商务英语 资料大全

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商务英语(连载完毕)1 商务英语100句 (new)2 证明的写法3 商务英语常见误译例析4 商业信函的7个“c”原则5 出差用语6 通知的写法7 面见客户时的实用英语8 reorganization of a partnership 公司改组通知9 付予代理权10 商务合同英译应注意的问题(一)11 商务合同英译应注意的问题(二) 12 商务合同英译应注意的问题(三) 13 私人和公务信函英文写(一) 14 私人和公务信函英文写(二)15 私人和公务信函英文写(三) 19 商务方面口语和写作20 外贸价格术语21 网络中的广告术语22 怎样写最后的催款信23 电邮(书信)写作技巧24 商务谈判实例(一)25 商务谈判实例(二) 26 商务谈判实例(三)27 商业书信常用开头28 出差常用商务用语29 怎样回复不合理的抱怨和索赔?30 邀请信范例 31 商务合同英译应注意的问题32 国际电话中的常用语33 外贸常见英文缩略词34 商务英语七日七语35 商务信件书写简要介绍36 商务方面口语和写作37 中英对照商标术语38 办公室术语常识一证明的写法 证明书种类很多,有工作经历证明、工作经验证明、病情证明、留学生经济担保书、学业成绩证明书等等,是用来证明一个人的身份、学历、婚姻状况、身体情况等或某一件事情的真实情况。证明信的写法通常也采用一般信件格式,但多省掉收信人的姓名、地址和结束用语。称呼多用“to whom it may concern”意即“有关负责人”,但此项也可省略。写证明书要求言简意赅。医生证明书doctors certificatejune. 18, 2000this is to certify that the patient, Mr. tomas, male, aged 41, was admitted into our hospital on june. 9, 2000, for suffering from acute appendicitis. after immediate operation and ten days of treatment, he has got complete recovery and will be discharged on june. 19, 2000. it is suggested that he rest for one week at home before resuming his work.jack hopkinssurgeon-in-charge医生证明书2000年6月18日兹证明病人托马斯先生,男,41岁,因患急性阑尾炎,于2000年6月9日住院。经立即施行手术和十天治疗后,现已痊愈,将于2000年6月19日出院。建议在家休息一个星期后再上班工作。主治医生:杰克霍普金斯公证书certificate(90)lu zi, no. 1130this is to certificate that Mr. zhao qiangwen holds a diploma issued to him in july, 1980 by shandong university (diploma no. 064)and that we have carefully checked the seal of the university and the signature by president zhou yong sen.jinan notary public office shangdong province the peoples republic of china notary: wang fangmay 2, 2000公证书(90鲁公证字第1130号) 兹证明赵强文先生持有山东大学于1980年发给他的064号毕业文凭上的学校印签和校长周永森签字属实。中华人民共和国山东省济南市公证处公证员:王芳2000年5月2日商务英语常见误译例析 笔者在商务英语教学中发现,外贸英语中有一些使用十分频繁的词汇很容易被误译,原因是商务英语中相同的单词在不同情况下具有不同的含义。现将这些单词的不同用法和含义试加比较说明。例一:floatingit is not surprising, then, that the world saw a return to a floating exchange rate system. central banks were no longer required to support their own currencies. floating policy is of great importance for export trade; it is, in fact, a convenient method of insuring goods where a number of similar export transactions are intended, e.g. where the insured has to supply an overseas importer under an exclusive sales agreement or maintains sales representatives or subsidiary companies abroad.译文:在这种情况下,世界各国又恢复浮动汇率就不足为奇了。各国中央银行也就无须维持本币的汇价了。 统保单对出口贸易至关重要。它实际上是货物保险中的一种便利的办法,特别适合于分不同的时间出口的一批类似货物,如,当被保险方根据独家代理协议书向国外的进口方供货,或在国外委任了销售代表,设立分支机构时用之。注解:floating 在上述两个句中的意思完全不一样,floating exchange rate 意为“浮动汇率”,即可自由浮动,完全受市场力量决定的汇率制度。而 floating policy 则指用以承保多批次货运的一种持续性长期保险凭证,常译为“统保单”。例二:confirmwed like to inform you that our counter sample will be sent to you by dhl by the end of this week and please confirm it asap so that we can start our mass production. payment will be made by 100% confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit available by sight draft。译文:很高兴通知您,我们的回样将于本周末用特快专递给您,请尽快确认,以便我们开始大批生产。付款方式为1o0% 即期,保兑,不可撤消信用证。注解:confirmed 一词在这两句话的意思也不一样。