电大开放教育土木工程力学选择判断复习提纲

土木工程力学选择判断题复习提纲（本提纲按每道题的第一个字的首字母排序。代表单选题，代表判断）B部不考虑杆件的轴向变形，下图所示体系的振动自由度为(A1)C部超静定结构的内力状态与刚度有关。()超静定结构的内力与材料的性质元关。()超静定结构的力法基本结构不是唯一的。()超静定结构的力法基本结构是唯一的。()超静定结构的超静定次数等于结构中(B多余约束的数目)超静定结构产生内力的原因(D.以上原因都可以)。超静定结构由于支座位移可以产生内力。()超静定结构在荷载作用下产生的内力与刚度(B相对值有关)超静定次数一般不等于多余约束的个数。（）D部当AB杆件刚度系数SAB=3i时，杆件的B端为定向支座。()当结构中某个杆件的EA为无穷大时，其含义是这个杆件元轴向变形。()当结构中某个杆件的EI为无穷大时，其含义是这个杆件无弯曲变形。()当结构中某杆件的刚度增加时，结构的自振频率不一定增大。()对称结构在反对称荷载作用下，对称轴穿过的截面只有反对称的内力。()对称刚架在反对称荷载作用下的内力图都是反对称图形。（）对称结构作用正对称荷载时，对称轴穿过的截面(D. 既有轴力，又有弯矩)。对于超静定梁，塑性铰的数目不一定等于结构的超静定次数。()单自由度体系运动方程为y+2wy+w2y=P(t)/m，其中未考虑质体重力，这是因为(C.以重力作用时的静平衡位置为y坐标零点)F部反映结构动力特性的参数是振动质点的数目。()反映结构动力特性的参数是振动质点的振幅。()反映结构动力特性的重要物理参数是(C.自振频率)。G部干扰力只影响振动质点振幅，不影响结构的自振频率。()根据影响线的定义，图示悬臂梁A截面的弯矩(下侧受拉为正)影响线在B点的纵坐标为(B. -4m)。根据影响线的定义，图示悬臂梁A截面的剪力影响线在B点的纵坐标为(A1)根据影响线的定义，图示悬臂梁C截面的弯矩影响线在C点的纵标为(A . 0)根据影响线的定义，图示悬臂梁C截面的弯矩影响线在c点的纵坐标为(A. 0)H部桁架结构在结点荷载作用下，杆内只有剪力。()绘制任一量值的影响线时，假定荷载是（A一个方向不变的单位移动荷载）。汇交于某结点各杆端的力矩分配系数之比等于各杆端转动刚度之比。()J部基本附属型结构的计算顺序是:先计算附属部分后计算基本部分。()机动法作静定梁弯矩影响线应用的原理为(c.刚体虚功原)。机动法作静定梁影响线利用的原理是(c刚体虚功原理)。机动法作静定梁影响线的理论依据是(B.虚位移原理)。机动法作静定梁影响线应用的原理为(C.虚功原理)计算受弯杆件时不考虑其轴向变形，则杆件轴力为0。()静定结构剪力影响线是由直线段组成的()静定结构弯矩影响线是由直线段组成的。()静定结构的内力与材料的性质元关。()静定结构的内力和反力与杆件截面的几何尺寸有关。()静定结构内力与反力影响线的形状特征是(A.直线段组成)。静定结构由于温度变化(D. 既发生位移， 又发生变形)。静定结构产生内力的原因有(A.荷载作用)静定多跨梁中基本部分、附属部分的划分与所承受的荷载无关。()静定多跨梁中基本部分、附属部分的划分与杆件的刚度有关。()结构不考虑阻尼时的自振频率为，考虑阻尼时的自振频率为D，两者的关系为(c.D)结构的自振频率与结构中杆件的刚度无关。() 结构位移计算时虚设力状态中的荷载可以是(A.任意值(除0外)。结构位移计算利用的是虚功原理中的虚力原理。()结构位移计算公式利用什么原理推导的(C.虚功原理)。简支梁A 支座竖向反力F YA 影响线纵坐标Y k 的物理意义是(D. A 、B 同时满足)。简支梁跨中C截面弯矩影响线的物理意义是荷载P=1作用在截面C的弯矩图形。()简支梁某截面K弯矩影响纵坐标Yk的物理意义是(C.截面K的弯矩)简支梁的剪力影响线为两条(B.平行直线)。L部力法典型方程中的系数项iP 表示基本结构在(A. 荷载作用下产生的Xi方向的位移)。力法典型方程中的系数ij代表基本结构在(C Xi=1作用下产生的Xi方向的位移)力法典型方程中的自由项ip是基本体系在荷载作用下产生的(C. X i方向的位移)力法典型方程是根据平衡条件得到的。()力法典型方程的等号右端项不一定为0()力法典型方程是根据以下哪个条件得到的（c多余约束处的位移协调条件）。力法方程中的系数 代表基本体系在Xj=1作用下产生的（C、Xi方向的位移）。力法计算的基本结构可以是可变体系。（）力矩分配法适用于所有超静定结构的计算。()力矩分配法只适用于连续梁的计算。()力矩分配法中的分配系数、传递系数与荷载无关。()两刚片用三链杆相联，且三链杆平行不等长，则构成瞬变体系。()Q部求图示结构AB 两点的相对线位移，虚设力状态为图(A)。T部图(a)对称结构利用对称性可简化为图(b)来计算。()图a所示结构的M图如图b所示。El=常数。()图a为一对称结构，用位移法求解时可取半边结构如图b所示。()图示对称结构杆件EI为常量，利用对称性简化后的一半结构为(C)图示a 、b 两体系的自振频率a 与b 的关系为(B.awb)。图示单自由度动力体系自振周期的关系为(A. (a)=(b) )。图示对称结构作用反对称荷载，E1=常数，对称轴穿过的AB杆件内力满足(D. M = 0 ,F Q= 0 , fN = 0)。图示对称结构作用反对称荷载，杆件E1为常量，利用对称性简化后的一半结构为(A)图示对称结构El=常数，对称轴穿过的截面C内力应满足（B. M=0,FQ0，FN = 0）图示结构中，除横梁外，各杆件E1 = 常数。不考虑杆件的轴向变形， 则体系振动的自由度数为(A. 1)。图示结构中， 使体系自振频率 减小，可以(c. 减小E1)。图示结构中，除横梁外，各杆件El=常数。质量集中在横梁上，不考虑杆件的轴向变形，则体系振动的自由度数为(A1)。图示结构A截面剪力影响线在B处的竖标为1。()图示结构A截面弯矩影响线在A处的竖标为1。()图示结构A截面的弯矩为(A. Fpl， 上侧受拉)。