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Ing-form as Predictive, Attributive and Complement,How to and what to about ing-form,ing-form作表语的两种不同含义: a. 动名词作表语,表示主语的内容是什么。如 His job is looking after the children. 他的工作是照看孩子。 My hobby is painting. 我的爱好是绘画。 此类句子可改写为:Painting is my hobby.,b. 分词作表语,表示主语所具有的特征。如: That boy can be very annoying. 那个孩子有时候真是烦人。 The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑。 ing-form是形容词。,II. ing-form作定语的两种不同含义: a. 动名词作定语,说明被修饰名词的用途。如: reading material阅读材料walking stick手杖 fishing pole鱼杆 listening practice 听力训练 此类词组可理解为: reading materials = materials for reading 供阅读的材料 a swimming pool = a pool for swimming 供游泳的池子,b. 分词作定语,说明被修饰的名词是分词的主语: a waiting car 一辆等待着的车 a sleeping child一个酣睡的孩子 flying fish 飞鱼 a boring speech令人乏味的演出 可以改写为: a car that is waiting; a boy that is sleeping; a speech that is boring等。,分词作定语时,可以表示正在进行的动作,也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。如: developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家 a growing city = a city that is growing 不断发展着的城市 an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子 working people= people who work 劳动人民,注:分词短语作定语,应放在被修饰词的后面,相当于一个定语从句。如: Who is the man standing by the door? 站在门边的那个人是谁? They lived in a house facing south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。,相当于一个非限制性定语从句,常用逗号隔开: The words, usually dealing with current work, were mostly written by himself. 歌词一般讲当前的工作,大部分是他自己写的。 When she appeared, John, wearing a dirty and worn-out overcoat, ran to her with joy.当她出现的时候,约翰穿着一件又脏又破的大衣高兴地跑了过去。,III. 分词可以在某些动词后面与名词或代词构成一个复合宾语,用作宾语补语。如: I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. 我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。 Last night the shopkeeper caught a thief stealing some jwelry in the shop. 昨晚,店主在商店里抓到一个小偷在偷珠宝。,常可这样用的动词有: see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等。 get sb. To do sth. / get sb. doing sth. find sb. doing sth. / find sth. done,这类句子变成被动语态,分词可看成是主语补语。如: We were kept waiting for quite a long time. 让我们等了好长时间。 A thief was caught stealing at the spot. 一个小偷在偷东西的时候被抓住了。,a. 动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别: 表示抽象的、泛指时,多用动名词;表示具体的或一次性的动作,特别是表将来的动作,多用不定式。如: My job is teaching. 我的工作是教书。 My job is to teach you English this term. 我这一学期的工作是教你们英语。,b. 分词作补语与不定式作补语的区别: 分词强调动作是进行的、持续的;不定式表示动作是发生过的、一次性的或经常发生的: We watched the boys playing games there. 我们看着孩子们在那里玩游戏。 They got the workers working long hours without rest. 他们让工人们长时间不间断地工作。 Did you notice anyone enter the room? 刚才看到有人进去了吗? I heard him say so several times. 我有好几次听他说过这事儿。,
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