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Ing-form as Predictive, Attributive and Complement,How to and what to about ing-form,ing-form作表语的两种不同含义： a. 动名词作表语，表示主语的内容是什么。如 His job is looking after the children. 他的工作是照看孩子。 My hobby is painting. 我的爱好是绘画。 此类句子可改写为：Painting is my hobby.,b. 分词作表语，表示主语所具有的特征。如: That boy can be very annoying. 那个孩子有时候真是烦人。 The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑。 ing-form是形容词。,II. ing-form作定语的两种不同含义： a. 动名词作定语，说明被修饰名词的用途。如： reading material阅读材料walking stick手杖 fishing pole鱼杆 listening practice 听力训练 此类词组可理解为： reading materials = materials for reading 供阅读的材料 a swimming pool = a pool for swimming 供游泳的池子,b. 分词作定语，说明被修饰的名词是分词的主语： a waiting car 一辆等待着的车 a sleeping child一个酣睡的孩子 flying fish 飞鱼 a boring speech令人乏味的演出 可以改写为： a car that is waiting; a boy that is sleeping; a speech that is boring等。,分词作定语时，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。如： developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家 a growing city = a city that is growing 不断发展着的城市 an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子 working people= people who work 劳动人民,注：分词短语作定语，应放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。如： Who is the man standing by the door? 站在门边的那个人是谁？ They lived in a house facing south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。,相当于一个非限制性定语从句，常用逗号隔开: The words, usually dealing with current work, were mostly written by himself. 歌词一般讲当前的工作，大部分是他自己写的。 When she appeared, John, wearing a dirty and worn-out overcoat, ran to her with joy.当她出现的时候，约翰穿着一件又脏又破的大衣高兴地跑了过去。,III. 分词可以在某些动词后面与名词或代词构成一个复合宾语，用作宾语补语。如： I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. 我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。 Last night the shopkeeper caught a thief stealing some jwelry in the shop. 昨晚，店主在商店里抓到一个小偷在偷珠宝。,常可这样用的动词有： see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等。 get sb. To do sth. / get sb. doing sth. find sb. doing sth. / find sth. done,这类句子变成被动语态，分词可看成是主语补语。如： We were kept waiting for quite a long time. 让我们等了好长时间。 A thief was caught stealing at the spot. 一个小偷在偷东西的时候被抓住了。,a. 动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别： 表示抽象的、泛指时，多用动名词；表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是表将来的动作，多用不定式。如： My job is teaching. 我的工作是教书。 My job is to teach you English this term. 我这一学期的工作是教你们英语。,b. 分词作补语与不定式作补语的区别： 分词强调动作是进行的、持续的；不定式表示动作是发生过的、一次性的或经常发生的： We watched the boys playing games there. 我们看着孩子们在那里玩游戏。 They got the workers working long hours without rest. 他们让工人们长时间不间断地工作。 Did you notice anyone enter the room? 刚才看到有人进去了吗？ I heard him say so several times. 我有好几次听他说过这事儿。,
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