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Unit2TheUnitedKingdom,知识归纳,(一)基本单词1._vt.澄清;阐明2._vt.完成;达到;实现3._n.矛盾;冲突4._vi.组成;在于;一致5._prep.加上;和adj.加的;正的;零上的,clarify,acplish,conflict,consist,plus,知识清单,6._n.争吵;争议;吵架vi.争吵;吵架7._adj.相同的;类似的8._adj.壮丽的;辉煌的;极好的9._n.错误;过失;谬误10._vt.使激动;使胆战心惊,quarrel,alike,splendid,error,thrill,(二)派生单词11._vi.粗糙地,unite,united,union,convenience,convenient,rough,roughly,14._vt.吸引;引起注意_n.有趣的东西;吸引人之物_adj.有吸引力的15._n.描写;描述_vt.描写;描述,attract,attraction,attractive,description,describe,16._adj.配备好装备的;带家具的_vt.装备;(用家具等)布置(房间、公寓);提供17._n.可能(性)_adj.可能的;合理的18._vt.筹备;安排;整理_n.安排;筹备,furnished,furnish,possibility,possible,arrange,arrangement,19._vt.折叠;对折_(反义词)vt.打开20._n.快乐;高兴;喜悦vt.使高兴;使欣喜_adj.高兴的;快乐的_adj.令人高兴的,fold,unfold,delight,delighted,delighting,1.由组成_2.把分成_3.谈到;说到;参考;涉及_4.挣脱(束缚);脱离_5.为带来荣誉;值得赞扬;在名下_,consistof,divideinto,referto,breakaway(from),toonescredit,6.省去;遗漏;不考虑_7.代替_8.(机器)损坏;破坏_,leaveout,taketheplaceof,breakdown,(三)短语,1.Itlookedsplendidwhenfirstbuilt！whenfirstbuilt是whenitwasfirstbuilt的省略形式。,(四)句式,2.ItseemedstrangethatthemanwhohaddevelopedmunismshouldhavelivedanddiedinLondon.Itseemed.that结构,课文原句:YoucanclarifythisquestionifyoustudyBritishhistory.但如果你学过英国历史,就能弄清楚这个问题。,1.clarifyv.澄清;阐明,核心要点,(一)单词,【归纳】clarifysth.澄清;讲清楚clarify从句阐明;澄清seek/askforclarificationof/on弄清楚/阐明【拓展】clarificationn.澄清;阐明,完成句子。1)我希望这能阐明我的立场。Ihopethis_.2)她要他说清楚他是什么意思。Sheaskedhimto_.3)我正在努力弄清楚这些规则。Im_theregulation.,clarifiesmyposition,clarifywhathemeant,seekingclarificationof/on,2.conflictn.冲突,课文原句:HappilythiswasacplishedwithoutconflictwhenKingJamesofScotlandbecameKingofEnglandandWalesaswell.令人庆幸的是，当英格兰的詹姆斯国王成为英格兰和威尔士的国王时，这三个国家和平地实现了联合。,【归纳】conflict作名词时，意为：冲突，争执(常和介词between及over连用，也可用于inconflictwithsb.结构，意为“和发生冲突”)；矛盾，抵触(常用于inconflictwithsth.结构，意为“与不一致/矛盾”)e.g.Therewasalotofconflictbetweenhimandhisfather.,Themanagementteamwantstoresolvetheconflictoverwages.Johnisofteninconflictwithhisboss.Manyoftheseideasappeartobeinconflictwitheachother.conflict作动词时,意为“冲突,抵触”,可与介词with连用。e.g.Theiraccountofeventsconflictswithours.,完成句子。1)她发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母存在着分岐。Shefoundherself_herparentsoverherfuturecareer.2)这些结果与早期的发现相矛盾。Theseresults_earlierfindings.,inconflictwith,conflictwith,3.conveniencen.便利;方便,课文原句:Englandisthelargestofthefourcountries,andforconvenienceitisdividedroughlyintothreezones.在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的。为了方便，它大致可以划分为三个地区。,【归纳】for(thesakeof)convenience为了方便起见atonesconvenience在某人方便时fortheconvenienceof为了方便toonesconvenience对某人方便(合适),【拓展】convenientadj.方便的;便利的beconvenientforsb./sth.对于是方便的ifconvenient如果方便的话sthisconvenienttosb.某事对某人很方便,【温馨提示】convenience意为“方便,便利”时为不可数名词;表示“便利的事物,便利设施”时为可数。