2021学年高中英语Unit1FestivalsaroundtheworldPeriodOneWarmingUp&Reading讲义新人教版必修3

2016-2017学年高中英语Unit1FestivalsaroundtheworldPeriodOneWarmingUp&Reading讲义新人教版必修3Unit 1 Festivals around the world The Chinese Spring Festival2016 Chinese New Year falls on February 8.It is a great chance to experience the traditional Chinese folk customs!The Chinese New Year，also called the Spring Festival，has more than 4,000 years ofhistory.Being one of the traditional Chinese festivals，it is the most important festival for Chinese people.Starting in the Shang Dynasty (about 17th11th century BC)，it celebrates family reunion and hopes the advent of spring.People from different regions celebrate it in their unique ways.It is said that the custom of the Chinese New Year started in the last month of the Chinese lunar calendar when people offered sacrifice to their ancestors.At that time，people prepared the sacrifice by doing thorough cleaning，having bathes and so on.Later，people began to worship different deities as well on that day.The sacrificing time changed according to the farming schedule and was not fixed until the Han Dynasty (202 BC220 AD).The custom of worshipping deities and ancestors remains even though the ceremonies are not as grand as before.It is also the time that spring is coming，so people hold all kinds of ceremonies to welcome it.There are many legends about the Spring Festival in Chinese culture.In folk culture，it is also called “guonian” in Chinese.It is said that the “nian” was a strong monster which was fierce and cruel and ate one kind of animal including human beings a day.Human beings were scared about it and had to hide in the evening when the “nian” came out.Later，people found that “nian” was very scared about the red colour and fireworks.So after that，people use red colour and fireworks or firecrackers to drive away the “nian”.As a result，the custom of using red colour and setting off fireworks remains.1.advent n.(重要人物、事件等的)到来，出现2.sacrifice n.祭品；牺牲；v.牺牲；献祭3.worship vt.& n.敬奉(神)；拜神4.deity n.神5.legend n.传说，传奇6.monster n.怪物 判断正(T)误(F)1.The Spring Festival in China dates back to the Tang Dynasty.(F)2.The custom of worshipping deities and ancestors remains today.(T)3.Nian，the monster，is afraid of red colour and fireworks in legend.(T)Period OneWarming Up，Prereading & Reading.单词检测1.harvest n.& vt.& vi.收获；收割2.celebration n.庆祝；祝贺celebrate v.庆祝3.starve vi.& vt.(使)饿死；饿得要死4.origin n.起源；由来；起因5.religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的6.ancestor n.祖先；祖宗7.belief n.信任；信心；信仰8.trick n.诡计；恶作剧；窍门；vt.欺骗；诈骗9.arrival n.到来；到达；到达者arrive v.到达10.gain vt.获得；得到11.independence n.独立；自主independent adj.独立的；自主的12.gather vt.& vi.搜集；集合；聚集13.agriculture n.农业；农艺；农学agricultural adj.农业的；农艺的14.award n.奖；奖品；vt.授予；判定15.admire vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕16.energetic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；积极的energy n.精力；活力；能量.短语检测1.take place发生2.in memory of 纪念；追念 3.dress up穿上盛装；打扮；装饰4.play a trick on 搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑5.look forward to期望；期待；盼望6.day and night日夜；昼夜；整天7.have fun with 玩得开心.阅读课文，判断正(T)误(F)1.Most ancient festivals were celebrated because of religions.(F)2.In Mexico，people celebrate the Day of the Dead，eating cakes with “bones” on them.(T)3.Japans Cherry Blossom Festival comes later than the Day of the Dead in Mexico.(F).课文阅读理解1.Whats the main idea of the passage?A.Festivals have many origins.B.Festivals are held to honour the dead and famous people.C.Festivals are held for happy events.答案A2.In ancient times，people would celebrate .A.when winter endedB.if food was difficult to findC.during the cold winter months答案A3.Which of the following is NOT the festival to honour the dead?A.The Japanese festival Obon.B.The Western holiday Halloween.C.Japans Cherry Blossom Festival.答案C4.Which of the following festivals is NOT mentioned in the passage?A.Columbus Day.B.MidAutumn Day.C.Christmas Day.