图示结构BC杆B端弯矩(下边受拉为正)MBC=q12/2。()图示结构C截面弯矩影响线在C处的竖标为ab/l。()图示结构FyD影响线的AC段纵标为零。()图示结构用位移法计算的基本未知量数目是3。()图示结构ME影响线的AC段纵标为零。()图示结构用位移法求解，基本未知量的数目是2。()图示结构杆件BC的B端转动刚度SBC为(D. 8)图示结构的超静定次数是n=3()图示结构的超静定次数是n=3。()图示桁架结构中不包括支座链杆，有5个杆件轴力为0. ()图示桁架结构中有3个杆件轴力为0。()图示悬臂梁截面A的弯矩值是ql2。()图示悬臂梁截面A的弯矩值是ql2()图示悬臂梁中间截面的弯矩为(B qL2 /8)。图示等截面梁的截面极限弯矩M= 120kNm，则其极限荷载为(C. 80kN)。图示简支梁在移动荷载作用下，使截面c产生最大弯矩时的临界荷载是(C. 10kN)图示简支梁中间截面的弯矩为(Aql2/8)图示为刚架的虚设力系，按此力系及位移计算公式可求出杆AC的转角。()图示为单跨超静定梁的力法基本体系，其力法方程的系数11为L/EA。()图示为刚架的虚设力状态，按此力状态及位移计算公式可求出A处的水平位移。()图示为刚架的虚设力状态，按此力状态及位移计算公式可求出A处的转角。()图示为梁的虚设力状态，按此力状态及位移计算公式可求出AB两点的相对线位移。()图示梁中A 处的支座反力FYA的影响线为(D)图示超静定结构独立结点角位移的个数是(B. 2)。图示超静定结构独立结点角位移的个数是(B3)图示超静定结构的超静定次数是(C5)。图示超静定结构结点角位移的个数是(C. 4)同一结构的力法基本体系不是唯一的。（）同一结构，不考虑阻尼时的自振频率为w，考虑阻尼时的自振频率为wD，则(C.wwd)图乘法的假设为(D.同时满足以上条件)。推导结构位移计算公式是利用(c.虚功原理)。W部位移法的基本结构不是唯一的。()位移法的基本结构是超静定结构。()位移法可用来计算超静定结构也可用来计算静定结构。（）位移法典型方程是根据(D.附加约束的平衡条件)列出的。位移法典型方程中的自由项是外因作用下附加约束上的反力。()位移法典型方程的物理意义是(A附加约束上的平衡方程)。位移法典型方程的物理意义是反映原结构的位移条件。()X部下图所示体系的动力自由度为(B2)Y部一般情况下结点的不平衡力矩总等于(D.附加约束中的约束力矩)一般情况下结点的不平衡力矩等于(D附加刚臂中的约束反力矩)一结构的超静定次数等于结构中（B.多余约束的数目）依据静力平衡条件可对静定结构进行受力分析，这样的分析结果是唯一正确的结果。()已知图示结构力矩分配系数，则杆端弯矩MA1，为(A.一16 kNM)。由于弱阻尼，结构的自由振动不会衰减。()用力矩分配法计算结构时，传递系数与该杆件的远端支承条件有关。()用力矩分配法计算结构时，汇交于每一结点各杆端分配系数总是小于1，所以计算结果是收敛的。()用力矩分配法计算结构时，汇交于每一结点各杆端分配系数总和为1，则表明分配系数的计算无错误。()用力矩分配法计算结构时，汇交于每一结点各杆端力矩分配系数总和为1，则表明力矩分配系数的计算绝对无错误。()用力矩分配法计算结构时，结点各杆端力矩分配系数与该杆端的转动刚度成正比。()用力矩分配法计算时结点的不平衡力矩等于(D.附加刚臂中的约束反力矩)。用力矩分配法计算结构得到一个收敛的结果，是因为(D. A和B同时满足)。用力法计算图示结构时，不能作为基本结构的是图(A)。用力法求解超静定刚架在荷载和支座移动作用下的内力，只需知道各杆刚度的相对值（）。用力法计算超静定结构，选取的基本结构不同，所得到的最后弯矩图也不同。（ ）用力法计算超静定结构，选取的基本结构不同，则典型方程中的系数和自由项数值也不同。（）用力法计算超静定结构时，其基本未知量为(D.多余未知力)用位移法计算超静定结构，其基本未知量的数目等于(D独立的结点位移数目)。用位移法计算超静创架时，独立结点角位移数目决定于(D.刚结点数)。用位移法计算刚架，常引入轴向刚度条件，即“受弯直杆在变形后两端距离保持不变”。此结论是由下述(D假定A与B同时成立)假定导出的。用位移法计算图示各结构，基本未知量是两个的结构是(C)用位移法解超静定结构其基本未知量的数目(C.与结点数有关)。用位移法求解图示结构时，基本未知量的个数是(B. 3)。用力法计算超静定结构，选取的基本结构不同，所得到的最后弯矩图也不同。()与杆件的传递弯矩有关的是(B.传递系数)。影响线的横坐标是(D.单位移动荷载的位置)。Z部 支座移动时静定结构发生的是刚体位移。()支座移动对超静定结构的极限荷载没有影响。()支座移动对超静定结构的极限荷载没有影响。()在结构动力计算中，振动体系的振动自由度等于质点的数目。()在结构动力计算中，1个质点的振动体系，其振动自由度一定为1。()在结构动力计算中，两质点的振动体系，其振动自由度一定为二。()在力法方程的系数和自由项中（B恒大于零）。在图示结构中，使体系自振频率减小，可以(c.减小EI)。在图示结构中，若要使其自振频率w增补可以(C.增大EI)在图示结构中，为使体系自振频率w增大，可以(C.增大EI)。在动力计算中，以下两图所示结构的动力自由度相同(各杆均为无重弹性杆)。()在桁架结构中，杆件内力不是只有轴力。