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Unit1Alandofdiversity,知识归纳,1._n.海峡2._adj.北极的;北极区的3._n.(政府的)部;(全体)牧师;牧师的职责4._adj.天主教的n.天主教徒5._adj.联邦制的;联邦政府的6._n.铁路;扶手;(护栏的)横条7._n.百分比;百分率,strait,Arctic,ministry,Catholic,federal,rail,percentage,(一)基本单词,知识清单,8._n.(人口、贸易的)繁荣vi.处于经济迅速发展时期9._n.飞行器;航空器;飞机10._adj.人种的;种族的11._n.横渡;横越;十字路口;人行横道12._n.方法,boom,aircraft,racial,crossing,vice,pole,occur,means,16._vt.民间的,shave,tram,brake,conductor,slip,ferry,angle,civil,24._n.权威;权力(pl.)当局;官方25._vt.表示悲痛,authority,reform,grasp,thankful,insert,hardship,hire,nowhere,mourn,33._adj.清晰的;明显的;明确的_n.差别;区分;卓著34._vt.选择;决定做某事;选举某人_n.选举;当选;选举权35._n.侄子;外甥_n.外甥女;侄女36._n.社会主义者;社会党人adj.社会主义的_n.社会主义37._n.处罚;惩罚_vt.惩罚;处罚,distinct,distinction,elect,election,nephew,niece,socialist,socialism,punishment,punish,(二)派生单词,38._n.申请人_v.申请;请求_n.申请;申请书39._customsn.customern._40._vt.指出;标示;表明;暗示_n.表明;象征;指示;标示41._adj.显然的;表面上的;显而易见的_adv.显而易见地;显然地42._n.大多数;大半(反义词)_n.少数;少数民族,applicant,apply,application,海关;关税;进口税,顾客,indicate,indication,apparent,apparently,majority,minority,1._继续存在;继续生存2._用的方法;借助3._大多数的4._对宣战5._习惯新的生活方式、工作等6._坚持;维持;沿袭(风俗、传统等)7._某事被提到;出现在头脑中,liveon,bymeansof,themajorityof,declarewaron,makealife,keepup,occurto,(三)短语,8._背靠背9._与合作或一起工作10._标出(界线);画线11._申请;请示得到12._.对感到感激,backtoback,teamupwith,markout,applyfor,bethankfulfor,1.Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.Thatswhy.那就是为什么(why从句表示结果),(四)句式,2.Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.Itisbelievedthat.=Peoplebelievethat人们认为,1.meansn.方法;手段(单复数同形)课文原句:ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。,核心要点,(一)单词,【归纳】byallmeans可以,没问题,当然行bymeansof依靠办法,借助手段bynomeans/notbyanymeans绝不,一点也不livebeyondonesmeans过着超过自己收入的生活livewithinonesmeans量入为出地生活,【运用】翻译下列句子。1)他们依靠坚韧不拔而获得成功。Theysucceededbymeansofperseverance.2)我们应该想方设法提高生产率。Weshouldbyallmeansraiseproductivity.3)这种游戏绝不会再发生了。Itisbynomeanscertainthatthegamewilltakeplace.,means/way/method/manner/approachmeans指为达到一个目的或产生某种结果而采用的方法、手段。way是最普通、最常用的词,可以指一切“方法、办法”。method是指理论的或系统的方法,有时是针对某个具体问题而采用的特殊方法,常与with连用。,manner指特殊的或怪异的方式、方法,与动作有关。approach常与to搭配,指从事某事的特别方法、途径。,2.majorityn.大半;大多数,课文原句:OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen,whoseministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives.在首批移居加州的西班牙人中,大部分是宗教人士,他们的职责是向原居住人民传授天主教。,【归纳】a/themajorityof大多数,大半beinthe/amajority占大多数haveamajorityoversb.获得多于某人的;战胜某人【拓展】minorityn.少数intheminority占少数majoradj.主要的vi.专修;主攻majorin主修,【运用】翻译下列句子。1)他以71票的优势赢得了该席位。Hewontheseatwithamajorityof71votes.2)在英国,妇女占多数。InBritainwomenareinthemajority.3)大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。