在第一个句子中,confirm 的意思是“确认”。在第二个句子中,confirmed l/c 应翻译为“保兑信用证”,即指一家银行所开的由另一家银行保证兑付的一种银行信用证。例三:negotiablepart time barman requiredhours and salary negotiable. this bill of lading is issued in a negotiable form, so it shall constitute title to the goods and the holder, by endorsement of this b/l.译文:招聘兼职酒店保安,工作时间和薪水面议。 所签发的提单可为转让的,故只要在提单上背书, 便确定了货物和持票人的所有权。注解:在第一句话中,negotiable 的意思是“可商议的”,在第二句话中的意思则是“可转让的”,“可转让提单”经过背书后即可将所有权转让给他人,值得注意的是,negotiating bank 则是议付银行,即购买或贴现汇票的银行。例四:discountyou may get a 5% discount if your order is on a regular basis. if a seller extends credit to a time draft, they have made a trade acceptancethe seller can request that the bank finance the transaction by buying the draftthe bank is said to discount the draft.译文:如果你方定期给我方下定单,你方便可得到 5% 的折扣。如卖方开出的是远期汇票,以此向买方提供信用,此时就做了一笔商业汇票承兑业务,卖方可以请银行买下商业承兑汇票,银行用这个办法对出口商融资,也就是说,银行对该汇票贴现了。注解:discount 在这两句话中的意思一个是折扣,另一个是贴现。折扣是指商品在原价的基础上按百分比降价,贴现则是指未到期的票据向银行融资,银行扣取自买进日至到期日的利息,并收取一定的手续费后,将余下的票面金额付给持票人。例五:endorseour products have been endorsed by the national quality inspection association. draft must be accompanied by full set original on board marine bill off lading made out to order,endorsed in blank,marked freight prepaid.译文:我们的产品为全国质量检查协会的推荐产品。汇票必须附有全套印有“货物收讫”字样的正本海运提单,凭指示、空白背书,并写明“运费已付”。注解:在第一个句子中,“推荐”是指用过某种产品后感到满意,并通过媒体介绍给公众。而第二句中的“空白背书明是指背书人 (endorser) 只在票据背面签上自己的名字,而不注明特定的被背书人 (endorsee)。例六:averageif a particular cargo is partially damaged,the damage is called particular average. its obvious that the products are below the average quality.译文:如果某批货是部分受损,我们称之为“单独海损”。很明显,这批产品的品质是中下水平。注解:在第一个句子中,particular average 的意思是“单独海损”,是指在保险业中由于海上事故所导致的部分损失, 因此 average 一词的意思是损失或损坏,而第二句中的 average 为“平均”之意。例七:tenderunder cif, it is the sellers obligation to tender the relative documents to the buyer to enable him to obtain delivery of the goods. if they arrive, or to recover for the loss, if they are lost on the voyage. he became as exhilarated as if his tender for building a mansion had been accepted.译文:在 cif 价格术语项下,卖方的责任是向买方递交有关单证,使其能在货物到达后提取货物;如果货物运输途中丢失了,买方也可凭单证去获取补偿。他欣喜若狂,好象他承办大厦建筑的投标被接受了。注解:商务英语中的重要条款用词非常正规,在第一句话中,tender 是用作动词,相当于 give。而在第二句中,tender 是用作名词,意思是“投标”。私人和公务信函英文写(一) 私人和公务信函-概述书信是日常生活中常用的文体,是用以交涉事宜、传达信息、交流思想、联络感情、增进了解的重要工具。书信一般可分为商务信件或公函(business letter or official correspondence)和私人信件(private letter)两大类。值得注意的是,英语书信的写法与汉语书信有一些明显区别,应特别加以区分。英语书信通常包括下面几个组成部分:信端、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语、签名、附件、再启等。下面我们将逐个进行介绍。1.信端(heading)信端即信头,一般包括写信人的地址和写信日期。一些正式信函的信端还包括发信人或单位的电话号码、电报挂号、电传、传真和邮政编码等。 西方国家中有些信端甚至还有单位负责人的姓名、职务和职称等。信端的目的是使收信人一看便知道书信来自何处,何时发出,便于复信和查阅。用一般的信纸写信时,信端应写在信纸的右上角,若字数较多,可从信纸中间或偏右的地方写起。若字数较少,可适当多向右移一些,使整个信端的重心落在右上角。信端的写法主要有并列式和斜列式两种。从目前情况来看,前者更为常用。采用并列式时,每行开头要左对齐;采用斜列式时,每行开头逐次向右移二三个字母的距离。 例如(1)并列式16 fuxing streethaidian districtbeijingpost code: 100035peoples republic of chinatel: 63211234aug. 20, 2004(2)斜列式(indented form)16 fuxing streethaidian districtbeijingpost code: 100035peoples republic of chinatel: 63211234aug. 20, 2004写信端时,先写发信人的地址,地点的名称按由小到大的顺序排列,然后与其它项目和发信日期。