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八、词句猜测句意理解题,专题三第二节分类突破,真题感悟,名师点津,内容索引,随堂限时练,真题感悟,(2018扬州一模) Competition is an ideology(意识形态) that spreads all over our society and misleads our thinking.But it means no profits for anybody，no meaningful differentiation，and a struggle for survival.We advocate petition，see it as necessary，and set its laws；and as a result，we trap ourselves within itthe more we pete，the less we gain.,Our educational system both drives and reflects our craze for petition.Grades alone are precise measurement of each students petitiveness；pupils with the highest marks receive status and credits.And it gets worse as students rise to higher levels of the tournament.Higher education is the place where people who had big plans in high school get stuck in fierce petition with equally smart peers over conventional careers like management consulting and investment banking.For the privilege of being turning into conformists(顺从者)，students (or their families) pay hundreds of thousands of dollars in rapidly rising tuition.Why are we doing this to ourselves?,I wish I had asked myself when I was younger.My path was so tracked that in my 8th-grade yearbook，one of my friends predictedaccuratelythat four years later I would enter Stanford.And I enrolled at Stanford Law School，where I peted even harder for the standard badges(徽章) of success.The highest prize in a law students world is unambiguous：the Supreme Court clerkship.I was so close to winning this last petition.If only I got the clerkship，I thought，I would be set for life.But I didnt.At the time，I was frustrated.,In 2004，after I had built and sold PayPal，I ran into an old friend who had helped me prepare for my failed clerkship applications.We hadnt spoken in nearly a decade.His first words to me were not “Hi Peter” or “How are you doing？” But rather，“So，arent you glad you didnt get that clerkship？” Because if I hadnt lost that last petition，we both knew that I never would have left the track laid down since middle school.Had I actually clerked on the Supreme Court，I probably would have spent my entire career taking depositions or drafting other peoples business deals instead of creating anything new.Its hard to say how much would be different，but the opportunity costs were enormous.,语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。作者用自己的事例阐述了一个人不应该盲目地随大流，而应该有自己的目标和计划。,Looking back at my ambition to bee a lawyer，it looks less like a plan for the future and more like an excuse for the present.It was a way to explain to anyone who would askto my parents，to my peers，and most of all to myselfthat there was no need to worry.I was perfectly on track.But it turned out that my biggest problem was taking the track without thinking really hard about where it was going.,语篇解读,1.Students pete at school because . A.they are assessed by grades B.they are under peer pressure C.they want to find a secure job D.the tuition increases quickly,解析细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“Higher education is the place where people who had big plans in high school get stuck in fierce petition with equally smart peers over conventional careers like management consulting and investment banking.”可知，学生在学校竞争是为了以后找到一份稳定的工作。,答案,解析,2.We can learn from Paragraph 3 that the writer . A.didnt have a clear plan for future B.did badly in study in the 8th grade C.wasnt a capable student in college D.didnt want to obtain the clerkship,解析推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“I wish I had asked myself when I was younger.”可知，作者很后悔当初没有弄清楚为什么要这样做，由此可知当时他对未来缺乏清晰的规划。,答案,解析,3.The underlined sentence “the opportunity costs were enormous” (in Paragraph 4) shows the writer . A.is unsure whether his choice is correct B.regrets failing clerkship applications C.is happy about not getting the clerkship D.thinks he could have had a better career,解析句意理解题。根据第四段中的“Had I actually clerked on the Supreme Court，I probably would.Its hard to say how much would be different，but the opportunity costs were enormous.”可知，作者对于没有成为最高法院的职员是感到高兴的。,答案,解析,4.The writer shares his life story mainly to argue that . A.people shouldnt support petition B.grades cannot reflect students ability C.failure can be a good thing sometimes D.we shouldnt follow other people blindly,解析写作意图题。根据最后一段最后一句“But it turned out that my biggest problem was taking the track without thinking really hard about where it was going.”可知，作者分享这个故事的目的是告诉人们不要盲目地跟随他人，而应该有自己的目标和计划。,答案,解析,名师点津,一、题型解读 记叙文、说明文和议论文中可能会考查句意猜测题。要求考生用合适的语句解释一个具有概括性的句子或格言谚语。设问形式常有： 1.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means “ ”. 