答案C5.What can we infer from the passage?A.People would have feasts，sing and dance at all festivals.B.People celebrate festivals because they dont want to work.C.By celebrating festivals，people are developing the culture and customs.答案C.课文阅读填空FestivalsDateWhat it celebratesWhat people doThe Spring FestivalJanuary 1The end of winter；the coming of springEat 1.dumplings；gather together；set off fireworksThe Dragon Boat FestivalMay 5Honour the famous ancient poet 2.Qu YuanThe Dragon Boat racesMidAutumn Festival3.Autumn 15The harvest of the yearEat mooncakes；watch the full 4.moon with family and friends National Day5.October 1The founding of the 6.PRCHold a party to celebrate the founding of the PRC.难句分析People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over.句式分析：本句是一个复合句。主句为people are grateful，because引导的是原因状语从句。从句是一个并列句，由and连接的两个并列分句(their food is gathered for the winter和the agricultural work is over)构成。自主翻译：因为越冬的粮食收集起来了，农活结束了，所以人们都心怀感激。1.starve 语境感悟(1)(教材P1)At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find，especially during the cold winter months.在那个时代，特别是在寒冷的冬季，如果难以找到食物，人们就会挨饿。(2)They got lost in the desert and starved to death.他们在沙漠中迷了路，饥饿而死。(3)They starved the enemy into surrendering.他们以饥饿迫使敌人投降。归纳拓展(1)starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿得要死；(使)饿死；渴望；极需要starve to death饿死starve sb.into (doing) sth.断绝食物(或资金)来源以迫使某人做某事be starved of/for缺乏(2)starvation n.挨饿；饿死(3)starving adj.饥饿的图解助记即时跟踪(1)用starve的正确形式填空No one showed mercy to the starving child because too many people had starved to death in the war；finally she died of starvation.(2)完成句子这些学校缺乏资金。The schools are starved of funding.2.gain语境感悟(1)(教材P2)India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi，the leader who helped gain Indias independence from Britain.印度在10月2日有个全国性节日，纪念莫汉达斯甘地，他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。(2)Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.(2014福建)学生们应该参加社区活动，在这些活动中他们能够获得成长的经验。(3)Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。归纳拓展gain vt.获得；得到；获益gain sth.from/by sth.从中受益gain strength/power/experience/weight增加力气/能力/经验/体重No pain，no gain.(谚)不劳无获。易混辨析gain，win，earn(1)gain指需要付出很大的努力、劳动、竞争、斗争等才能得到，常用于获取较抽象的东西。(2)win指在较强的竞争中取得胜利，赢得某物，其后常接game，war，prize，fame，battle，medal等名词作宾语。(3)earn通常接金钱、报酬、谋生、地位等名词，暗示获得物与所花的力气相互成比例。即时跟踪(1)选词填空Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.(2015全国)They have bought a new house.They must earn a lot of money.Im not sure whether I can win the race.(2)完成句子与当地居民一起工作有三年了，汤姆从他们那里获得了友谊和经验。Tom gained friendship and experience from the local residents，working with them for three years.3.award语境感悟(1)(教材P2)Some people might win awards for their farm produce，like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster.有些人还可能因为他们的农产品而获奖，比如最大的西瓜或最帅的公鸡。(2)He received awards from the government for his contributions to agriculture.他因为在农业方面做出的贡献而获得政府给予的奖励。(3)A medal was awarded to him for his bravery.他因勇敢被授予奖章。归纳拓展award n.奖；奖品；vt.授予，奖给；判定，判给win/receive/get an award (for.)(因而)赢得/得到/获得奖项award sb.for sth.因某事奖励某人award sb.sth./award sth.to sb.授予某人某物 易混辨析award，reward，prize(1)award n.奖品；奖金；vt.授予，颁发。(2)reward n.回报；报酬；v.给予报酬，指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏。常用搭配：reward sb.for sth.。(3)prize n.奖赏，奖金，奖品，多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽彩中所赢得的奖。这种奖赏有的凭能力获得，有的凭运气获得。即时跟踪(1)选词填空The judge awarded him a large sum of money.He got the first prize in the contest.Years later，she was proud that her son was awarded a PhD in literature.(2015天津)How can I reward you for your kindness?(2)用适当的介词填空They awarded the first prize to the winner.The fireman received a reward for saving the childs life.4.admire语境感悟(1)(教材P2)China and Japan have midautumn festivals，when people admire the moon and in China，enjoy mooncakes.中国和日本都有中秋节，这时人们会赏月，在中国，人们还品尝月饼。(2)I admire him for his bravery and learning.我羡慕他胆识过人，学识渊博。