convenient用作形容词,作表语时主语不能是人,多用于“Itisconvenientforsb.todosth.”这一句型。,4.attractvt.吸引;引起,课文原句:Itisapitythattheindustrialcitiesbuiltinthenineteenthcenturydonotattractvisitors.很遗憾，这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。,【归纳】attractonesattention/mind/eyes=attracttheattentionofsb.吸引某人的注意力或目光attractsb.tosth.吸引某人关注某事,【拓展】attractionn.有趣的东西;吸引人的物haveno/alittle/muchattractionforsb.对某人不具有/有一点/很有吸引力attractiveadj.有吸引力的;引起注意的;引起兴趣的,完成句子。1)TheearthquakewhichhappenedinIndiainSeptember2011also_(吸引注意力)ofthepublic.2)Thetelevision_(没吸引力)forme.3)Thenewcartonis_(对有吸引力)children.,attracted,hasnoattention,theattention,attractiveto,5.arrangev.筹备;安排;整理;布置,课文原句：Theyhadnotimetoarrangetheirownwedding,他们没有时间筹备他们自己的婚礼,【归纳】arrangetodosth.安排做某事arrangesth.forsb.为某人安排某事arrangeforsb.todosth.安排某人做某事arrange(withsb.)todosth.(与某人)约定干某事arrangethat.商定;安排,【拓展】arrangementn.安排,筹备makearrangementsfor安排好,【温馨提醒】表示“安排某人做某事”用arrangeforsb.todosth.,而不用arrangesb.todosth.。makearrangementsfor中的arrangement常用复数形式。,完成句子。1)我和她约定8点钟见面。I_at8:00.2)经理安排格林小姐去机场接一位外宾。Themanager_aforeignguestattheairport.3)当地报纸安排对那位著名的科学家进行采访。Thelocalnewspaper_aninterviewwiththefamousscientist.,arrangedwithhertomeet,arrangedforMissGreen,madearrangements,tomeet,for,6.delightn.快乐;高兴;喜悦vt.(使)欣喜,课文原句:HerfirstdelightwasgoingtotheTower.她最先想参观的地方是伦敦塔。,【归纳】delight作不可数名词时,意为“快乐,高兴”,常用结构:with/indelight高兴地;tothedelightofsb./tosb.sdelight让某人高兴的是;takedelightin以为乐。e.g.Thekidsarescreamingwith/indelight.Shewonthegameeasily,tothedelightofallherfans.Toourgreatdelight,thedayturnedoutfine.,Heseemedtotakedelightinembarrassingme.delight作可数名词时,意为“令人高兴的事,乐趣”。e.g.Itwasadelighttoseehimsofitandhealthy.delight作动词时,意为“使快乐,使高兴”,常用结构:delightsb.with.用使某人高兴;delightin以为乐。e.g.Heisdelightingaudienceswithhishumour.Rosedelightedinsharingherloveofbirdswithchildren.,【拓展】delightedadj.高兴的;快乐的bedelightedat/with/by为某事而高兴bedelightedtodosth.为而高兴bedelightedthat.高兴delightfuladj.令人愉快的;讨人喜欢的,用delight相关短语的适当形式填空。1)I_books.2)She_beingsurroundedbyadmirers.3)Tom_thesensationhewascreating.4)_allhisfans,hewonthegameeasily.5)_thegoodnews,shecouldnthelpcrying.,takedelightin,delightsin,wasdelightedat,Tothedelightof,Delightedat,7.thrillv.使激动;使胆战心惊n.兴奋;激动;激动的事,课文原句:Butshewasthrilledbysomanywonderfultreasuresfromdifferentculturesdisplayedinthemuseum.但是她感到最为震惊的却是博物馆里展出的那么来自不同文化的奇妙宝物。,【归纳】bethrilledabout/at/withsth.因某事而欣喜若狂bethrilledtodosth.做某事感到高兴givesb.athrill使某人激动withthrill兴奋地bethrilling令人震颤的;令人感动的,1.consistof由组成,课文原句:HowmanycountriesdoestheUKconsistof?英国是由几个国家组成的？,(二)短语,【归纳】consistin=liein存在于;在于consistwith一致;符合【拓展】bemadeupof由组成beposedof由组成,【温馨提示】consistof不能用于进行时态和被动语态。,一句多译。该队由20位选手组成。(1)_(2)_(3)_,Theteamconsistsoftwentymembers.,Theteamisposedoftwentymembers.,Theteamismadeupoftwentymembers.,2.divide.into把分成,课文原句:Englandcanbedividedintothreemainareas.