2.Which of the following best explains the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?,二、解题技巧“意义吻合”定句意,一定位,二分析,三归纳,返回原文，定位画线句，利用语法和逻辑关 系准确分析原句 分析理解画线句前后语境，合理推断句意 归纳总结，找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项,例如：【感悟体会】中第3题： 第一步：速读文章，并标出文章中与画线句子相关的句子 (1)Had I actually clerked on the Supreme Court，I probably would have spent my entire career taking depositions or drafting other peoples business deals instead of creating anything new. (2)Its hard to say how much would be different，but the opportunity costs were enormous.,第二步：对比信息句、画线句和选项，确定答案 由第(1)句话可知，要是作者成为最高法院的职员，一辈子就不会有所创新了。第(2)句话的意思是“很难说有什么不同，但是这个机会成本是巨大的”。由此可推知作者对于没有成为最高法院的职员是感到高兴的。,随堂限时练,A (2018湖南郴州质检) 6Companion planting is the idea that when some crops are planted together，they help each other grow.These 1patible plants generally have similar needs for nutrients，soil and 2moisture. Advice for panion planting is sometimes based more on tradition than proof. But Fabian Fernandez at the University of Illinois says there is evidence for some binations.These can lead to better crops，reduce disease and help with pest control by attracting helpful insects.,For example，some kinds of soil bacteria take nitrogen(氮) from the air and make a form that plants can use.The plants keep the nitrogen in their roots.Legumes(豆类) are especially good at this.Any crops sharing the same space can get the nitrogen as the roots depose(腐烂).,Crops like beans and potatoes，carrots and cabbages，beans and rice can also share territory well because their roots reach different levels in the soil.Deep-rooted vegetables get nutrients and moisture from lower down，so they do not pete with shallower plants.But some plants placed together may harm each others development.For example，tomatoes do not like wet soil but watercress does，as the name suggests.So you would probably not want to put them together.,Even after harvest，some kinds of produce should be kept apart.Apples，for example，release ethylene gas，a plant 3hormone.It can cause other foods to ripen(成熟) too quickly.Markets often separate high ethylene-producing foods from those that are sensitive to the gas.But sometimes you might want them together.For example，if you put an apple in a bag with a green banana，the banana will be ready to eat sooner.,Now what about peaches，plums and nectarines that are too firm to eat? Growers in California answer this question at eatcaliforniafruit.They say an apple，a banana or a riper piece of fruit is not needed.The peaches，plums and nectarines themselves release enough of the gas to ripen successfully.,Heres their advice：place the fruit in a fruit bowl or in a paper bag with the top folded over.Keep the fruit at room temperature.When the fruit is soft enough to your liking，either use it or place it in a refrigerator to stop further ripening.,语篇解读本文介绍了兼容种植的原理和方法。兼容种植是指当一些作物被种植在一起时，它们互相帮助生长。,语篇解读,1.What are the basic needs for panion planting? A.Good old panions. B.Some kinds of soil bacteria. C.Similar needs for nutrients，soil and moisture. D.Helpful insects.,解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“These patible plants generally have similar needs for nutrients，soil and moisture.”可知，兼容模式种植的基本要求是对“nutrients，soil and moisture”有相似的需求。故答案为C。,答案,解析,2.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A.4To some extent，panion planting relies more on traditional experience. B.In the field of panion planting，proof always speaks louder than tradition. C.Traditional experience is much less reliable than scientific experiments. D.Scientific researches have thrown light on the theory of panion planting.,答案,解析,解析句意理解题。画线句子的意思是在某种程度上，兼容种植更多地依赖于传统经验。故选A。,解析细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“For example，tomatoes do not like wet soil but watercress does，as the name suggests.So you would probably not want to put them together.”可知，西红柿和豆瓣菜不适合在一起种植。故答案为B。,3.According to the text，which group of plants are not suitable to be planted together? A.Beans and potatoes. B.Tomatoes and watercress. C.Carrots and cabbages. D.Beans and rice.,答案,解析,4.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A.We should choose fruit from markets as often as possible. B.The peaches，plums and nectarines should always be put together to get riper. C.The fruit in a fruit bowl or in a paper bag should be eaten as soon as possible. D.We should not place any ripening fruit out in direct sunlight.,答案,解析,解析推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，我们应当把水果放在水果碗里或纸袋里。保持水果在室温下，当水果柔软到你喜欢的程度的时候，要么用掉它要么放到冰箱里。由此可推知我们不应该把任何成熟的水果放在阳光直射的地方。故选D。