()在多结点结构的力矩分配法计算中，可以同时放松所有不相邻的结点以加速收敛速度()Visa-free policy brings Chengdu biz, tourism boost. Making national headlines several times, Chengdus 72-hour visa-free policy has attracted wide attention from both Chinese and foreign experts and businessmen since it took effect on Sept 1 last year. The program permits citizens from 51 countries and regions including the United States, Australia, Canada and Japan who have valid visas and flight tickets to a third country to spend three days in the city. The capital of Sichuan province is the first city in the western region of China to offer foreign tourists a three-day visa and the fourth nationwide to adopt the policy following Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou. Li Zhiyong, deputy dean of the tourism institute at Sichuan University, said the move contributes to a large increase in the number of overseas tourists and raises the citys level of internationalization. The policy will also bring direct economic revenue, Li said. Chengdu has many cultural legacies and is also a paradise for panda lovers with the worlds largest breeding and research center. Three days are long enough for foreign visitors to visit those iconic tourist spots, he noted. The city is home to the remains of the Jin sha civilization that dates back more than 3,000 years as well as the Qing cheng Mountains and the Du jiang yan irrigation system. Qing cheng has long been recognized as the birthplace of Taoism, Chinas ancient indigenous religion, while Du jiang yan is considered to be the oldest functioning water-control project in the world. Chengdu ranked third in tourist facilities, management and services among 60 Chinese cities in a customer satisfaction survey released last year. But, Li added that efforts are still needed to develop more tourism products, improve English services and provide accurate translation of traffic signs and scenic billboards. Zhao Yun, chairwoman of British Chamber of Commerce Southwest China, told China Daily that his colleagues found the policy very convenient. A British client once flew here and stayed for just one day to check her ordered goods, she said. Zhao was born in Shanxi province, but she has lived in Chengdu for more than 10 years. My life was like a running race moving from place to place. I also lived in Beijing and Shanghai before, she said. But Chengdu is a place that you never want to leave once settling down. It is now my second hometown, she said. If the environment is further improved, the city will attract more people to visit and live, with the 72-hour visa-free policy and compelling conditions in transportation, culture, climate and cuisine, he said. Foreigners also gave positive feedback on the policy. A spokesman from Dell Inc said the company has a global hub of operation