英格兰可以分成三个地区。,【归纳】divide.between/among/with在之间分配/分担/分享divide.by用除以bedividedby被除以bedividedinto被分成divide.inhalf/twohalves把分成两半divideup分开；划分,【辨析】divideinto/separatefromdivideinto常指把某个整体划分为若干部分。separatefrom表示“将与分开”,指把原来连在一起或靠近的分隔开来。,完成句子。1)苹果被一分为二。Theapple_two.2)英国和法国被英吉利海峡分开。England_FrancebytheEnglishChannel.,wasdividedinto,isseparatedfrom,3.breakawayfrom挣脱(束缚);脱离,课文原句:However,thesouthernpartofIrelandwasunwillingandbrokeawaytoformitsowngovernment.然而,爱尔兰地南部却不愿意而分离出去了,并建立了自己的政府。,【归纳】breakdown(会谈)破裂;失败;(汽车等)出故障;(人的健康状况)变得恶劣;(化学物)分解breakin闯入;打岔breakoff中断;折断breakinto闯入breakout爆发;发生breakup驱散;分散;打碎;终止breakthrough突围;突破,用break短语的适当形式填空。1)Hiscar_onthewaytoworkthismorning.2)Thefiremust_afterthestaffhadgone.3)Ifhecarriesonworkinglikethis,hell_soonerorlater.4)TheAmericansouthernstateswantedto_theUnion.,brokedown,havebrokenout,breakdown,breakawayfrom,4.leaveout省去;遗漏;不考虑;忽视,课文原句:Whichcountryisleftout?哪个国家省略了？,【归纳】leavealone不管;不理会leaveaside(把某事)搁置一边leavebehind留下;忘带;遗留leavefor动身去leaveoff停止;中断,用适当的介/副词填空。1)Sheleft_thedateonthecheque.2)Waitdontleaveme_！3)Leaveher_.Sheisinamoodnow.4)Mr.WhitewillleaveBoston_Beijingwithhiswife.,out,behind,alone,for,5.taketheplaceof代替,课文原句:Allofthewordsbelowcantaketheplaceofsaid,以下所有的单词都可以替换为说,【拓展】takeonesplace就位;代替inplaceof代替;取代takeplace发生;举办;举行outof/inplace不/在适当的位置;不/在原处inthefirstplace最初;首先;第一,【辨析】takeplace/taketheplaceof/takeonesplacetakeplace通常指经过计划、安排而“产生”或者“发生”。taketheplaceof表示“代替,接替(某人的职务或工作等)”,也可写为:takeonesplace。takeonesplace除了可以替换taketheplaceof外,还可表示“就座,到某人应去的位置上”,其中ones与句中的主语指同一个人。,完成句子。1)运动会将在何时举行？Whenwillthesportsmeeting_?2)今天你能顶替王先生吗？他病了。Canyou_Mr.Wangtoday?Heissick.3)好了,大家各就各位,演出马上就要开始了。Now,everybody_.Theshowwillbegininaminute.,takeplace,taketheplaceof,takeshisplace,1.Itlookedsplendidwhenfirstbuilt!whenfirstbuilt是whenitwasfirstbuilt的省略形式。在状语从句中从句的主语与主句的主语一致或主语为it,且谓语部分含有be动词时,这时可把从句的主语(或it)连同be动词省略掉,省略后的部分为“从属连词分词/介词短语/形容词/名词(短语)等”。e.g.When(shewas)agirl,shewroteanovel.当她还是一个女孩时,她写了一部小说。,(三)句式,句型转换。1)Shesattherealoneasifshewerethinkingofsomething.Shesattherealoneasif_.2)Icecanbechangedintowaterifitisheated.Icecanbechangedintowaterif_.,something,heated,thinkingof,3)Youcanaskhimforhelpwhenyouareintrouble.Youcanaskhimforhelp_.4)Ifitispossible,Illgotoseemygrandparentsthisweekend._,Illgotoseemygrandparentsthisweekend.,trouble,Ifpossible,whenin,2.ItseemedstrangethatthemanwhohaddevelopedmunismshouldhavelivedanddiedinLondon.Itseems/isstrangethat.句型表示“很奇怪”,it是形式主语,that引导的名词性从句是真正的主语;注意that从句中谓语使用“should动词原形/havedone”,此时should表示对所发生的事情感到吃惊,一般译为“竟然”。,e.g.他竟然会对父母说出那样的话。Itwasstrangethatheshouldhavesaidthattohisparents.机会出现时,他竟然没有抓住,真是奇怪。