(3)Compared with his dramatic works，Yeatss poems attract much admiring notice.与他的戏剧作品相比，叶芝的诗歌得到了更多的赞赏。(4)Deeply moved by her performance，the whole audience gasped with admiration.她的演奏动人心弦，全场观众赞叹不已。归纳拓展(1)admire vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕；夸奖；欣赏admire sb.for sth.因某事而钦佩/羡慕某人admire oneself自我欣赏(2)admirer n.赞赏者；羡慕者(3)admiring adj.赞赏的；羡慕的(4)admirable adj.可钦佩的；值得赞赏的(5)admiration n.钦佩；赞美with/in admiration钦佩地express/have/show admiration for sb./sth.钦佩某人/某事即时跟踪(1)单句语法填空We really admire him for his courage and frankness.He was looking at the picture with admiration(admire).He gave her an admiring(admire) look in the competition.While still at the primary school，Rowan had already shown admirable(admire) acting talent.Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for what Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.(2015陕西)(2)单句改错She was admiring in the mirror when I entered the room.1.take place语境感悟(1)(教材P1)Discuss when they take place，what they celebrate and what people do at that time.讨论一下它们是在什么时候举行，庆祝什么，那个时候人们做什么。(2)Do you think shopping online will finally take the place of shopping in stores?你认为网上购物最终会替代商场购物吗？(3)As everyone took their place，the meeting began.每个人就座后，会议开始了。(4)I like to have everything in place.我喜欢一切都井井有条。归纳拓展take place发生；举行take the place of代替；接替take ones place就位，就座；替代某人in place在适当的位置in place of sb.in ones place替代某人；顶替某人注意：take place没有被动形式。易混辨析take place，happen(1)take place一般是按意图、计划“发生”，事情往往是事先安排好的，还可引申为“举行；进行”。(2)happen一般用于偶然或突发性事件。其后接不定式或常用在“It happens/happened that.”句型中。即时跟踪(1)用take place，happen的正确形式填空In 1919，the May 4 Movement took place in China.A big earthquake happened in Nepal in 2015.When will the basketball game take place?(2)单句改错Great changes in my hometown have been taken place during the last ten years.John had to work on the farm in the place of his lazy father.2.in memory of语境感悟(1)(教材P2)For the Japanese festival Obon，people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.在日本的盂兰盆节，人们要扫墓、烧香，以缅怀他们的祖先。(2)A great many college graduates went to the big cities in search of better jobs.许多大学毕业生去大城市寻找更好的工作。(3)I will try my best to help those in need of help.我会尽力帮助那些需要帮助的人们。归纳拓展in memory of纪念；追念，属于“inn.of”结构的短语，相同结构的短语还有：in honour of.为了向表示敬意；为纪念in search of.寻找in support of.支持in face of.面临in charge of.掌管in need of.需要 即时跟踪(1)同义句转换The Heroes Temple was built to remember those who gave their lives during the First World War.The Heroes Temple was built in memory/honour of those who gave their lives during the First World War.(2)用“inn.of”结构完成句子Can you tell me who is in charge of(负责) the whole company?My sister was against my suggestion，but my brother was in support of(支持) it.He showed great bravery in face of(面对) danger.3.dress up语境感悟(1)(教材P2)It is now a childrens festival，when they can dress up and go to their neighbours homes to ask for sweets.如今它成了孩子们的节日，这天他们可以乔装打扮，去邻居家要糖果吃。(2)We are going to dress the baby in new clothes and take her to the park.我们要给小孩子穿上新衣服，带她到公园去。(3)We must be dressed in school uniform at school.我们上学必须穿校服。归纳拓展dress up穿上盛装；打扮；装饰dress up as.装扮成；打扮成dress oneself自己穿衣dress sb.给某人穿衣be dressed in穿着(表示穿的状态)图解助记即时跟踪单句语法填空(1)Id like you to dress up for my birthday party tonight.(2)The girl looks very pretty when she is dressed in red.(3)The boy often dresses himself up as a soldier.(4)Dressed(dress) untidily and speaking in a strange way，Father must have appeared to the people present to be a silly old man.1.“主语be形容词不定式的主动形式”表示被动意义语境感悟(1)(教材P1)At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find，especially during the cold winter months.在那个时代，特别是在寒冷的冬季，如果难以找到食物，人们就会挨饿。(2)This kind of job is very easy for them to do.这种工作对他们来说是很容易做的。(3)Im glad to be told this good news.我很高兴你能告诉我这个好消息。归纳拓展“主语be形容词不定式的主动形式”表示被动意义的结构用法总结如下：(1)形容词多为表示事物特点或特征的词，如easy，difficult，hard，important等。(2)不定式和句子主语是动宾关系，但用主动形式表被动含义。(3)不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语(for sb.)。(4)不定式中的动词若是不及物动词，其后要加相应的介词。