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New Horizon College English Book 陈超Unit 2 Section A Iron and the Effects of ExercisePart One: Objectives 1. To learn more about iron and the benefits brought by exercise; 2. To develop related vocabulary; 3. To write an article in the cause-and-effect pattern; 4. To write a notice.Part Two: Warming up1. Label Reading Its good for your health to check the food label before you buy. But do you know how to read a nutrition facts label? Do you know all the nutrients on the label? Which nutrients should be limited? Which nutrients should be ensured?Calories 卡路里 Saturated Fat 饱和脂肪 Trans Fat 反式脂肪 Calcium 钙Cholesterol 胆固醇 Sodium 钠 Carbohydrate 碳水化合物 Iron 铁Dietary Fiber 食纤维质 Sugar 糖 Protein 蛋白质 Vitamin 维生素Zinc (锌) Copper (铜)2. Minerals help the body grow. CALCIUM is a mineral found in milk and cheese and helps to build strong bones and teeth. ZINC is a mineral that helps cells reproduce, preserve vision and boost immunity. IRON is another mineral that is important for healthy blood. Liver and green veggies are good sources of iron. COPPER is the mineral involved in the absorption, storage and metabolism of iron. It is found in the blood bound to proteins. Can you help Sue to find out what is the missing nutrient? Sue is a 13-year-old who doesnt eat grains or meat. She often feels tired or sluggish. Her doctor says her red blood cell count is too low. The missing nutrient is IRON. Iron is very important. Without it, you get anemia, a lack of red blood cells. Women need more iron than men because they lose blood during menstruation. You can get iron from foods in the grain and meat groups.3. What are the positive effects of exercise? 1) It stimulates the flow of our blood; 2) It builds up the speed with which our brains react to things around; 3) It improves our health conditions; 4) It helps foster our ambition for greater success or better balance of mind;1) Proper exercise can stimulate the flow of our blood, thus bettering our whole health conditions. 2) Regular exercise can greatly improve the speed with which our brains react to what is going on around us. 3) Good and progressive exercise can help foster our ambition for greater success or better balance of mind. 4. Whats the relationship between exercise and iron? 1) The more physical exercise we take, the more iron there will be in our blood; 2) The more physical exercise we have, the less iron there will be in our blood; 3) The amount of exercise has little bearing on the reserves of iron in our blood; Sad to say, the link between exercise and iron is that, the more physical exercise we take, the more chances we stand to suffer the loss of iron in the blood. If you find no way to feel refreshed through regular exercise, for example, you may be a victim of iron loss. And, if you are still in the dark about its gravity and go on with more intense exercise, you will invite a greater trouble.5. How does iron leak out of our blood? 1) It leaks through our sweat? 2) It leaks through our digestive system? And its victims include: 1) Those engaged in intense exercise? 2) The women of childbearing age? According to medical research, during our exercise, some iron disappears through sweat; and some other iron leaks as a result of the bleeding of our digestive system if our exercise is of intense kind. Besides, continual high-impact exercise may result in bleeding through small blood vessels in the feet. And iron may leak through some unknown mechanisms. Thus, iron loss or iron deficiency is more likely to happen among the people as follows: those who take part in intense endurance exercise; those whose digestive system is apt to bleed; and those who already live with the problem of poor iron status, like the women of childbearing age who have a monthly bleeding, and those who are going on a fat-reducing diet.6. How to remedy or prevent iron deficiency? 1) Take iron-fortified foods, such as ? 2) Enjoy diverse meat dishes on a regular basis, including ? 3) Eat Vitamin C-rich vegetables, like ? 4) Take iron supplements? 