A/Themajorityofdoctorsagreethatsmokingisextremelyharmfultohealth.,majority,family,class,group,team,government,public,enemy,army,audience,mittee等集体名词作主语时,若将其视作一个整体,则谓语动词用单数;若强调各个成员,则谓语动词用复数。,温馨提示,3.electvt.选择;决定做某事;选举某人,课文原句:BythetimeCaliforniaelectedtobeethethirty-firstfederalStateoftheUSAin1850,itwasalreadyamulticulturalsociety.到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候,它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。,【归纳】“选举”时,常用结构：electsb.tosth.;electsb.tobe/as(tobe/as后跟表示职务或头衔的名词,tobe/as可省略);“选择/决定”时,常用于electtodosth.结构。【拓展】electionn.选举;选择;抉择,4.occurvi.发生;出现课文原句:Yes.Itdidntoccurtomethat.是的,我没想到,【归纳】sth.occurstosb.某事被某人想起itoccurstosb.that.某人想起itoccurstosb.todosth.某人想起做某事,【拓展】occurrencen.发生;出现;(偶然)事件,表达“发生”之意时,occur与happen可以互换;另外occur,happen,takeplace,breakout等表示“发生;爆发”的单词或短语都不能用于被动语态或进行时态。occur结构中主语不能是人,而是想到的事情或it作形式主语。,温馨提示,5.indicate课文原句:Trytousetheexpressionsabovetoindicatethatyouarelisteningcarefullytoyourpartner.试着用上面的表达表明你在认真听同伴的讲述。,【归纳】v.表明,显示;象征,暗示;示意,间接提及;指示,指出;发出改变行车方向的信号e.g.Researchindicatesthatover91%ofworkersaresatisfiedwiththeirpay.Tobytookoutamapandindicatedthequickestroutetous.Whatmadeusangrywasthatthedriverindicatedleftbutturnedright.【拓展】indicationn.象征;显示;标示,6.hirevt./n.租用;雇佣课文原句:Teamedupwithacouplefrommyhotel(PeterandTerri)andhiredacar.同饭店里的一对夫妻作伴,一起租了一辆小汽车。,【归纳】hiresth.out(tosb.)把租出去onhire出租forhire可供出租,e.g.Letshireacarfortheweekend.我们租辆车过周末吧！Davidusedtohireouthiscarsometimeswhenhedidntneedithimself.大卫过去有时会在自己不用车的时候把车租出去。Therearemanyboatsforhirehere.这里有许多船出租,hire指按工作量或时间雇用人或租借东西,有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人以收取费用”之意;多指临时租用某物。如:hireaboat/acar/acamera等。employ多指商店或公司长期雇用人手,也可以解释为“忙于,从事;采用”。常用于beemployedinsth./doingsth.短语中。rent一般指租借房屋、地产(租借出去),多用于长时间的租借。如:rentahouse/aflat/aTV等。rent还可作名词,意为“租金,租费”。,hire/employ/rent,【运用】用hire,employ和rent的适当形式填空Ourhousehasbeen_byanewlymarriedcouple.Itsimportantto_properwordsinwritingapoem.We_adrivertotakeusonatourofthecity.,rented,employ,hired,7.reformvt.悔改课文原句:In1940thecivilauthoritiesreformedthesystemsothatmanymoreChinesepeoplewereabletograsptheopportunityofsettlingintheUSA.1940年民政部门改革了制度,使得更多的中国人能够得到机会定居美国。【归纳】reformoneself改过自新,自我改造theopenandreformpolicy改革开放政策,1.liveon以为食,靠(钱)生活,继续活着,继续存在课文原句：Thecustomsandlanguagesoftheimmigrantsliveonintheirnewhome.这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。,(二)短语,【拓展】liveby按照(某一套信念或原则行事),靠为生livefor为而活liveoff依靠过活liveupto达到(某标准、高度等),符合,不辜负(他人的期望),2.bymeansof用办法;借助【拓展】beyond/withinonesmeans超过某人经济条件/在某人承受能力之内byallmeans尽一切办法;一定;当然可以byanymeans想一切办法;一定要bysomemeans(orother)用某种办法bynomeans/notbyanymeans绝不;一点也不,3.keepup保持;维持;沿袭(风俗、传统等)课文原句:In1911immigrantsfromDenmarkestablishedatownoftheirown,whichtodaystillkeepsuptheirDanishculture.1911年,丹麦移民建立了自己的城镇,至今仍然保留着丹麦文化。