M3U1 名词性从句学案1

江阴市要塞中学高一名词性从句学案名词性从句是英语高考试题中含盖率最高的一个，分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点和出题频率主要有以下六个方面的重点：1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题 2. 考查引导词that与what的区别3. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法 4. 考查whether与if的区别5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题一、在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句在功能上相当于名词。主语：His job is important./What he does every day is important.表语：This is his job./This is what he does every day.宾语：I dont like his job./I dont like what he does every day.同位语：I dont know about the man, Mr. White./I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.翻译以下句子，并指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种。1.What he wants is a book.2.It is so nice that we can learn this grammar point together.3.Im so glad that I can make friends with you.4.This is why he did it.5.Do you agree to the suggestion that we (should) have a trip in Tibet?6.That he wants a book is certain.7.I suggested just now we (should) take part in this competition.8.Whether you like him or not doesnt matter too much.9.He doesnt know whether you can sing it well.10.The problem is whether you can sing it well.二、主语从句：作句子主语的从句，引导主语从句的连词主要有:that/whether/疑问词。1.由 that 引导: that 无意义, 但不能省略. 后接一个完整的陈述句.(1)That we shall be late is certain.(2) _ is known to all. (地球是圆的)(3)_ is a pity. (你错过了这次机会)2. 由whether引导: 是否 主语从句不能用if来引导(1)Whether hell be able to come is not yet known.(2) Whether we will succeed is still a question.3.疑问词引导的主语从句: what; which; who; whom; when; where; why; how 原则：缺什么补什么What he said at the meeting surprised us. Who will win the game is not clear. Where he will go is unknown. Why they have not left yet puzzled me.How we can get there is a problem.(1)_ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.A.What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever(2)_I can pay back the help that people give me makes me very happy. A.Where B.What C.That D.How(3)Its not clear _ was responsible for the accident. A.Who B.What C.How D.That4. 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，代替主语从句放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。It is known to all that the earth is round. It is still a queation whether he will come.It is not clear who will win the game. It puzzled me why they have not left yet.It appeared that he had gone out. It is said that he had studied abroad for 2 years.It is no wonder that my money is missing.难怪我的钱不见了注意：下面的主语从句句型中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”：(1)It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that (2)It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, required, ordered, etc.) that(3)It is ones request(requirement; desire, proposal, suggestion, advice,etc.)that-It is important that we should make the most of time to speak as much English as possible.It is suggested that the man should be sent to hospital at once.It is my advice that the medicine should be flown to the disaster area in no time.It is ordered that he _ the examination. A. takes B. has to take C. must takeD. takeIt is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told5.练习(1)It is obvious to the students they should get well prepared for their future.(2009天津）A. as B. which C. whether D. that(2)You look anxious these days, Lucy. What is it that you are anxious about?_ in persuading my classmates into joining us. A.If we can succeed B.That we can succeed C.Can we succeed D.Whether we can succeed(3)_some teenagers dont realize is _ difficult life can be after they get addicted to smoking. AWhat; how BThat; how CWhat; what a DThat; what(4)I read about it in some book or other，does it matter _ it was？（2001春季招生） Awhere Bwhat Chow Dwhich (5) parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. 2007 陕西卷A. That B. Which C. What D. As(6)It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. (2010陕西卷)A. which B. what C. that D. if(7)_ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. 2007 上海卷 A. ThatB. What C. Whether D. Where(8)It has come to my notice _ some of you have missed classes.A. what B. which C. that D. when(9) What made her so upset? _ she failed in her examination.A. What B. That C. Because D. Whether(10)It now appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how(11)_ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if(12) - I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball. - _ it made me nearly mad. A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break(13) we cant get seems better than we have.A. What,what B. What,that C. That,that D. That,what(14)After Yang Li wei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.A. where B. what C. that D. how (15)-What made him so sad that day? - A He failed in the exam B He failing in the exam C His failing in the exam D That his failing in the exam三、宾语从句：作句子宾语的从句，引导宾语从句的连词主要有: that/whether(if)/疑问词。1.that引导：单个的宾语从句中连词that可以省略She sensed that she was being watching. I told him that I would come back soon.如果宾语从句是由and或是but连接的两个陈述句，那么第一个that可省，但第二个that不能省略.He said (that) he liked rain very much and that he would not use an umbrella.2.if/whether引导：如果宾语从句为一般疑问句时,用if或whether来引导I wonder if/whether he will come on time.I dont know if tomorrow. If he tomorrow, I will call you.