in Chengdu, so the three-day visa has an immediate and positive influence on the companys business development. Rudy Buttignol, president of the public broadcasting company in British Columbia, Canada, said his work requires frequent travel to Chengdu and the policy makes the trips easier. Data from the citys public security bureau shows some 100 foreign visitors enjoyed the 72-hour policy by the end of March, most of them from the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany. Chengdu also reported robust growth in its overall tourist industry last year. Official statistics show that it received some 150 million tourists last year, an increase of 28 percent from 2012. Around 1.7 million came from abroad, an increase of 12 percent. Total revenue from tourism surpassed 133 billion yuan ($21.7billion). During his visit to Kazakhstan in September, Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed that China and Central Asia join hands to build a Silk Road economic belt to boost cooperation. The idea has been widely echoed in Central Asian countries, becoming an encouraging blueprint for Chinese areas along the Silk Road that has linked Asia and Europe for more than 2,000 years. In the next three weeks, China Daily reporters will travel through the belt in China and in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey. They will show the progress and expectations of the countries, businesses and peoples on the route. Shaanxi - the start of the ancient Silk Road - has positioned itself as the new starting point for the development of the Silk Road Economic Belt, which will strengthen Chinas cooperation with Central Asian countries, a senior official said. Shaanxi Governor Lou Qinjian said the province is fresh, rich and unique, as it was when it anchored one end of the ancient Silk Road. It is the best option for accommodating industrial transfers from East China or the world at large, he said on Wednesday in Xian.Lou held a joint interview with 27 media, including China Daily, the first in a series of interviews entitled Chinese Media Along the Silk Road. The interviews will be in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces and the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, as well as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey.The media group held the first interview on Wednesday morning in Xian, the starting point of the ancient Silk Road, a trade channel established more than 2,000 years ago linking China, Central Asia and Europe.