,【拓展】keep(on)doingsth.继续、重复做某事keepsth.up使某物保持在高水平keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事keepon继续keeptosth.遵守,信守,【运用】观察句子,写出划线部分的含义。Manypeoplekeepupthisoldtradition.()Thewetweatherwillkeepupforthreedays.()Thehighcostofbuildingmaterialskeepsthehousepriceup.()Thehelpofherfriendskeptherup.(),沿袭,天气持续不变,保持在高水平,使不倒下,4.backtobackadv.背靠背地back-to-backadj.紧接的;背靠着背的课文原句：Sitbacktobackwithyourpartnersoyoucantseeeachother.和你的同伴背靠背坐着,这样你们就谁也看不到谁了。【拓展】facetofaceadv.面对面地face-to-faceadj.面对面的,5.teamupwith与合作或一起工作课文原句:Teamedupwithacouplefrommyhotel(PeterandTerri)andhiredacar.同饭店里的一对夫妻作伴,一起租了一辆小汽车。【拓展】catchupwith赶上eupwith(问题等)提出,想出;赶上endupwith以告终,fedupwith受够了,饱受;厌烦fillupwith用装满keepupwith跟上,赶上meetupwith偶遇putupwith容忍,忍受,6.applyfor申请;请示得到课文原句:From1882to1940AngelIslandwasafamousimmigrationstationwheremanyChinesepeopleappliedforrighttoliveinUSA.从1882年到1940年,天使岛成为一个著名的移民站,许多中国人在那儿申请美国居住权。,【运用】填入适当的词。1)Illapply_thejobtoday.2)Whatyousaiddoesntapply_me.,to,for,【拓展】applytosb.forsth.向某人申请某物applyto适用于apply.to.把应用到applyoneselfto(doing)sth.专注于;专心做某事,1.Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.why引导的为表语从句,注意句式区别：Thatswhy.那就是为什么(why从句表示结果)Thatsbecause.那是因为(because从句表示原因),(三)句式,Thereasonwhy.is/wasthat.的原因是(表语从句常用that引导,而不用because)。如：Thatswhyheisfondofswimming.那就是他喜欢游泳的原因。Markcamelateforthemeeting.Thatwasbecausehismotherwasill.迈克开会迟到了,那是因为他妈妈生病了。,Thereasonwhytheinjectionneedsrepeatingeveryyearisthatthevirusoftenchanges.每年需要重新注射的原因是这种病毒经常变化。,2.Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.Itisbelievedthat.=Peoplebelievethat人们认为,结构分析:本句Itisbelievedthat.句型里that引导一个_从句;该主语从句中又有so.that.句型,that引导_状语从句;该状语从句的结构是：therewillbeno.or.but.and.(将没有或而是)。,结果,主语,同类句型：Itisthoughtthat.人们认为Itissaidthat.据说Itisreportedthat.据报道Itishopedthat.希望Itisdecidedthat.兹决定Itissuggestedthat.有人建议,考点一:主语从句【考例】用适当的连接词填空。1._weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.How。设空处引导主语从句,且由题意(我们如何理解事情与我们所感受到的有很大关系)可知,设空处在从句中作方式状语,故填How。,名词性从句高考考点点拨,语法,2._thedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.When。设空处引导主语从句,且由题意(延误的航班何时将起飞取决于天气)可知,设空处在从句中作时间状语,故填When。3.Ithink_impressesmeabouthispaintingisthecoloursheuses.what。设空处引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语,且由表语thecoloursheuses可知,设空处指物,故填what。,4.Everyoneinthevillageisveryfriendly.Itdoesntmatter_youhavelivedthereforashortoralongtime.whether。It在此是形式主语,故设空处引导主语从句,且由forashortoralongtime可知,应填whether。,考点二:宾语从句【考例】用适当的连接词填空。1.Itrulybelieve_beautyesfromwithin.that。设空处引导宾语从句，且从句结构及意义均完整，故填that。,2.Ifyouswiminariverorlake,besuretoinvestigate_isbelowthewatersurface.Oftentherearerocksorbrancheshiddeninthewater.what。