一般情况，if和whether可互换，但下列情况只能用whether：(1)与or not搭配 (2)介词后 (3)引导主语从句或表语从句或同位语从句时 (4)whether to do用if/whether填空：(1)I asked her _ she had a bike.(2)_ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.(3)Were worried about _ he is safe. (4)I dont know _ he is well or not.(5)The question is _ he should do it. (6)I dont know _ to go.3.疑问词引导(1)I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.(2)We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.(3)The teacher asked _ I was getting on with my classmates. A.what B. that C. how D. if(4)I wondered he spoke at the meeting. A what B whether C that D where4.宾语从句的时态： 如果主句的时态是过去时，从句表示客观真理，那么从句不受主句的影响，用一般现在时。 老师告诉我们地球是圆的。 The teacher told us _.5.在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command, require等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。注意：insist+that从句：(1)坚持说：陈述语气(2)坚持要求：虚拟语气suggest+that从句：(1)表明 暗示：陈述语气(2)建议：虚拟语气I insisted that she was badly hurt and that a doctor be sent for at once.Insisting that Tom had stolen his car, Mr. Smith insisted that he be put into prison.We insisted that the meaningless argument _.Ashould bring to an end Bwas brought to an end Cmight come to an end Dcome to an endTom insisted what he said _ true and we insisted that he _ and have a look.Abe；should go Bshould be；would go Cwas；go Dwas；would goThe look on her face suggested she ill and we suggested she to see the doctor. (be/go)6. (1)如果宾语从句后有宾补，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，构成这样的结构：主+谓+it+宾补+that从句(真正宾语) 这种句型的谓语动词有think, make, feel, find, consider. 注意：此时的that不能省略He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他清楚地表明他不会屈服。We consider it possible that he is ill. 我们认为他生病是可能的We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.他清楚表明任何人违法都将受到惩罚He makes it a rule that he cant borrow money from others whatever happens.他立下了一条规矩无论发生什么事都不能向别人借钱。(2) 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句；构成这样的结构：谓+it+宾语从句 I dont like it that hes so lazy. 我不喜欢他那么懒惰。(该句的that不能省)I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs. 我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋。(3)介词后不能直接接that引导的宾语从句，此时须借用it作形式宾语，构成这样的结构：介词+it+that从句 注意：此时的that不能省略You may depend on it that we shall always help you.尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。He insisted on it that he was innocent.=He insisted that he was innocent. 他坚持说自己是无辜的。但是下面三个介词可直接接that从句：except that-除了-/but that-要不是-/in that-因为- 在于-(4)由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用it，构成这样的结构：及物动词+it+介词-+宾语从句I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it. 我让你自己判断这事是否该做。We owe it to you that there wasnt a serious accident.多亏你没发生严重事故。owe-to把-归功于-_ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. ItIt worried her a bit _her hair was turning grey. A. while B. if C. that D. forI hate _when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. this D. them8.练习(1)You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do. A. which B. what C. that D. where(2)As a new diplomat, he often thinks of he can react more appropriately on such occasions.A. what B. which C. that D. how(3)How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _he goes with，whether his friends or relatives. Awhat Bwho Chow Dwhy (4)We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhere (5)Have you finished the book? No. Ive read up to _ the children discover the secret cave. Awhich Bwhat Cthat DWhere(6)Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry. Awhere Bwhether Cthat DWhy(7)The child pointed to _his village lay, and told us how beautiful it was. Athe place Bthere Cwhat DWhere(8)None knows if _ that boy, but if _ him, her parents will be disappointed. A. she will marry, she will marry B. she marries, she marries C. she will marry, she marries D. she marries, she will marry(9)Dont you know, my dear friend, _ it is your money not you that she loves？ A. who B. which C. that D. what (10)“What were you trying to prove to the police？” “_ I was last night.” A. That B. When C. Where D. What四、表语从句：作句子表语的从句1.引导表语从句的连词有：that/whether/疑问词/as if(as though)/because(1)The trouble is that I have lost my key. (2)The question is whether we can do it. (3)Thats because we were in need of money at that time . (4)He looked as if he was going to cry .(5)Thats why I was late . (6)The book is where you put it just now.(7)The reason _ we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied2.如果句子的主语是suggestion, advice, order, demand, request, requirement, proposal等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略.(1)他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作.His suggestion is 3.练习(1)This is _ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what(2)The question is _ we cant go there today. A. that B. what C. which D. when(3)The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time.A. because B. why C. that D. what(4)My advice is that he _ school by bike. A. go to B. would go to C. goes to D. went to(5)_ she couldnt understand was _fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A.What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that(6)The little girl who got lost decided to remain she was and wait for her mother.