5) Drink tea or coffee over meals?To reverse or prevent iron deficiency, 1) Eat iron-fortified foods a lot, such as breakfast cereals;2) Enjoy diverse meat dishes on a regular basis, including dishes of red meat, fish, and poultry;3) Eat Vitamin C-rich vegetables and fruits, like tomatoes, oranges, peppers, and dates;4) Dont take iron supplements, for they have side effects;5) Never drink tea or coffee at the meal time because substances in tea and coffee will interfere with iron being absorbed into the body.7. Do you often go in for physical exercise and whats your art of exercising? Yes, I do. There is nothing new in my way of exercising, but there are two practices I always cling to: 1) I never try to follow the fashion. No matter whether the hula loop or the social dancing is in, my interest in the same exercise remains what it has been. 2) The forms of my exercise change with my age. When I was in teens and twenties, I was fond of playing balls; when I was middle-aged, I turned my interest to table-tennis; and now I am getting on in years, so I become addicted to tai chi, an exercise suitable to the senior.8. What principles should new exercisers pay attention to? Here are the insights gleaned from my own experience in physical exercise: 1) Before you take any physical exercise, you must have a clear idea about what kind of exercise is good for your health as well as suitable to your own physical conditions. 2) Once you start your program of exercise, both progressiveness and regularity become two key ingredients in your smooth implementation of the program. 3) With the amount of your exercise on a gradual increase, you should add more iron-rich foods to your diet.9. Iron Challenge1) Everyone needs iron to grow and stay healthy. It is found in many parts of the body. Choose one thing iron works in your body: a. It helps your fingernails stay smooth. b. It helps to carry oxygen from lungs to cells. c. It helps your hair stay healthy. d. It helps to strengthen your muscles.B. Iron carries oxygen from your lungs to all parts of your body. Iron also builds red blood cells. Without enough iron, you may feel tired and have trouble concentrating.2) Everyone requires a different amount of dietary iron to stay healthy. Which of the groups below needs the most iron each day? a. infants,7-12 months old b. teen girls,14-18 years old c. men,19-50 years old d. women,19- 50 years oldD. Women 1950 years old need more iron than any other age groups. Women need the most iron because they lose varying amounts during the menstruation (月经期).3) You may be iron deficient if you are a woman and _. a. have a long menstrual period b. donate blood often c. dont eat meat, fish or poultry d. all of the aboveD. Blood loss of any kind and not eating meat, fish or poultry may lead to iron deficiency.4) There are two types of iron. One is heme(亚铁血红素), which is easily absorbed by the body; and the other is non-heme, which is not as well absorbed. Choose one food that contains heme iron. a. bran flakes b. beef hamburger c. eggs d. red kidney beansB. Heme iron is found in all meat, fish and poultry. Non-heme iron, which is not so well absorbed, can be found in foods such as nuts, beans, cereals and eggs.5) Meat, fish and poultry contain different amounts of heme iron. Choose the food withthe most heme iron. a. salmon steak b. beef tenderloin c. chicken breast d. pork tenderloinB. Redder or darker meats tend to have more heme iron. For example, chicken legs (dark meat) have more heme iron than chicken breast (light meat).6) You may be iron deficient if you _. a. often feel tired b. look pale c. have difficulty concentrating d. all of the aboveD. Symptoms of iron deficiency may include: looking pale, feeling tired, having trouble concentrating, feeling out of breath, not having enough energy, and feeling irritable. 7) The amount of non-heme iron you absorb is affected by other foods. Choose one food that increases the absorption of non-heme iron. a. oranges b. whole grain breads c. yoghurt d. TeaA. Oranges are a good source of vitamin C, which can increase the amount of non-heme iron absorbed by up to four times. Meat, fish and poultry can also increase the absorption of non- heme iron. Substances in tea and coffee can lower the amount of non-heme iron your body can use. 8) People who do not eat meat, fish or poultry need to _. a. eat foods enriched or fortified with iron b. have vitamin C-rich foods with their meals c. avoid tea and coffee during their meals d. do all of the above D. Meat, fish or poultry and vitamin C-rich foods increase the absorption of non-heme iron in thediet. People who mostly have non-heme iron each day, need to consume more iron to meet their bodies need. 9) How much boiled spinach would you need to eat to equal the iron available in a servingof sirloin steak? a. 1cup/ 250ml b. 2cups/ 500ml c. 3cups/ 750mlB. You need to have two cups of spinach to equal the amount of iron absorbed from a 90 gram serving of beef sirloin. 10) A good way to maintain a healthy level of iron in the body is to _. a. eat iron-fortified breakfast cereals often b. enjoy a variety of meat dishes on a regular basis c. include vitamin C-rich vegetables in your meals d. do all of thesePart Three: Related Information1. Purdue University is a coeducational, state-assisted university in Indiana, US. Founded in 1869 and named after benefactor John Purdue, the university is one of the nations leading research institutions with a reputation for excellent and affordable education. Building upon historical strengths in engineering and agriculture, the West Lafayette campus of the university currently offers 7,400 courses in more than 500 undergraduate majors and specializations in the schools of Agriculture, Consumer and Family Sciences, Education, Engineering, Health Sciences, Liberal Arts, Management, Nursing, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science, Technology, and Veterinary Medicine. Programs of graduate study and research leading to advanced degrees fall under the jurisdiction of the Graduate School. For more information about Purdue University, please visit http:/www.purdue.edu.2. About Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise features original investigations, clinical studies, and comprehensive reviews on current topics in sports medicine and exercise science. With this leading multidisciplinary journal, exercise physiologists, physiatrists, physical therapists, team physicians, and athletic trainers get a vital exchange of information from basic and applied science, medicine, education, and allied health fields. Its original articles report on new educational developments as well as sound physical fitness practices and the treatment of sports injuries. The journal helps readers enhance their basic understanding about the role of physical activity in human health and function.3. Health and Fitness in U.S. Health and fitness are big businesses in the US. Nationwide vitamin stores like GNC (General Nutrition Center) and Vitamin World can be found at malls and shopping centers. Exercise and fitness clubs like Bally Total Fitness and 24-Hour Fitness (which is open 24 hours a day) have hundreds of locations in the US, with tens of thousands of members paying fifty to a hundred dollars or more per month. Every few months, a new fitness craze will come along. The Atkins Diet, Noni juice, and the South Beach Diet are just a few recent ones. You can also find hundreds of exercise videos for sale, teaching Yoga, Tai-chi, Pilates, aerobic exercise and more. Unfortunately, even with all this interest in health and fitness, obesity is becoming more common, even in children.4. Iron and Food5. A Guide to Daily Food Choice for Active People6. Seeing a Doctorbruise 瘀伤，擦伤 cast 石膏 kneecap 膝盖 steep陡峭 precaution 防范sedate 给服镇静剂 release 出院 medication 药物治疗Part Four: Text UnderstandingI. Idea CatchingThe Birth of the TextFactor I: It has long been taken for granted that exercise does us no harm but good.Factor II: Thus, it is still unknown to us that exercise may result in iron deficiency.Factor III: And few of us are clear about how to deal effectively with the problem.Author: The writer feels that there is much need for us to know better about it.II. Structure Analysis1. What is the text mainly about? Exercise may lead to more loss of iron in females, which in turn produces serious effects on their health. According to sports medicine experts, active women should pay more attention to iron deficiency in their bodies and take correct measures to remedy it before it really becomes a problem. 2. How is the text organized? The writer tackles the topic in accord with the pattern of “problem-cause-effect-suggestion”. The text starts with a newly-found problem with exerciseiron loss; then follow analyses of both causes and consequences of the problem; and it ends up by giving advice on how to remedy the problem. So the text structurally falls into four parts as below: ProblemMain Idea: As a newly-found problem, exercise, even moderate exercise, may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women.Devices: Citation (Para.2): Roseanne M. Lyles study of 62 formerly inactive women who began exercising three times a week for six months was published in the journal Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.CauseMain Idea: Causes for iron deficiency of women: Their problem is a result of monthly bleeding, rejecting red meat, and more exercise that leads to more loss of iron through a variety of mechanisms.Devices: General-Special (Para.6): Exercise can result in iron loss through a variety of mechanisms. (G.) Some iron , and Athletes (S.)EffectMain Idea: Effects of iron deficiency: One often feels weak, tired, and out of breath; and exercise performance is severely compromised. And, once your iron reserves go to zero, you are in trouble.Devices: General-Specific(Para.7): There are three stages of iron deficiency. (G.) The first in the second stage in the third and final stage (S.) SuggestionMain Idea: Suggestions: 1) Have a yearly test to check blood iron reserves; 2) Add more iron-rich foods to diet; 3) Dont take iron supplements; 4) Cook in