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听力中必须掌握的态度词汇favorable adj.赞成的, 有利的, 赞许的, 良好的enthusiastic adj.狂热, 热心, 积极性supportive adj.支持的,支援的defensive 为.而辩护Matter of fact 实事求是, 以事实为依据Respectful 表示尊敬的, 有礼貌的, 谦恭的Wonder 奇迹, 惊讶, 难以置信的Affection(affectionate) 深情的, 亲切的, 挚爱的Amusement(amusing) 有趣的, 使人发笑的, 消遣的, 愉快的Approval(disapproval) 赞成的, 满意的 (不以为然的, 不赞成的, 非难的)Reverence(irreverence) 虔诚的, 表示尊敬的, 充满崇敬心的 (不敬的, 不逊的, 无礼的)Persuasive(convincing) 令人信服的, 有力的, 使人心悦诚服的Factual 事实的, 实际的Humorous 富幽默感的, 滑稽的, 诙谐的Inventive 善于创造的, 发明的Matter-of-fact 事实的, 实际的, 事务性的, 平淡的Stick to established facts 坚持已确立的观点Pleasure 心情舒畅的, 愉悦的Seriously 严肃地, 认真地Up-to-date 最近的, 跟上时代的Professionally scientific 专于科学的, 专业从事科学的送你一些其他的听力语段题十大类标志词1最高级标志词形容词、副词最高级 most / chief / primary / main / leading / .2唯一级标志词 only / unique / prefer / every / one / of all / perfect / .3因果项标志词 cause / lead to / contribute to / thanks to / owing to / question / answer / why / reason / 其他形式的问句 / .4转则项关键词 despite / in spite of / instead / while / from to / although (yet) / not only but also / .5序数项标志词所有的序数词(first , second)/ another / the other / next / last / in addition / on the other hand6时间项标志词 when / how / today / as / before / after / since / then / until / .7解释项标志词 or / namely / in other words / that is / that is to say / .8目的项标志词 to / for / .9总结项标志词 all in all / in brief / to conclude / at last / in summary / in short / .10强调项标志词 副词:especially / particularly / almost / always / usually / . 动词:show / remember / note / notice / say / pronounce / .听力部分的短对话、长对话和短文听力其实考察的都是对听力材料的要点和信息的把握。什么是要听懂并且记下来的信息呢,要把握吨化和短文中的七种关键词,KEY WORD,后面一般都是考点,尤其是对话部分,要学会听小词.Times大学排名Top10英语四级听力考试中考生要注意的七类关键词英语小测:一见钟情怎么说? 一、转折性词汇:课堂上强调了很多的涵义发生180度转弯的BUT转折题,要学会听BUT,还有yet, however, though, whereas, unfortunately, unexpectedly, instead, rather than, other than, to be frank, frankly speaking, to tell you the truth,etc. 二、逻辑类词汇:就是因为所以不但而且这一类的词,表原因的because, because of, for, as, due to, owing to, in that, now that, according to, 表结果的therefor, so, as a result, consequently, eventually, 表递进的apart from, in addition, furthermore, whats more, moreover,etc. 三、最高级词汇:形容词和副词的最高级永远是最需要关注的,most importantly, the most popular. the biggest of. 四、事实罗列词汇:在这些词汇后就是关键和重要的事实性息,actually, in fact, as a matter of fact,etc. 五、序数词后面,最重要的是the first, firstly 六、情态动词:sb.has got to, can , could, may, might, need,should, ought to,etc. 七、重要形容词:表示重要的词,important, crucial, chief,major,significant, the only, unique, essential, necessary, vital, etc.阅读理解的最后一题常常提问在作者对文章中某一问题的态度(Attitude)、全文的基调(Tone)、文章的出处(Source)及对文章前后接续内容的判断等。 关于态度或基调(Attitude/Tone)类题的回答应从篇章的体裁着手,一般来说,在说明文中作者的态度是客观的(objective)或中立的(neutral);而在议论文中,作者的观点才会显得多种多样,常有的选项有: (1)positive(积极的) (2)negative(消极的) (3)neutral(中立的) (4)approval(赞成的) (5)disapproval(不赞成的) (6)indifferent(漠不关心的) (7)sarcastic(讽刺的) (8)critical(批评的) (9)optimistic(乐观的) (10)pessimistic(悲观的) 问题的几种提问方式: (1)Whatsthewritersattitudeto? (2)Whatsthetoneofthepassage? (3)Theauthorsviewis_ (4)Thewritersattitudeof.thispassageisapparently_- (5)Theauthorsuggeststhat_ (6)Accordingtoauthor_ 有文章中,作者观点明确,文章基调清楚,而有的文章中,作者仅仅暗示对某一问题的态度和观点,需要阅读时仔细琢磨。解答这类问题时,首先应请注意篇章中起连接手段作用的那些词语;其次应注意有些表明作者观点词汇,如形容词、动词等。 对文章的出处及文章前后接续内容判断等可从全篇着手,从个别句子或词汇找线索进行判断。 