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英语四级词汇解码,assert vt. 1.肯定地说,断言 2.维护,坚持 assert = as-(ad-=to表示方向)+sert(=cert=to judge判断,判定) vt. 1.肯定地说,断言 2.维护,坚持 We encouraged him to assert his view of the matter. 我们鼓励他坚持自己对此事的看法。 词形变化形容词: assertable名词: asserter动词过去式: asserted动词过去分词: asserted动词现在分词: asserting动词第三人称单数: asserts 语法用法注意区分assert和declare:He asserted that he was innocent.他申明他是无辜的.He asserted that his sister was innocent.以上表达方式是正确的。He asserted himself to be innocent.该表达方式是错误,应改为He declared himself (to be) innocent。,词义辨析assert, affirm, allege, maintain, testify, claim这些动词均含有“断言,声称”之意。assert: 主观意味强,指自认为某事就是如此,而不管事实如何。affirm: 侧重在作出断言时表现出的坚定与不可动摇的态度。allege: 多指无真凭实据,不提供证据的断言或宣称。maintain: 与assert近义,但前者指坚决维护某种主张或观点。testify: 多指在法庭作证,庄严地宣称自己所说属实。claim: 可与assert换用,但语气弱一些,侧重指行使自己的权利提出要求令他人承认。,order n.1.次序,顺序 2.定购,定货 3.治安,秩序 4.命令,嘱咐 5.整齐,有条理 6.订购,定单,定货 7.付款指令,付款说明 vt.1.命令,嘱咐 2.定购,定做,叫(菜饭等) order form 订单,订货单order quantity 订货数量mail order company 邮购公司place an order 下订单 词形变化名词: orderer 动词过去式: ordered 动词过去分词: ordered 动词现在分词: ordering 动词第三人称单数: orders 语法用法1、order作名词:在有些词组中前面不加冠词a/an/the,如in alphabetical order,in order of arrival,by order(奉命)等; 2、order作名词,在有些句子中要用复数形式orders。They received orders to start at once.The soldiers have orders not to let anybody come past.He is under orders to leave for Moscow next Monday.,3、order作名词或动词指“命令”时,语气较重,不能用在家人间。He ordered his son to buy a newspaper for him.这种表达方式是错误的4、order作动词或名词指“命令”时,后面可跟that从句,从句中用虚拟现在式。He orders that the work (should) be started at once.5、order作动词,后可跟宾语和不定式,不可直接跟不定式。He ordered them to start the work at once.6、order作名词指“订单”时,后面跟介词for。We have sent an order for a hundred copies of the book.我们下订单订了一百份这本书。7、order作名词指“订单”时,可跟动词execute或fill(美语中常用)表示“按照订单交货”。Your order for a hundred copies of the book has been executed/filled already.8、order后可跟双宾语.My mother has ordered me a new suit.,9、作名词时,order后还可跟for和款项表示订单金额。例:money/postal/post-office order for ¥200; in order to比单用to更加正式且语气重,口语中很少用in order to。正式程度从大到小:in order to,so as to,to。表目的还可以跟从句in order that; 10、in order在不同语境中有多重含义。Everything is in order.一切正常有序。The typewriter is in order.这台打字机工作正常。A fresh discussion of the question is now in order.现在正适合重新讨论这问题。 错句举例与错句分析错句: The soldiers were ordered standing at attention.订正: The soldiers were ordered to stand at attention.翻译: 士兵们收到命令立正站好。分析: order的宾语补足语只能是不定式,不可以是动名词。 词义辨析command, order, direction, instruction这些名词均含“命令”之意。,command: 较正式用词,强调权威性、全局性和强制性。order: 普通用词,侧重指具体的命令。direction: 正式用词,指口头或书面的指示或命令。内容不一定详尽,语气较缓和,不太强调强制性。也可指指导性的说明。instruction: 书面用词,指不容违反、不容推翻的命令。也多指包含具体说明的指示。order, bid, command这些动词均含有“命令”之意。order: 普通用词,多指上级对下级,主人对仆人以及教师对学生等发出的命令,也指态度专横地命令他人。bid: 与order同义,但较正式,文学意味强,多指口头直接下的命令。command: 话意强,指正式下令,强调下令者的权威性,要求必须服从。,conscious a.1.意识到的,自觉的 2.神志清醒的 3.有意的,存心的 conscience =con-(=com-=together共同)+sci-(=to know知道)+ -ence(可作名词后缀)=人人都知道的知识 n.良心,良知。 词形变化副词: consciously 语法用法一般情况下,conscious后常跟of或者that从句。She is conscious of her own mistakes.She is conscious that she is in fault.conscious与aware的区别:conscious通常比较正式,强调内心的意识,而aware则是指通过信息,或者感觉器官意识的。 错句举例与错句分析:错句: They became conscious of a particular smell in the room.订正: They became aware of a particular smell in the room.翻译: 他们意识到房间里有一股特殊的味道。分析: 注意conscious和aware的区别用法。,词义辨析aware, conscious, sensible这些形容词均含“意识到的”之意。aware: 强调通过耳闻目睹或感觉而得到的信息,也指敏锐的观察和推断。侧重感知,多与of一起用。conscious: 指内心的感觉,强调深刻的心理活动。sensible: 侧重通过直觉或理性感觉意识到某物的存在。,hazard n. 危险,公害 vt.1.尝试着做(或提出) 2.冒风险 词形变化动词过去式: hazarded 动词过去分词: hazarded 动词现在分词: hazarding 动词第三人称单数: hazards 词义辨析danger, risk, hazard, menace, peril, threat这些名词均含有“危险、威胁”之意。danger: 含义广,普通用词,指能够造成伤害、损害或不利的任何情况。risk: 指有可能发生的危险,尤指主动进行某种活动或去碰运气而冒的危险。hazard: 比risk正式,多指偶然发生的或无法控制的危险,常含较严重或有一定风险的意味。menace: 所指的危险性最严重,表示使用暴力或造成破坏性的可能。peril: 指迫在眉睫很有可能发生的严重危险。threat: 普通用词,语气弱于menace,指任何公开侵犯对方的言行,给对方构成危险或威胁。,venture, chance, dare, hazard, risk这些动词均含有“敢于冒险”之意。venture: 指冒风险试一试,或指有礼貌的反抗或反对。chance: 指碰运气、冒风险试试。dare: 可与venture换用,但语气较强,着重挑战或违抗。hazard: 主要指冒险作出某个选择,隐含碰运气意味。risk: 指不顾个人安危去干某事,侧重主动承担风险。,1.Slow and steady wins the race.稳扎稳打无往而不胜。 2.A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit.吃一堑,长一智。 3.Experience is the mother of wisdom.实践出真知。 4.More hasty,less speed.欲速则不达。 5.Its never too old to learn.活到老,学到老。 6.All that glitters is not gold.闪光的未必都是金子。 7. live not to eat,but eat to live.活着不是为了吃饭,吃饭为了活着。 8.The older, the wiser.姜是老的辣。 9.Do as Romans do in Rome.入乡随俗。 10.An idle youth,a needy age.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。,10句谚语,
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