iron pans; 5) Never drink tea or coffee with meals; 6) Pay more attention to warning signs.Devices: Induction (Para. 9): Known facts: 1) Most people have no idea of iron deficiency; 2) Traditional tests are not sufficient; 3) Men are not safe, if Conclusion: Have a yearly blood test.Part I (Para.1- 3) Central topic + Supporting detailsCentral Topic: Exercise, even moderate exercise, may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women.Supporting details: A new study is cited to support the topic.Part II (Para. 4 - 6) 1 Effect + 2 CausesEffect (Para. 4): Iron deficiency is very common among women. Teenagers: 1/4 women aged 18 to 45: 1/5 active women: 80% women of childbearing age: at greatest riskCause 1 (Para. 5)Cause 2 (Para. 6)Main idea: This part is about the causes for both iron deficiency among women in general and more serious deficiency among active women. Devices for developing it: Cause and effect (因果法); Quotation (引言法)Part III (Paras. 7-12) Problems + Solutions3 stages of iron deficiency (Para. 7-8)Check iron deficiency (Para. 9)Suggested ways to correct iron deficiency (Para. 10-12)Main idea: The author makes clear both the effects of iron deficiency on peoples health and the importance of checking iron reserves to active people. The author gives his advice on how to remedy iron deficiency.Devices for developing it: Exemplification (举例法); Quotation (引言法)Part Five: Notes To The Text New words and expressions1. to lead to reduced iron 导致缺铁 新规定应有助于我们淡水供应的改善。 The new regulations should lead to an improvement in our fresh water supply.2. to bounce back (遭受挫败损失后)很快恢复 我们足球队遭受一连串的失败后又东山再起了。 Our football team bounced back from a series of defeats.3. in general 通常, 大体上说 运动促进大脑的功能，因此，通常情况下，经常参加体育锻炼的学生学习成绩好。 Exercise stimulates the brain, so in general, students who take regular exercise achieve better results in their studies.4. one in/out of four female teenagers 在10多岁的少女中有四分之一 在这个地区，他很有名，以至于当地人中有三 分之一都认识他。 He is so famous in that area that one in/out of three local people know him.5. up to (80 percent) 多达(百分之八十), 上至 这位影星受到她的国家里每个人的喜欢,上至总统,下到扫地的男孩。 This film star finds favor with everyone in her country, up to the president and down to the boy who sweeps the floor.6. to take in 吸收，理解 她聚精会神地听讲,听懂了他说的每个字并不时地问问题。 She listened attentively, taking in every word he said and asking questions from time to time.7. to be at greatest/more risk of 危险最大/更大 浅色皮肤的人比深色皮肤的人患皮肤癌的危险性更大。 Those with fair skin are more at risk of skin cancers than those with dark skin.8. plus, 而且;此外 爱国主义教育可以使青少年更好地了解民族的昨天。此外,它还有助于青少年更加珍惜今天的生活。 Patriotic education enables teenagers to know better about the nations yesterday. Plus, it helps them hold todays life dearer.9. in an effort to (do sth.) 为了 他们为了消除蝗灾正设法把十万只母鸡运往家乡。 They were trying to transport one hundred thousand hens to their hometown in an effort to wipe out the plague of locusts.10. to be liable to 可能；有倾向 不仔细调查研究，你就会得出错误结论。 Without careful investigation, youre liable to come to wrong conclusions. 11. to tip her over the edge into a more serious deficiency 导致体内缺铁状况的恶化 一个月的持续高温天气使江西省的旱情更加严重。 A months continuous high-temperature climate tipped the drought in Jiangxi Province over the edge into more seriousness.12. to result in iron loss 导致铁离子的流失 工作时心不在焉可能导致严重的事故。 Absent-mindedness in performing ones duty may result in serious accidents.13. to be lost in sweat / ones work / thought/ amazement 随汗液流失/埋头工作沉思不胜惊奇 我们大家都被眼前的美景所吸引。 We were all lost in admiration of the beauty before our eyes.14. to be associated with 与相联系 现在人们往往把爱情与物质财富联系起来。 Nowadays people tend to associate love with material wealth.15. to be out of breath/ date/ tune with 气喘吁吁/过时了/与格格不入 在一些人眼里，艰苦朴素的精神已经与我们的时代格格不入了。 In the eyes of some people, the spirit of hard work and plain living has been out of tune with our times.16. to go to zero 耗尽，用完 面对我们的强大攻势，敌人的士气丧失殆尽。 In the face of our strong offensive, the spirit of the enemy went to zero.17. to be most likely to have low iron stores 铁离子储量最有可能偏低 你越接近自然，你越可能去保护生态平衡。 The closer you get to nature, the more likely you are to protect the balance of nature. 18. to undo the problem 解决问题 解决水土流失问题的最好办法是退耕还林。 The best way to undo the problem of soil erosion is to reforest the cultivated land.19. to add more iron-rich foods to the diet 在食谱中增加含铁丰富的食物 二十多年的改革开放使我们的生活丰富多彩。 More than twenty years of reform and opening-up has added color and variety to our life.20. to produce a feeling of wanting to throw up 使人想呕吐 这里的美景使人想放声歌唱。 The beautiful view here produces a feeling of wanting to sing heartily.21. to derive iron from the pan 从铁锅中吸收铁离子 派克的世界性声望源于他精湛的演技。 Pecks worldwide popularity derived from his excellent acting.22. to be a lot more carefulparticular about their food choices 特别注意选择饮食 对于过分挑剔食物的人，完全有必要
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