Example: Iamnotsona?ve,however,astobelievethatsexisresponsibleforthisunfortunatesituationoftheAmericanwoman.Iamnotafeminist,butIamanindividualist.Idonotbelievethereisanyimportantdifferencebetweenmenandwomen.certainlynotasmuchastheremaybebetweenonewomanandanotheroronemanandan-other.Thereareplentyofwomenandmen,forthatmatterwhowouldbecompletelyfulfilledinbeingallowedtobeaslazyaspossible.Ifsomeonewillensconcetheminapleasanthomeandpaytheirbills,theyasknomoreoflife.Itisquiteallrightforthesemenandwomentolivethussolongasfoolscanbefoundwhowillpaysomuchfornothingmuchinreturn.Gigolos,maleandfemale,aretobefoundineveryclassandinthebestofhomes.Butwhenamandoesnotwanttobeagigolo,hehasthefreedomtogooutandworkandcreateaswellashecan.Butawomanhasnot.Evenifherindividualhusbandletsher,traditioninsocietyisagainsther.Inthispassagetheauthorlooksonthesituationofwomenwithanattitudeof. A)amusement B)indifference C)disapproval D)condemnation 此篇文章中,作者对待这一问题的态度十分明确、强硬(如用语Iamnot等等),因此只参在选项C)和D)中选择。而从文章中的“gigolos”,fools等词可看出作者不仅不赞成而且态度更甚。所以,选项C)程度还不够,这一题的正确答案是D). 阅读中表示作者态度的词1.表示推断rightly正当地 wisely聪明地 cleverly聪明地 correctly正确地 justly正当地 necessarily势必 sensibly明显地 shrewdly机灵地 prudently慎重地 surely当然地 naturally必然地2.表示方式briefly简要地 honestly真诚地 frankly坦白地 candidly坦白地 truthfully诚实地 bluntly直率地 privately私下地 confidentially私密地 happily开心地 understandably可以理解地 preferably更适宜 thankfully感激地 conveniently方便地 significantly意味深长 specifically明确地 seriously认真地 foolishly愚蠢地 cunningly狡猾地 artfully狡诈地 crossly生气地3.表示怀疑或真实真实:apparently显然地 obviously明显地 undoubtedly毋庸置疑地 actually事实上 arguably经得起推敲 admittedly我承认 conceivably令人信服 doubtless无疑地 plainly明白地 clearly明显地 manifestly明白地 definitely确定地 certainly的确 undeniably不可否认地 unquestionably确认 decidedly断然地 fundamentally根本地 essentially本质上 basically基本上 virtually实际上 incontestably无讨论余地地 inevitably不可避免 remarkably明显地 markedly明显地 unmistakably完全真实怀疑:seemingly似乎 outwardly表面上地 ostensibly表面上地 presumably大概 supposedly依照推测 nominally名义上地 reputedly据说 allegedly据说 formally形式上地 superficially浅薄地 reportedly据报道 officially官方地(作者不一定相信) ideally理想世界才成立 hypothetically假设地4.表示方面personally个人认为 literally确实(强调) figuratively比喻地 technically技术上而言 theoretically理论上而言(实际应用不一定可行) financially财政上而言 metaphorically隐喻而言 generally speaking总体上说 strictly speaking严格地说 broadly speaking广泛地说5.表示程度最高程度:all所有 completely全部 wholly全部 unanimously无一反对 entirely完全 universally普遍地 incomparably无可比拟地较大程度:largely主要 chiefly主要 mainly主要 dominantly支配 to a large extent主要 in great part主要 broadly广泛 generally一般 extremely极端地 by and large大体上/基本上相对程度:roughly概略 quite非常 comparatively相对而言 relatively相对而言 fairly向当地 reasonably适度地压低程度:only仅仅 simply仅仅贬义程度:too太 rather相当 disproportionately不成比例地 excessively过度 redundantly多余地 unduly过度地 6.表示评注的形容词短语,分词短语,介词短语,不定式短语和句子to be sure很明确 sure enough非常明确 worse still更糟 putting mildly(to say the least)退一步说/保守地说 I am sorry to say很遗憾 it pains/grieves me to say我很不愿意说 there is no doubt毋庸置疑 it is rumored(The rumor has it that)据谣传 as it is实际上 as it were好象是/仿佛 so to speak可以说 to be blunt with you说句不中听的话 to be fair/in all fairness表明坦率和公正 in retrospect/with hindsight/on reflection标明作者回头去看以前的事情暗示发现自己的观点已经变了7.表示惊讶、迷惘、失望、安慰、谅解、遗憾等感情的评注性状语好转:comfortingly令人安慰 luckily幸运地 mercifully幸运地 understandably可以理解 hopefully幸好 miraculously奇迹般地坏转:disappointingly令人遗憾 annoyingly令人烦恼 unfortunately不幸地 regrettably可悲地 sadly可悲地 tragically可悲地 paradoxically荒谬地 ironically未想到并且不愿意发生 absurdly荒谬地隐转:amazingly令人惊奇 astonishingly令人惊奇 astoundingly令人惊奇 surprisingly令人惊奇 bewilderingly令人困惑 unexpectedly出乎意料地 incredibly难以置信地 strangely奇怪地 oddly奇怪地 funnily可笑地 amusingly可笑地 interestingly有趣地 mysteriously神秘地 inexplicably难以解释 suspiciously令人怀疑negative 否定的doubtful/suspicious 怀疑的enthusiastic/excited 兴奋赞同的,激动的neutral 中立的reserved 保留意见的 nonchalant/indifferent/apathetic 无动于衷的 冷漠的sympathetic 同情的interested 感兴趣的furious愤怒的offended 收到冒犯的
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