(2009山东）A. where B. what C. how D. who(7)I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats _ I dont agree.You should have a more active life. Awhere Bhow Cwhen DWhat(8) Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. Awhat Bthat Cwhy DWhether(9)It is reported that most of the families income is now three times or more _ it was 3 years ago. Athan Bthat Cwhat DWhich(10)You know I gave up the job as a waiter and went to that little company. Thats _ youve made a mistake. That company isnt well managed. Awhat Bwhy Cwhere Dhow (11)Patience is a kind of quality and that is it takes to do anything well. A. what B. which C. which D. how五、同位语从句：同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。1.引导同位语从句的连词有：that/whether/疑问词(1)The news that I have passed the exam is true.(2)The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.(3)The question who should do the work requires consideration(4)We havent settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. (5)Word came that he would go abroad for further study.2.同位语从句和定语从句的区别： (1)定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴. The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的 (同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息) The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语) 3.判断同位从与定从：同位语从句that后不缺成分且that不能省，定语从句后that后缺成分，that 可省(1)We expressed the hope that they had expressed.(2)We expressed the hope that they would come to China again. (3)The first request that he made was to ask for freedom.(4)He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way.4.填空(1)I have no idea _ he comes from.(2)He cant answer the question _ he got to the park.(3)He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.(4)I have no doubt _ he will win.(5)I have some doubt _ he will win.5.名词demand, suggestion, proposal, advice request, requirement, order等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气, 结构为 should + do, should 可省略 (1)The advice that he _ at the meeting was agreed to by most people.A.should put forward B. put forward C.should look forward D.looked forward(2)He gave me a suggestion that I _ calm now. A be B.must be C.am D.was6.练习(1)We heard the news _ our team had won. A. which B. that C. what D. where(2)The problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided. A. which B. that C. whether D. if(3)Theres a feeling in me_well never know what a UFO is-not ever.A.that B.which C. of which D.what(4)It remains a question _we can get so much money in such a short time.A.how B. that C. when D. what(5)Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A. which B. that C. what D. whether (6)One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that(7)Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A. what B. whether c. that D. which(8)As far as I see, _ is no possibility _ he will win the tennis match this time.A. it; that B. there; that C. it; whether D. there; whether(9)The fact has worried many scientists the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A. What B. which C. that D. though(10)News came from the school office Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.A. which B. what C. that D. where(11)Information has been put forward _ Zhao Wei will play an important role in this film. Awhile Bthat Cwhen DAs(12)He told me the news, believe it or not, _ he had earned $1 000 in a single day. A. that B. which C. as D. because(13)We all know the truth _ the earth _ around the sun. A. if; moved B. that; moves C. why; move D. whether; move六、疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别：1.疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句。whoever 引导名词性从句时，whoever=anybody whowhomever 引导名词性从句时，whomever=anybody whomwhatever引导名词性从句时，whatever=anything thatwhichever 引导名词性从句时，whichever=any+名词+thatWhoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.= Anybody who breaks the law will be punished. Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.=You can choose anything that you like in the shop.There are many books in our library. You can borrow whichever book you like.= There are many books in our library. You can borrow any book that you like.小结：(1)whoever/whatever/whichever/whomever引导名词性从句时，既在主句中充当成分，又在从句中充当成分。(2) 疑问词+ever引导名词性从句时不可用nomatter+疑问词来替换。2.疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished. Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.3.nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell. Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.小结：疑问词+ever引导让步状语从句时可用nomatter+疑问词来替换。 (1) How about camping this weekend, just for a change? OK, _ you want. (2010浙江卷)A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever (2) I told him to take _ he considered helpful to him from everything _I was having then. You were really kind to him.A. what; what B. what; whichever C. whatever; that D. whichever; that(3)She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.(2009湖南）A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever(4)The how-to book can be of help to wants to do the job.(2009陕西）A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever(5)To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions _ had used the products. Awhoever Bwho Cwhichever DWhich