Itisstrangethatheshouldfailtoseizethechancewhenitarose.,【温馨提示】Itsnatural/important/necessary/apity/ashamethat.句型中,从句的谓语使用“should动词原形”,should表示必要性,惊讶、气愤等情感。e.g.Itsapitythatatopstudentshouldfailtopassthefinalexamination.一位顶尖的学生竟然没有通过期末考试,真遗憾。,完成句子。1)真可耻他竟然在公交车上偷那个女孩的钱包。Itsashamehe_agirlswalletonthebus.2)那条大狗很自然地照顾她的孩子。Itsnaturalthattheolddog_herbaby.,shouldsteal,shouldlookafter,过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动的、完成的动作，宾语补足语与宾语之间常常存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。,语法,【归纳】可以接过去分词作宾语补足语的(短语)动词有：1.watch,see,observe,lookat,hear,listento,find,notice等感官动词。e.g.Iwatchedthedeskcarriedoutoftheclassroom.Themanfoundhishometownentirelydestroyed.,2.make,get,have,keep,leave等使役动词。e.g.Mymotherhasherhaircuteverytwomonths.Wemustgettheworkfinishedbefore6oclock.Thespeakerdidntknowhowtomakehimselfunderstood.,3.want,order等表示希望、命令等意义的动词。e.g.Allofuswantedsuchquestionsdiscussedatthemeeting.Themanagerorderedtheproblemsettledassoonaspossible.,【拓展】介词with后也可接过去分词作宾语补足语，构成with复合结构。e.g.Withmoreflowersplanted,thegardenlooksverybeautiful.动词ing形式、过去分词和不定式作宾语补足语的区别动词ing形式和不定式作宾语补足语，宾语是其动作的执行者。动词ing形式强调动作的正在进行或延续性，不定式强调动作的全过程。,过去分词作宾语补足语，通常宾语是其动作的承受者，多强调动作的完成。e.g.DidyouhearsomeonesingingaFrenchsongjustnow?(someone与singing之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，singing表示的动作正在发生。),DidyouhearsomeonesingaFrenchsongjustnow?(someone与sing之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，sing强调动作全过程。)DidyouhearaFrenchsongsungbysomeonejustnow?(sung与aFrenchsong之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，sung所表示的动作已完成。),用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。1.Jackhadtheletter_(post)verysoon.2.Listen!Doyouhearsomeone_(shout)toTom?3.Youshouldmakeyouropinion_(know).4.Frankfoundhiswallet_(lose)whenhegothome.5.Youshouldntleavethewater_(run)whenyouarewashingyourhands.,posted,shouting,known,lost,running,【写作任务】假设你是李华，你的美国朋友Johnson来信希望了解你的家乡的情况。请你根据提示用英语给他回一封电子邮件。内容包括：1.地理位置和历史文化；2.经济和交通状况；3.美食和名胜古迹。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。,写作,如何介绍你的家乡,【写作指导】审题定调本篇习作形式上要求写一封电子邮件介绍自己的家乡，邮件的正文属于说明文，时态应以一般现在时为主。谋篇布局电子邮件通常包括以下几个部分：信头、称呼、正文、结束语和签名。就本篇习作而言，正文可分为三部分：第一部分：引出话题；第二部分：介绍家乡；第三部分：发出邀请。,组织语言1.开头段：表达问候，说明写信目的。,2.中间段：介绍地理位置、历史文化、经济和交通状况、美食及名胜古迹。,3.结尾段：邀请朋友前来做客。,普通范文DearJohnson,Howareyou?Imgladtoknowthatyouareinterestedinmyhometown.Here,Idliketotellyousomethingaboutit.Myhometown,LuoyangCity,liesinthewestofHenanProvince.Ithasahistoryofmorethan4,000yearsandisknownastheoriginofChinesecivilization.Theseyears,ithasmadesignificanteconomicprogressandthetransportationisgettingmuchmoreconvenient.,Asforsnacks,myhometownisfamousforitsdeliciousnoodles.ItalsohasmanytouristattractionssuchasBaimaTempleandLongmengrottoes.Weletomyhometown!Yours,LiHua,高级范文DearJohnson,Howseverythinggoing?Knowingthatyouwanttolearnsomethingaboutmyhometown,Idbehonoredtointroduceittoyou.LocatedinthewestofHenanProvince,myhometown,LuoyangCity,isnowenjoyingaboomingeconomyandindustry.Moderntransportationhereallowsustogowhereverwewant.Wehavevarioustastylocalsnackslike,stewednoodlesandtofujelly,whichyoumusttrywhenyoue.Asaplacewithalonghistory,itisfamousformanyculturalrelics,suchasBaimaTempleandLongmengrottoes.Itwouldgivemegreatpleasureifyoucouldacceptmyinvitationtovisitmyhometown.Yours,LiHua,巩固练习,I.根据下面各句句意以及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示词，写出该单词的正确形式(每空一词)。1.Shewasupsetwhenshefoundherselfinc_withherparentsoverherfuturecareer.2.Davidsonly30,andhealreadyhasfournovelstohisc_.,credit,conflict,3.Barrywasunabletogivepolicea(n)_(描述)ofhisattacker.4.Theplanecrashwascausedbyhumane_,notmechanicalfailure.5.Herinjuriesare_(一致的)withhavingfallenfromthebuilding.6.Thereare,r_speaking,threepossiblesolutionstoourproblem.,description,error,roughly,consistent,II.用括号内动词的正确形式填空。1.Werehopingtohavetheairport_(crowd)withallkindsofaircraft.2.Thememberofcustomerservicestaffgothisleg_(catch)inthegapbetweenthetrainandtheplatform.,crowded,caught,3.Icanmakemyself_(understand)inFrench,butImnotfluent.4.Theymusthavekeptthefire_(burn)continuouslyduringthewinter.5.ShereturnedtohereastLondonhomeandfoundherbackdoor_(force)open.,understood,burning,forced,III.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。,QueenElizabethIIcelebratestwobirthdayseveryyear:heractualbirthdayon21Aprilandherofficialbirthdayon1._SaturdayinJune.Officialcelebrationstomarkasovereigns(君主的)birthdayhaveoftenbeenheldonadayotherthantheactualbirthday,particularly2._theactualbirthdayhasnotbeeninthesummer.KingEdwardVII,3._example,for,a,when,wasbornon9November,buthisofficialbirthdaywasmarkedinMayorJunewhentherewasagreater4._(possible)ofgoodweatherfortheBirthdayParade,alsoknownasTroopingtheColour.TroopingtheColouriscarriedoutby5._(full)trainedandoperationaltroopsfromtheHouseholdDivisiononHorseGuardsParadeinWhitehall,watchedbymembersoftheRoyalFamily,6._(invite)guestsandmembersofthepublic.,invited,possibility,fully,Duringtheceremony,theQueen7._(greet)byaRoyalsaluteandcarriesoutaninspectionofthetroops.FormanyyearstheQueenrodeonhorseback,however,inrecentyearstheQueenhasriddeninacarriage.8._weknow,thisyeartheQueencelebratedher90thbirthday.Manypeoplemarkedthisspeciallandmarkbirthdaybydoingallkindsof9._(enjoy)activities.On21stApril,thecelebrationsstartedwith,enjoyable,isgreeted,As,awalkaboutinWindsor.IntheeveningtheQueen10._(light)thefirstof1,000beacons(烟火)shiningacrossthecountryandaroundtheworld!,lit,
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