,B After four silent years，the 27-year-old British singer Adele Adkins has finally introduced herself to the world again with Hello，the opening song from her third album 25，which will 8e out on Nov.20. Although Adele is a very successful singer now，music wasnt always what she saw herself doing.At age 10，when she saw her grandmothers pain over the death of Adeles grandfather，she 7pictured herself as a heart surgeon.,“I wanted to fix peoples hearts，” she told the UK music website i-D，remembering the childhood interest shed had in biology classes until she found out that her real talent was for singing. Adele didnt go to medical school，but many would agree that she still has healing(治愈) powers.“Her songs find the kind of memory every listener holds somewhere in their heart.This kind of feeling is what people have always liked in Adele，” said The Telegraph.“She writes a pop diary，sharing the simple secrets of her heart.”,Most successful pop stars make albums at a fast pace，but not Adele.After her second album 21 won the 2012 Grammy Award for Album of the Year，she made it clear with her label that she would spend “four or five years” making her next album.She told Vogue magazine，“I wont e out with new music until its better than 21.” Instead of seeking 5fame，Adele remained silent and moved to the countryside.In her free time，she loved to watch TV series Teen Mom，American Horror Story，and The Walking Dead.,语篇解读本文主要讲述了英国著名歌手阿黛尔在音乐上取得成功的秘密。),Living life as normally as possible is important to the singers art.“Nobody wants to listen to a record from someone whos not living in the real world，” Adele told i-D.“So I live a low-key life for my fans.”,语篇解读,5.What does the text mainly tell us? A.The popularity of Adeles album 25. B.The healing powers of Adeles music. C.The secrets of Adeles success in music. D.The reason for Adeles being a singer.,解析主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后三段可推知，本文主要讲述了阿黛尔在音乐上取得成功的秘密。故选C。,答案,解析,6.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A.Adele wasnt interested in music. B.Adele wasnt good at music at first. C.Music wasnt very important in Adeles life. D.Music wasnt all Adele wanted to be devoted to.,解析句意理解题。根据第二段末句可知，10岁时，当阿黛尔看到祖父的去世给祖母带来的伤痛时，她想成为一名外科医生，减轻别人的痛苦。由此可推知，音乐并不是阿黛尔想要的全部。故选D。,答案,解析,7.Why doesnt Adele want to make albums at a fast pace? A.To live a low-key life. B.To win the Grammy Award. C.To guarantee the quality of her music. D.To share the secrets of her heart as a musician.,解析推理判断题。根据第五段中的“She told Vogue magazine，I wont e out with new music until its better than 21.” 并结合最后两段的整体内容可推知，阿黛尔放慢做音乐的速度是为了追求高质量的音乐。故选C。,答案,解析,8.What can we know about Adele? A.Her album Hello will e out on Nov.20. B.She has kept a diary since childhood. C.She moved to the countryside before 2012. D.Her works are based on real life.,解析细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句“Nobody wants to listen to a record from someone whos not living in the real world， Adele told i-D.So I live a low-key life for my fans.”可知，阿黛尔的音乐作品基于真实的生活。故选D。,答案,解析,素材提炼再拓展,做完以上两篇阅读后，巧妙运用语境，解决障碍词和长难句,.障碍词汇突破 (一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思 1.Today there are lots of smartphone apps to choose.But theyre all different and not patible with other smartphone operating systems. 2.They require little water，perhaps because they obtain much of their moisture from their food. _,兼容的,水分,3.A hormone is a chemical，usually occurring naturally in your body，that makes an organ of your body do something._ 4.Do you think your happiness is tied，at least to some extent，to your financial situation？_ 5.She was one of the most popular stars of our time and she could sit back and enjoy her fame and fortune. _ (二)同义词语替换 6.Although she finished her voyage without a panion，she did not start it alone._,荷尔蒙；激素,在某种程度上,名声；名望,fellow/friend,7.We found it hard to picture him as the father of a young girl._ (三)一词多义 8e out出来，出现；开花，发芽；出版，发表 (1)Were going to e out with a new dictionary next month. _ (2)I have lots of ideas，but they never seem to e out of my mouth._ (3)Some flowers have begun to e out. _,imagine,出版，发表,出来,开花,.长难句理解 1.Markets often separate high ethylene-producing foods from those that are sensitive to the gas. 句式分析本句话是一个复合句，句子的主干部分由短语separate.from.构成，those 指代前面的 ；that are sensitive to the gas是 从句。 精美译文,foods,定语,市场把乙烯含量高的食品与那些对乙烯气体敏感的食物,分开。,2.After her second album 21 won the 2012 Grammy Award for Album of the Year，she made it clear with her label that she would spend “four or five years” making her next album. 句式分析本句话是一个复合句，主干部分是 结构，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是_ ；After her second album 21 won the 2012 Grammy Award for Album of the Year是 。 精美译文,that she would spend “four or five years” making,主谓宾宾补,her next album,时间状语,在她的第二张专辑21获得了2012年年度格莱美奖后，她明确表示要花四、五年的时间出下一张专辑。,
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