。 (3)容量瓶上只有一个刻度线，读数时要使视线、容量瓶刻度线与溶液凹液面的最低点相切。 (4)如果加水定容时超过刻度线或转移液体时溶液洒到容量瓶外，均应重新配制。 不能再加蒸馏水。 (5)定容后再盖上容量瓶塞摇匀后出现液面低于刻度线，(6)称量NaOH等易潮解和强腐蚀性的药品，不能放在纸上称量，应放在小烧杯里称量。若稀释浓HSO，需在烧杯中加少量蒸馏水再缓缓加入浓HSO，并用玻璃棒搅拌。 24245(配制一定物质的量浓度溶液的误差分析 n(B)一般是依据实验原理，对实验结果的数学表达式进行分析(属于公式法)。c(B),Vm。c(B)的误差取决于m和V的值是否准确。以配制一定物质的量浓度的NaOH溶液为例M?V分析以下操作: side of road subgrade 2m. Direct-buried cable upper and lower should be covered with not less than 100mm thick layer of soft soil or sand, and affix the protection, the coverage should be wider than 50mm on each side of the cable, cover plate can be used to protect concrete or brick. Direct-buried cable in line every 50-100 meters, cable turns should be appreciable bearing flags or stakes. Direct-buried cable prior to backfill, shall be subject to acceptance of concealed work before they can be filled. 4.1.5 4.1.5.1 factory of making cable terminal cable mainly in the low-voltage cable head, dry Pack, its production should strictly abide by the production process. 4.1.5.2 should check the insulation before the first cable production qualified, low-voltage power cables with 1000V shake table, its insulation value should not be less than the specified value. 4.1.5.3 making cable head, cut from the Strip begins continuous operation until the completion of the cable, reducing insulation exposure time, strip-cut cables, insulation should not damage conductors and reservations. The armored power cable and control cable shield should be connected to a good shall not be interrupted, and . Correctly positioned, vertical clearance shall be distributed evenly per shell bus and the shell should be concentric, the error shall not exceed 5mm, segments and segment connection, two adjacent bus and enclosure, after connecting bus and enclosure should not be subject to mechanical stress. Short circuit between phases of the shell plate is correctly positioned, good connection between support plates shall be mounted firmly, insulation Grade insulation shell should be made. 4.1.11 the installation of explosion-proof electrical equipment 4.1.11.1 rectisol wash unit area, tank farm and other explosion-proof areas, the electrical installation shall be carried out as explosion-proof requirements. 4.1.11.2 electrical installations 能引起误差的一些操作 过程分析 对c 的影m V 响 称量时间过长 减小 不变 偏低 用滤纸称NaOH 减小 不变 偏低 向容量瓶注液时少量流出 减小 不变 偏低 未洗烧杯和玻璃棒 减小 不变 偏低 定容时，水加多后用滴管吸出 减少 不变 偏低 定容摇匀时液面下降再加水 不变 增大 偏低 定容时俯视读数(读刻度) 不变 减小 偏高 定容时仰视读刻度 不变 增大 偏低 方法引导 定容误差的判断方法 定容的目标是容量瓶的容积相关主要方法是以平视式、以容量瓶的刻度线为目标、观察液面与刻度的位置关系标准是液面的最低点与刻度线齐平时液体体积恰好等于容量瓶的容积。 (A)仰视式观察溶液体积偏大。如图(a) (B)俯视式观察溶液体积偏小。如图(b) 6(关于物质的量浓度的计算 (1)溶液的稀释与混合 ?稀释 溶质的质量不变c1V1=c2V2 c1、c2和V1、V2分别表示稀释前后溶液的物质的量浓度和体积 a(稀溶液稀释时V2=VH2O+V1 b(浓溶液稀释时V2?VH2O+V1 ?混合 c1V1+c2V2=c混V混 a(混合后溶液体积V混=V1+V2(两溶液浓度相同或差别较小或稀溶液混合) ，VmV混1122b(混合物溶液体积改变V,(两溶液浓度差别较大) 混混混c、c，、，V、V分别表示混合前同一溶质溶液的物质的量浓度、密度、体积，121212c、V表示混合溶液的物质的量浓度、密度、体积 混混混side of road subgrade 2m. Direct-buried cable upper and lower should be covered with not less than 100mm thick layer of soft soil or sand, and affix the protection, the coverage should be wider than 50mm on each side of the cable, cover plate can be used to protect concrete or brick. Direct-buried cable in line every 50-100 meters, cable turns should be appreciable bearing flags or stakes. Direct-buried cable prior to backfill, shall be subject to acceptance of concealed work before they can be filled. 4.1.5 4.1.5.1 factory of making cable terminal cable mainly in the low-voltage cable head, dry Pack, its production should strictly abide by the production process. 4.1.5.2 should check the insulation before the first cable production qualified, low-voltage power cables with 1000V shake table, its insulation value should not be less than the specified value. 4.1.5.3 making cable head, cut from the Strip begins continuous operation until the completion of the cable, reducing insulation exposure time, strip-cut cables, insulation should not damage conductors and reservations. The armored power cable and control cable shield should be connected to a good shall not be interrupted, and . Correctly positioned, vertical clearance shall be distributed evenly per shell bus and the shell should be concentric, the error shall not exceed 5mm, segments and segment connection, two adjacent bus and enclosure, after connecting bus and enclosure should not be subject to mechanical stress. Short circuit between phases of the shell plate is correctly positioned, good connection between support plates shall be mounted firmly, insulation Grade insulation shell should be made. 4.1.11 the installation of explosion-proof electrical equipment 4.1.11.1 rectisol wash unit area, tank farm and other explosion-proof areas, the electrical installation shall be carried out as explosion-proof requirements. 4.1.11.2 electrical installations (2)物质的量浓度c(B)与溶质质量分数(w)的换算 ,1,1)(g?mL)w1 000(mL?Lc(B), ,1M(g?mol),1M:溶质B的摩尔质量 :溶液密度(g?mL) 推导方法 设溶液为1 L，则 ,11,1(g?mL)1 000 mLw1 000(mL?L)?(g?mL)wn(B)?c(B), ,1,1VM(g?mol)M(g?mol)1 L,1,1M)1 LM(g?mol)nc(B)(mol?Lm(B)(B)?w,100%,1,1m(溶液)1 000 mL(g?mL)(g?mL)1 000 mL100%, ,1,1c(B)(mol?L)M(g?mol) ,1,11000(mL?L)?(g?mL)(3)饱和溶液物质的量浓度与溶解度(S)的换算 ,1,11 000(mL?L)?(g?mL)?S(g)c(B), ,1(S，100)(g)?M(g?mol),1:饱和溶液密度(g?mL) M:溶质B的摩尔质量 ,1(g?mol) 注 只适用于饱和溶液中的换算 推导方法 设溶剂为100 g，则B为S g，溶液为(100，S)g (g)S,1M(g?mol)n(B)c(B), V(100，S)g,3,1L?mL10,1(g?mL),1,11000(mL?L)?(g?mL)?S(g) ,1(100，S)(g)?M(g?mol)(4)标准状况下气体溶于水所得溶液的物质的量浓度 标准状况下，V L气体溶于V(HO)L中，所得溶液密度为 2,1(g?mL)则: V L?气体的物质的量: ,122.4 L?molm(g)溶液,3,1?溶液体积:V,L?mL 10,1(g?mL)n?根据c,知 V(溶液),1,11000(mL?L)?(g?mL)?V(L)c, ,1,1M(g?mol)?V(L)，2240
展开阅读全文