注意：表示喜、怒、哀、乐等情感的形容词，后跟不定式表原因，不可用不定式的主动表被动。 即时跟踪(1)用所给动词的正确形式填空This machine is very easy to operate(operate).Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier to break(break) into small pieces.There is a party tonight in honour of our new president，and I am honoured to be invited(invite).(2)同义句转换I find it difficult to work out this problem in such a short time.The problem is difficult for me to work out in such a short time.(3)单句改错The chair looks rather hard，but in fact it is very comfortable to sit .2.“with复合宾语”结构语境感悟(1)(教材P2)On this important feast day，people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them.在这个重要的节庆日子里，人们会吃制成颅骨形状的食物和装点有“骨头”的蛋糕。(2)He likes to sleep with the window open.他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。(3)With the boy leading the way，we found her house easily.由这个男孩带路，我们很容易找到了她的家。归纳拓展“with宾语宾语补足语”结构除在句中作后置定语外，还可作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式等。“with复合宾语”结构可归纳如下：with宾语宾补 即时跟踪(1)用所给动词的正确形式填空With a lot of work to finish(finish)，she wont go on a holiday.The man came in with his hands tied(tie).She fell asleep with the light burning(burn).(2)同义句转换He left the classroom but the lights were still on.He left the classroom with the lights on.(3)单句改错 time going on，its getting much warmer and warmer.或As time on，its getting much warmer and warmer.3.过去分词(短语)作定语语境感悟(1)(教材P2)The country，covered with cherry tree flowers，looks as though it is covered with pink snow.(樱花节里)整个国家都是盛开的樱花，看上去就像覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。(2)The broken glass has been thrown outside.碎玻璃片被扔到外面去了。(3)The book written by him is very popular.他写的那本书很受欢迎。(4)In autumn, fallen leaves can be seen everywhere.在秋天，到处可见落叶。归纳拓展教材原句中的covered with cherry tree flowers为过去分词短语作定语，相当于定语从句which is covered with cherry tree flowers。(1)单个的过去分词作定语，常置于被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语，常置于被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。(2)及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表示完成也表示被动，如语境感悟句(3)；不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示完成，如语境感悟句(4)。注意：(1)有些单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之后作后置定语。如left(剩下的，剩余的)，concerned(有关的)等。(2)过去分词修饰由some，any，no与body，thing，one构成的复合不定代词以及those时，放在这些词后面，作后置定语。(1)There is only a little food left.只剩下一点点食物了。(2)Nothing reported in the newspaper interested him.报纸上没有什么报道能引起他的兴趣。即时跟踪(1)用所给动词的正确形式填空In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden(hid) within the work.(2016江苏)Tsinghua University，founded(found) in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures.(2)单句改错It is one of the funniest things have found on the Internet so far this year.4.as though/if引导的从句语境感悟(1)(教材P2)The country，covered with cherry tree flowers，looks as though it is covered with pink snow.(樱花节里)整个国家都是盛开的樱花，看上去就像覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。(2)It looks as though it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨。(3)When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as though it were broken.当铅笔的一部分浸在水中时，铅笔看上去好像断了。归纳拓展(1)as though/if仿佛，好像，既可以引导表语从句，也可以引导方式状语从句。(2)as though/if从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时，通常用陈述语气，如语境感悟句(2)：事实上很可能要下雨；当其所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻时，通常用虚拟语气，如语境感悟句(3)：事实上铅笔没有断。注意：as though/if引导状语从句时，若主、从句主语一致或从句主语为it，且从句谓语中又含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略，从句就变成“as though/if形容词/名词/介词短语/分词/不定式等”。(1)Jason paused as if (he was) expecting Lanny to speak.Jason暂停下来，好像他在期待Lanny讲话。(2)He opened his mouth as though/if (he was) to say something.他张开嘴好像要说什么。 即时跟踪(1)用所给动词的正确形式填空It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done(do) it？(2014重庆)He glanced about as if to get(get) something.(2)完成句子Although it was the first time for them to meet，it seemed as though they had known each other for years(他们好像认识很多年了). .