设空处引导宾语从句,在从句中作主语,且由Oftentherearerocks.inthewater可知,设空处指物,故填what。,3.Iwonder_Maryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears.Byworkingouteveryday.how。设空处引导宾语从句,且由Byworkingouteveryday可知,设空处表方式,故填how。4.Youhavetoknow_youregoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.where。设空处引导宾语从句,且由planthebestwayofgettingthere可知,设空处表地点,故填where。,考点三:表语从句【考例】用适当的连接词填空。1.Ashipinharborissafe,butthatsnot_shipsarebuiltfor.what。设空处引导表语从句,且由shipsarebuiltfor可知,设空处在从句中作for的宾语,指物,故填what。,2.“Everytimeyoueatasweet,drinkgreentea.”Thisis_mymotherusedtotellme.what。设空处引导表语从句,且由tellsb.sth.可知,设空处在从句中作宾语,故填what。3.Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwas_hescoredthewinninggoal.when。设空处引导表语从句,在从句中作状语,且由Thebestmoment可知,设空处表时间,故填when。,【即学即练】用适当连接词完成下面短文。,1._theJStreetBandgottogetherisaninterestingstory.LeadsingerJeremyputthebandtogether.Heheldablindauditionforinterestedmusicians.Itwassurprising2._hechose.Heselectedaguitaristwhowasa70-year-old.Itmadenodifference3._hewasoldoryoungtheguyrocked!Theyplaymostlytheirownsongs.Theirstyleofmusicisunique.Ericistheone,whether,How,who/whom,whowritesthelyrics.In2013theyhadanumberonehit.Cheeringfansgreetthemeverywhere.Theirabilitytoappealtomixedaudiencesis4._makesthemdifferent.TheywillstarttheirnationaltourfromSanJosethisyear.5._theygoonthistouris6._theylovethethingstheydo.Itshardtosay7._makesabandsuccessful.Whatmattersmostis8._thefanslikethebandssongsandstyle.However,mostpeopledontrealize,that,what,Why,that,what,what,9._longmusiciansworkintheshadowsbeforeachievingrecognition.Bothtalentandhardworkarerequirediftheywanttoachieve10._theydreamof.,how,如何写英语游记,写作,【写作任务】假设你是李华，上周你和父母参加了某旅行社组织的香港三日游活动，请根据表格内容用英语写一篇游记。,注意:1.词数：120左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.参考词汇：金紫荆广场theGoldenBauhiniaSquare；维多利亚港VictoriaHarbor；游轮cruiseship,【写作指导】一、审题定调本习作要求写一篇以记录行程为主的记叙型游记。此类写作写作时应注意以下几点：1.按游览的顺序或时间来写；2.写出景物的特点；3.适当抒发自己的情感或发表自己的看法。游记类作文中的时态以过去时为主，人称多用第一人称。,二、谋篇布局本篇习作可分为以下三部分：第一部分：简述旅行概况（上周和父母参加了香港三日游活动）；第二部分：描述旅游过程及所见所闻（具体的三日行活动介绍）；第三部分：表达旅行感受（对香港之旅的评价）。,三、组织语言1.第一部分：简述旅行概况。,2.第二部分：描述旅游过程及所见所闻。,3.第三部分：表达旅行感受,【范文展示】普通范文LastweekmyparentsandIvisitedHongKong.Westayedthereforthreedays.AssoonasourplanereachedHongKongwewentstraighttovisittheGoldenBauhiniaSquare.Afterlunch,wewenttoHongKongOceanPark.Therewesawmanyinterestingoceancreatures.Aftersupper,weenjoyedthebeautifulnightscenesofVictoriaHarboronacruiseship.Thenextday,wevisitedHongKongDisneylandandspentahappydaytakingpartinlotsofexciting,activities.Onthethirdday,wewereshowedaroundthestreetsanddidsomeshopping.WeweretiredbutourtriptoHongKongwasreallyunforgettable.Iwontregretdoingit.,高级范文LastweekmyparentsandImadeathree-daytourofHongKong.Onourflightsarrival,weheadedstraightfortheGoldenBauhiniaSquare.Afterlunch,wewenttoHongKongOceanPark,wherewewereimpressedbyawidevarietyofamazingmarinelife.Aftersupper,weadmiredthefascinatingnightscenesofVictoriaHarborfromacruiseship.Thenextday,wevisitedHongKongDisneylandandhadmuchfunthereparticipatinginmanythrillingactivities.Onthethirdday,we,wentonasightseeingtourofthestreetsandpurchasedsomesouvenirgifts.Exhaustedaswewere,itwasworthit.Notonlydiditentertainedme,butitalsobroadenedmyhorizon.,巩固练习,I.用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1._(punish)forbadbehaviorcanrangefromtime-outstowith-drawingprivileges,suchastelevision.2.Thegovernmentshoulddomoretopromote_(race)equality.,racial,Punishments,3.Thereareobvious_(distinct)betweenthetwowine-makingareas.4.Webookedatableatourlocal_(Italy)restaurant.5.Weareso_(thank)forallthesupportwereceived.,thankful,distinctions,Italian,II.用适当的连接词填空。1.Idonotbelieve_hehassaid.2._hefailedthefitnesstestisunknown.Hemightbetoonervousatthetime.3.Nobodyknows_hewillarrive.Inotherwords,hemayappearatanytime.4.Weexpect_therewillbeanimprovementinhisperformance.,when,what,Why,that,5.Pleaseletusknow_theywouldratherspendthenight:TentorHotel?6.Idontknow_Ishouldtellherornot.7.Theirtroubleis_theyareshortofskilledworkers.8.Itsagreathonour_youveetovisitus.,that,where,whether/if,that,III.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。,TheSpanishtourismindustryisencouragingIndianfilmmakerstomakefilmsinSpainaftera2011filmhas1._(apparent)morethandoubledthenumberofIndiantouristsvisitingthecountry.Spainisalreadythethirdmost2._(visit)countryintheworldbutwantstodiversifyitstouristbasefromthe,apparently,visited,usualNorthernEuropeans,3._makeupmostofitsvisitors.The2011filmZindagiNaMilegiDobaraisaromanticedyaboutamanwhoteamsup4._twootherfriendstomakeatripacrossSpainbeforegettingmarried,5._(take)inthetomatothrowingTomatinaFestivalinBunolandthebull-runningSanFerminFestivalinPamplona,aswellasvisiting6._goodmanyotherwell-knownplacesthere.,who,a,with,taking,ThefilmhadanimmediateimpactonthenumberofIndianvisitorstoSpainwithtouristagenciesorganizing7._(tour)oflocationsfeaturedinthefilm.Over60,000IndiansvisitedSpainafterthefilmsrelease,morethandoubletheyearbefore;andlastyearthenumber8._(rise)toover80,000.TourismisanimportantpartofSpainseconomy.TheWorldTourism,tours,rose,Organizationpredicts9._50millionIndiantouristswillbetravelingabroadeveryyearby2020,ofwhichSpainwouldclearlylike10._(grasp)ashare.,tograsp,that,
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