具体次序是:第一行写门牌号和街名;第二行写区名、市(县)名、省(州、邦)名,往国外寄的信,还要写上国家的名称;国家名称的前面加上邮政编码,其后可写上电话号码,最后一行写发信日期。如果写信人的地址是机关单位的名称,则将其作为第一行。如果写信人的单位没有门牌号码和街名,则第一行可写上所在班级或专业组的名称;第二行写系、科、室名称;第三行写学校名称;第四行写市(县)、省(州)名称;然后再写邮政编码、国名、电话号码、发信日期等项。如果使用标点符号,则在每行末尾加逗号,最后一行的末尾加句号。但当前的信件中行末大都不加标点符号,但在每行之内该用标点符号的地方,仍要用标点。特别要注意的是,门牌号码和街名之间要加逗号。月份和日期之间不可用逗号。在西方国家,城市名称之后往往写有字母或数字(如 new york, 103),表示城市的邮政编码。私人和公务信函英文写(二) 关于发信日期的写法,应注意以下几点:年份应完全写出,不能简写。月份要用英文名称,不要用数字代替。月份名称多用公认的缩写式。但 may, june, july, 因为较短,不可缩写。写日期时,可用基数词1,2,3,4,5,28,29,30,31等,也可用序数词 lst, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 28th, 29th, 30th, 31lst等。但最好用基数词,简单明了。日期可有下列几种写法: oct. 20, 2004 10 may., 2004 3rd june, 2004 sept. 16th, 2004其中,最为通用。2.信内地址(inside address, introductory address)信内地址收信人的姓名和地址,写在信纸的左上角,从信纸的左边顶格开始写,低于写信人地址和发信日期一二行,也分并列式和斜列式两种,但应与信端的书写格式保持一致。其次序是,先写收信人姓名、头衔和单位名称,占一二行,然后写地址,可占二至四行,例如:并列式ms. joanna kerrypeking universityhaidian district, 100871beijingchina斜列式ms. joanna kerrypeking universityhaidian district,100871beijingchina3.称呼(salutation)对收信人的称呼应自成一行,写在低于信内地址一二行的地方,从信纸的左边顶格开始写,每个词的开头字母要大写,至于末尾处的符号,英国人用逗号,但美国和加拿大英语则多用冒号。称呼用语可视写信人与收信人的关系而定。给外国人写英文信时,称呼用语要注意以下几点:对没有头衔的男性一般称呼 Mr. 。Mr. 用在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前,不可只用在名字之前,例如对的称呼,应该是:Mr. 或 Mr. white, 不可是:Mr. phil。若称呼多个男性,则在姓名前用 Mr. 的复数形式 messrs. 。对一般以人名为名称的公司和企业常用这种称呼,例如:messrs. black and brothers 布莱克兄弟公司。对女性一般称呼 Mrs., madam 或 miss。Mrs.用在已婚女子的丈夫的姓氏之前,或姓氏和名字之前,一般不用在名字前 madame 此词可以单独使用或加在丈夫的姓名之前 Mrs. 没有复数形式。若称呼多个女性,则在姓名前用 mme. 的复数形式 mmes. 而对以女子名字为名称的公司、企业可用 mesdames 称呼。 miss 多用于未婚女子,此词可缩写为 ms ,用于姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前,一般不用于名字之前。对收信人的称呼,也可用头衔或职位的名称,不分性别。例如 professor (缩写为 prof.),doctor (缩写为 dr.), general (缩写为 gen.) 。这些称呼都放在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前,如 prof. (phil)white等。对外公函中对收信人的称呼,可用 gentlemen (而不是 gentleman),dear sir (s)和 my dear sir(s)等。gentlemen 之前不能加 dear, 后面也不能带姓名。用 sirs 时,前面常用 dear 一词,但也可单独用 sir。若收信人是妇女,则无论已婚或未婚,都可单独使用 madam 或其复数 mesdames。对外国高级官员的称呼,如国家元首、政府首脑、部长、大使、公使和特使等,可用(dear)sir, (dear)Mr. chairman,(dear)Mr. premier, (my dear)Mr. ambassador,your excellency (复数为 excellencies)。对君主制国家的国王和皇帝等男性君主,可以 sir 称呼,对女王、女皇和皇后等女性君主,可用 madam 称呼。有时也用 your majesty 称呼以表示。客气和尊敬your majesty 可兼指男性和女性,其复数为 your majesties。对王室成员,如太子、王子、亲王和公主等,一般可用(dear)sir 或(dear)madam 但在正式尊称时,一般用 your highness (复数为 highnesses)。收信人称呼先生(男人)Mr./esq.夫人(已婚)Mrs.小姐(未婚)miss夫人、小姐统称ms.夫妇俩人Mr.and Mrs.两位或两位以上男子messrs两位或两位以上女子(已婚)mesdames两位或两位以上小姐(未婚)misses常见的头衔(汉英对照)如下:教授professor博士doctor(dr.,ph.d.)医学博士medical doctor(m.d.)总统或校长president主席或董事长chairman副主席或副董事长vice chairman副总统或副校长vice president首相prime minister总理premier省长或州长governor市长mayor参议员senator大使ambassador秘书长secretary general一秘first secretary二秘second secretary院长director,dean副院长vice director系主任dean,head,chair馆长chief librarian,curator阁下excellency神甫father私人和公务信函英文写(三) 4.信的正文(body of the letter)信的正文每段第一行应往右缩进约四五个字母。在写事务性信件时,正文一般开门见山,内容简单明了,条理清楚。在写私人信件时,信写好之后若有什么遗漏,可用 p. s.表示补叙。5.结束语(complimentary close)结束语是写信人表示自己对收信人的一种谦称,只占一行,低于正文一二行,从信纸的中间或偏右的地方开始写。