单句语法填空1.Our government protects citizens right to the freedom of religious(religion) belief.2.My secretary informed me of his arrival(arrive) in Shanghai.3.Have you ever seen the film directed(direct) by Zhang Yimou?4.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work when a good impression is a must.(2014江苏)5.We all looked at the hero with/in admiration.选词填空1.The villagers set up a monument in memory of the heroes who died in the war.2.They look forward to having another chance to do it.3.We dressed up for the school ball on Christmas Day.4.The girls worked day and night to finish the task on time.5.No one likes to be played a trick on.完成句子1.The hill covered with/by snow(被雪覆盖的) looks more beautiful.2.The boy looked at me as though I had known where his father was(知道他爸爸在哪儿).3.You can explain it to your teacher either in class or after class(在课堂上或下课后).4.He is easy to get on with(容易相处).5.With the floor wet(由于地板潮湿)，I had to stay outside.课文语法填空There are all kinds of festivals 1.throughout/around the world，which are held to satisfy and please the ancestors，to honour some famous people 2.or important events，or to express peoples gratitude to the God for bringing 3.them a year of plenty.For example，Japanese observe Obon,4.when people go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.In India，October 2 is a national festival to honour Mohandas Gandhi，who helped India become an 5.independent(independence) country.And in China the Spring Festival,6.which is celebrated in January or February is the most energetic and important festival because it is a festival that 7.looks(look) forward to the coming of spring.Why are all these festivals everywhere? 8.Because during the festivals，people can get together to eat，drink and have fun with each other,9.forgetting(forget) all the 10.daily(day) struggles and demands for a while. .语境填词A)根据汉语或首字母提示，写出所缺单词1.All night long the celebrations of victory(胜利) went on.2.Our English teacher is dressed in red today and she looks smart and energetic.3.They tried to find out the origin of that ancient belief.4.India gained its independence(独立) on August 15,1947.5.After many years of hard work，he won the award(奖) in the end.B)填写空白处所需的内容(1个单词)或所提供单词的正确形式6.The band were all dressed in green and red jackets.7.What fun it is to jump into the river to swim in summer!8.We were put into a position in which we either accept we were less important or fight the government.9.We admire the beauty(beautiful) of the full moon on Midautumn night.10.Great changes have taken(take) place in our school in the past 10 years.阅读理解(2016湖北部分重点中学高一月考)Nowadays，people in China are increasingly interested in celebrating foreign festivals，especially those western festivals.A survey conducted recently by showed that among the 18,222 people surveyed 63.90% said celebrating Christmas is just another way of enjoying life，nothing serious while 17.85% surveyed considered the festival as a fashion act，showing they were not “out”.These two parts clearly express the general opinion of the young.10.45% people involved said the celebration of a religious western festival with so much enthusiasm is absolutely unbelievable admire of foreign goodness.Only 7.80% of people consider Christmas as a kind of festival colonization(殖民).The arising of celebrating foreign festivals clearly has something to do with the advancement of Chinas economy.In my point of view，Christmas and other festivals celebrated in China have difference from the origin.They have lost their religious background and turned into a big occasion to have fun and enjoy life.Shop owners pockets are filled，the publics hunger for happiness is filled，and that is enough.Foreign festivals in China are more like carnivals giving people pleasure and enjoyment.The crisis of traditional Chinese festivals that are losing their attraction may be linked to the culture tradition and background of the festivals.Most Chinese festival culture is related more or le