一起学托福阅读之数字技术

一起学托福阅读之数字技术数字技术是怎样影响我们的工作的呢？正在备考托福的大家有没有兴趣一边阅读找到答案，一边为托福阅读备考学习我们的词汇和长难句，以及如何分析一篇文章的结构呢？让我们一边读下面的托福阅读素材一边学习吧。Advanced digital technologies are swiftly changing the kinds of skills that jobs require.数字技术引领工作方式快速变革先看看有哪些单词可以积累：疑难词：Digital n. 数字；键adj. 数字的swiftly adv. 很快地；敏捷地；即刻strivevi. 努力；奋斗flexibleadj. 灵活的occupation n. 职业；占有conference n. 会议；讨论capabilities n. 能力(capability的复数)；功能；性能perception n. 知觉；洞察力augur n. 预言者vt. 预言People in all lines of work should strive to be flexible about acquiring new skills and even about changing their occupations.从事各行各业的人都应该奋力去灵活应对工作变化：获得新技能，甚至跳槽。How are improvements in digital technology changing the nature of human work?数字技术的进步怎样推动了工作方式变革？A team of researchers from the MIT Sloan School of Management and the Masdar Institute in Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, have taken a close look at that question. In a paper called “Racing With and Against the Machine: Changes in Occupational Skill Composition in an Era of Rapid Technological Advance,” Frank MacCrory, George Westerman and Erik Brynjolfsson of the MIT Sloan School and Yousef Alhammadi of the Masdar Institute studied the U.S. governments O*NET database of occupational skill requirements in 2006 and 2014 and analyzed the types of skills that jobs required in both years. Their paper was named the best conference paper at the 2014 International Conference on Information Systems.来自麻省理工斯隆管理学院和马斯达尔学院的研究者对此问题进行了深入研究。在论文“与机器的赛跑与对抗:在技术迅猛发展的时代，职业技能组成的 变化”中，四位学者通过美国政府职业信息网研究了2006年和2014年职业技能需求，并分析了这两个年份中的技能类型。这篇论文还获得了2014年国际 信息与系统科学会议最佳论文奖。The researchers found that there were significant changes in skill requirements over the 2006-2014 time period. For example, as machines capabilities have increased in areas such as visual perception and voice perception think Google Inc.s self-driving car project or Apple Inc.s Siri jobs in the U.S. have started requiring those skills less. And as computers take over more routine work, jobs involve less supervision of people (since more and more people are, in effect, supervising machines rather than humans). For instance, the researchers note that in the past, an architect might have supervised draftsmen；todays architects instead work with CAD software.研究者们发现在2006年到2014年期间，在职业技能需求上有很大的变化。例如：由于在视觉、语音感知领域机器功能日益强大脑补一下谷歌的 无人驾驶汽车项目或者苹果公司的语音控制-美国提供的这类工作岗位减少。并且，随着计算机可以取代人类完成一些日常工作，需要人去监管的工作就少了(自 从人们开始监管的是机器而不是监管人开始)。比如，研究者提到，从前建筑师要指导绘图员，现在只需要辅助制图软件。By contrast, some job skills have grown in importance in particular, the ability to work with equipment such as computers. Demand also grew for skills in some areas in which machines havent made many inroads. The average occupation in the U.S. in 2014 more heavily emphasized interpersonal skills an area where computers cant yet compete with humans than a comparable job in 2006.相比之下，有些工作技能越来越受重视尤其是和计算机相关的工作。在一些机器还没有足够利用到的领域这样的工作需求更是出现增长之势。在美国，2014年每一份职业对人际关系的重视要比2006年更多，因为在这一领域，计算机与人类还没得比。Even more important than the specific changes in job skills, however, is what the changes augur for the future. The authors advise that, given the extremely rapid progress taking place in digital technologies, people in all lines of work should strive to be flexible about acquiring new skills and even about changing their occupations.比工作技能有哪些变革更重要的是，这些变革后暗藏的未来预言。笔者建议，既然数字技术有这么重大快速的进步，各行各业的人们都应该努力灵活应对工作变化：获得新技能，甚至跳槽。也许这些句子有点难度，来看看：长难句：1.For example, as machines capabilities have increased in areas such as visual perception and voice perception think Google Inc.s self-driving car project or Apple Inc.s Siri jobs in the U.S. have started requiring those skills less.句子类型：时间状语从句+插入语句子拆分：主干：Jobs in the U.S. have started requiring those skills less.时间状语从句：as machines capabilities have increased in areas such as visual perception and voice perception插入语：think Google Inc.s self-driving car project or Apple Inc.s Siri翻译：随着在视觉、语音感知领域机器功能日益强大脑补一下谷歌的无人驾驶汽车项目或者苹果公司的语音控制-美国提供的这类工作岗位减少。2. For instance, the researchers note that in the past, an architect might have supervised draftsmen；todays architects instead work with CAD software.句子类型：宾语从句句子类型：主干：the researchers note that宾语从句：that in the past, an architect might have supervised draftsmen；todays architects instead work with CAD software.翻译：that in the past, an architect might have supervised draftsmen；todays architects instead work with CAD software.3. The average occupation in the U.S. in 2014 more heavily emphasized interpersonal skills an area where computers cant yet compete with humans than a comparable job in 2006.句子类型：定语从句句子拆分：主干：The average occupation in the U.S. in 2014 more heavily emphasized interpersonal skills than a comparable job in 2006.定语从句：an area where computers cant yet compete with humans翻译：在美国，2014年每一份职业对人际关系的重视要比2006年更多，因为在这一领域，计算机与人类还没得比。文章结构特点：文章从问题：数字技术怎样引起职业技能变革？出发，先展示了研究结果，包括职业需求变化；以及与机器相关工作技能受重视，然后强调：更重要的是可能引起的未来变化，所以应该做些什么。第一部分：数字技术引发的工作技能变革。第二部分：主题：应该努力灵活应对。希望大家可以在读完文章之后学到很多，也希望大家把面对的每篇托福阅读当做是宝藏，为托福备考寻到宝。更多托福考试资讯请关注前程百利。