第一个词的开头字母要大写,末尾用逗号。结束语视写信人与收信人的关系而定例如写给机关、团体或不相识的人的信,一般用:yours (very) truly, yours (very) faithfully,yours (very) sincerely, 等等。写给上级和长者的信一般可用:yours (very) respectfully, yours (very) obediently, yours gratefully, yours appreciatively, your obedient servant, 等等。写给同志或同事的信一般可用:fraternally yours, coMradely yours,等等。写给熟人或朋友的信可用:yours, ever yours, yours affectionately, as ever, yours sincerely yours devotedly, (most) fondly yours, yours excitedly, intimately yours,等等。写给亲属或挚友的信一般用:yours, ever yours, yours as ever, as ever, yours affectionately, lovingly yours, (much) love, with love,lovingly, your loving son, your most affectionate, your devoted friend, devotedly, 等等,意即:“您的”、“永远是您的”、“您的亲爱的”、“您的爱子(孩子、姐妹、侄、侄女、祖母)” 、“您的挚友”等。写给挚友的信有时也可用:yours hurriedly, yours hastily, yours in haste, 等等。写信给挚友,表示歉意时,可用:contritely yours, regretfully yours, yours in (with) regret, yours in (with) deep remorse 等。在欧洲一些国家里,多把yours 放在 sincerely等词的前面。在美国和加拿大等国,则多用,把 yours 放在 sincerely 等词之后。yours 一词有时也可省略。6.签名(signature)信末的签名一般低于结束语一二行,从信纸中间偏右的地方开始写。若写信人是女性,与收信人又不相识,则一般在署名前用括号注上 miss, Mrs.或 ms.,以便对方回信时知道如何称呼。有的还有署名后写上自己的职称、职务或头衔7.附件(enclosure)信件若有附件,应在左下角注明 encl. 或 enc.。若附件不止一个,则应写出2(或3,4,5等)encls.,例如:enc: resumeencls:grade certificate8.再启(postscript, 缩写为 p. s.)再启部分用于补叙正文中遗漏的话,一般应尽量少用,正式的函件中更应避免使用。私人和公务信函-注意事项首先,写信者应设身处地想到对方,尊重对方的风俗习惯。其次,英文信应该行文流畅、言简意赅,避免冗长。这就是说,写信者应用尽可能少的文字表达其必须传递的信息,而且写信者应将其所需传递的信息表达清楚,以免对方产生误解。书信交往,同样需要以礼待人。因而在写信过程中,要避免伤害对方感情,措辞上多选用些礼貌婉转词语。最后,除了避免语法、拼写、标点错误外,信中所引用的史料、数据等也应准确无误。私人和公务信函-常用句式常用的起首语有:1)thank you for your letter dated dec.22,1969.2)many thanks for your letter of sept.5,1997.3)a thousand thanks for your kind letter of june 5,1997.4)your kind letter of november 22th arrived this morning.5)your letter which arrived this morning gave me great comfort.6)in reply to your letter dated 4th july,i want to say7)thank you very much for your letter of august 2 and the gift you sent me on christmas eve.8)what a treat to receive your kind letter of may 5th!9)it is always a thrill to see your nice handwriting.10)first of all i must thank you for your kind assistance and high attention to me .11)with great delight i learn from your letter of this sunday that 14)i am very much pleased to inform you that my visit to your country has been approved.15)i wish to apply for teaching position you are offering.16)i am too excited and delighted at your good news.17)i am very obliged to you for your warm congratulations.常用的结束语有:1)awaiting your good news,2)looking forward to your early reply,3)hoping to hear from you soon,4)we await your good news.5)i hope to hear from you very soon.6)we look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.7)i look forward to our next meeting there in los angeles.8)your early reply will be highly appreciated.9)any other particulars wanted we shall be pleased to send you.10)the help you give me is sincerely valued.11)i hope everything will be well with you .12)please let us know if you want more information.13)i hope you always enjoy yourself.14)i wish you very success in the coming year.15)please remember me to your family.16)with best regards to your family.17)all the best.18)with love and good wishes.外贸价格术语 价格术语trade term (price term) 运费freight单价 price 码头费wharfage总值 total value 卸货费landing charges金额 amount 关税customs duty净价 net price 印花税stamp duty含佣价price including commission港口税portdues回佣return commission 装运港portof shipment折扣discount,allowance 卸货港port of discharge批发价 wholesale price 目的港portof destination零售价 retail price 进口许口证inportlicence现货价格spot price 出口许口证exportlicence期货价格forward price 现行价格(时价)current priceprevailingprice国际市场价格 world (international)marketprice离岸价(船上交货价)fob-free on board成本加运费价(离岸加运费价) c&f-cost and freight到岸价(成本加运费、保险费价)cif-cost,insurance and freight网络中的广告术语 ad views 广告浏览 网上广告被用户下载的的次数,一般以一段时间来衡量。 banner 网幅图象广告 以gif,jpg等格式建立的图象文件,定位在网页中,大多用来表现广告内容,同时还可使用java等语言使其产生交互性,用shockwave等插件工具增强表现力。 click throughs 点进次数 网上广告被用户打开、浏览的次数。 click-through rate 点进率 网上广告被点进的次数与被下载次数之比。(点进/广告浏览) cost per action 每行动成本 广告主为规避广告费用风险,只有在广告产生销售后才按销售笔数付给广告站点较一般广告价格更高的费用。 cost per thousand impressions, 简称cpm 千印象费 网上广告产生每1000个广告印象(显示)数的费用。 hit 点击 从一个网页提取信息点的数量。网页上的每一个图标、链接点都产生hit,所以一篇网页的一次被访问由于所含图标数量,浏览器设置的不同,可以产生多次 hits。因此,用一段时间内有多少hits来比较网站访问(点击)流量是不准确的。 impression印象 与page view相同。指受用户要求的网页的每一次显示, 就是一次印象。 log file 访客流量统计文件 由服务器产生的,记录所有用户访问信息的文件。 unique users 单独用户 指在单位时间内访问某一站点的所有不同的用户的数量。一般由访问的客户机确认因此,通过一个服务器来的不同访问者都被认为是一个单独用户。 user sessions 访客量 一个单独用户访问一个站点的全过程,即称为一个user session;在一定时间内所有的user session 的总和称为访客量。 visit 访问 用户点击进入一个网站,然后进行的一系列点击。由于网络数据以数据包的方式传送而不是持续连接。当用户在超过系统规定的时间没有再次点击要求数据,下一次点击将被认为另一次访问。怎样写最后的催款信 i. useful expressions 常用语 1. how to start your letter? you have not responded in any way to our recent letters about your past due account. we remind you once more of your open account that is now _ days beyond our _-day terms. your account is still unpaid in spite of our continual reminders asking for payment or an explanation for your delay. we urgently request that you immediately pay your balance of _, which has been outstanding since _date despite several notices from us. 2. how to warn the recipient against further delay? you must realize that we cannot afford to carry this debt on our books any longer. any further delay in paying your balance due cannot be accepted. you can no longer delay payment if you wish to keep your account open. our next step is to take legal action to collect the money due us. this is unpleasant for both of us and is damaging to your credit rating. 3. how to specify your deadline or demand immediate payment? we must now insist that you send you payment within the next five days. unless i receive your remittance within the next three days, our attorney will be instructed to start proceedings to recover the debt. if we do not receive remittance within five days from the above date, we will have no choice but to pursue other collection procedures. after april 30, we will have no choice but to cancel your credit and turn your account over to a collection agency. 4. how to end your letter? we look forward to your prompt payment. your immediate response is necessary. whether or not we take legal action is now your decision. please make every effort to ensure that we are not forced to take this drastic action. we must hear from you at once to avoid further action. ii. sample 范文 dear _: i am afraid your failure to settle your account, which is over due for more than six months, will leave us with no alternative but resort to legal proceedings. this is to notify you that unless we receive your check for $7,550.50 by june 30, we will place your account in the hands of our attorneys for collection. yours sincerely, _name_title iii. tips 掌握写作要领 1. choose a firm tone for your letter.2. remind the recipient of your previous collection letters.3. remind the recipient of all the necessary details: the amount owed by the recipient the length of time the bill has been overduethe additional amount of late charge if there is any 4. tell the recipient what kind of legal action will be taken if the final collection effort fails.电邮(书信)写作技巧 this is an english writing howto i copied from somewhere (name withheld) some time ago. hopefully youll find it helpful too. 日常要处理许多信件电邮,因而运用英语上不得不留神,以下有一些个人意见,也参考了一些书本,希望大家有所得益。 a. 文法上 1.切忌主客不分或模糊. 例子: deciding to rescind the earlier estimate, our report was updated to include $40,000 for new equipment.” 应改为 deciding to rescind our earlier estimate, we have updated our report to include $40,000 for new equipment. (we决定呀, 不是report.) 2.句子不要凌碎. 例子: he decided not to audit the last ten contracts. because of our previous objections about compliance. 应该连在一起. 3.结构对称,令人容易理解. 例子: the owner questioned the occupants lease intentions and the fact that the contract had been altered with ink markings. 应改为: the owner questioned the occupants lease intentions and ink alterations of the contract. 4.单众数不要搞乱,不然会好刺眼,看不舒服. 例如: an authorized person must show that they have security clearance. 5.动词主词要呼应. 想想这两个分别: 1.this is one of the public-relations functions that is underbudgeted. 2. this is one of the public-relations functions, which are underbudgeted. 6.时态和语气不要转变太多.看商务英语已经是苦事,不要浪费人家的精力啊. 7.标点要准确. 例如: he did not make repairs, however, he continued to monitor the equipment. 改为: he did not make repairs; however, he continued to monitor the equipment. 8.选词正确. 好像affect和effect, operative和operational等等就要弄清楚才好用啦. 9.拼字正确. 有电脑拼字检查功能后,就更加不能偷懒. 10.大小写要注意.非必要不要整个字都是大写,除非要骂人,:,例如: must change to os immediately. 外国人就觉得不礼貌和喝令人一样. 要强调的话,用底线,斜字,粗体就可以了. b. 文体 1.可读性.对象是大学程度的话,用高中的英文就行,不要以为人人都是语言大师.多用短句(15-20字吧), 技术性的字,就更加要简单易明. 2.注意段落的开头.一般来说,重要或强调的事情都放在信件或段落的开头,而句子就放在最尾. 例如: 1.because he was unable to attend the meeting personally, he forwarded his congratulations on cassette tape. 2.he forwarded his congratulations on cassette tape because he was unable to attend the meeting personally. 两者强调的事情就有分别了. 3.轻重有分. 同等重要的用and来连接,较轻放在次要的句子里. 4.意思转接词要留神.
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