时态和定语从句

学习必备欢迎下载中考时态考点一、一般现在时1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。2.时间状语：Always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month),onceaweek(day,year,month),onSundays,3.基本结构：动词原形（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）4.否定形式：主语+am/is/are+not+其他;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。二、一般过去时1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。2.时间状语：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek,last(year,night,month),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词的过去式4.否定形式：主语+was/were+not+其他;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。三、现在进行时1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。2.时间状语：Now,atthistime,days,etc.look.listen3.基本结构：主语+be+doing+其他四、过去进行时1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。2.时间状语：atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。3.基本结构主语+was/were+doing+其他五、现在完成时1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。2.时间状语：yet,already,just,never,ever,sofar,bynow,since+时间点，for+时间段，recently,lately,inthepastfewyears,etc.3.基本结构：主语+have/has+p.p（过去分词）+其他六、一般将来时1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。2.时间状语：Tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year),soon,inafewminutes,by,thedayaftertomorrow,etc.3.基本结构：主语+am/is/are+goingto+do+其他；主语+will/shall+do+其他（七、八两种时态一般出现在直接引语转化成间接引语的题型中）七、过去完成时1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。2.时间状语：Before,bytheendoflastyear(term,month),etc.3.基本结构：主语+had+p.p（过去分词）+其他学习必备欢迎下载八、过去将来时1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。2.时间状语：Thenextday(morning,year),thefollowingmonth(week),etc.3.基本结构：主语+was/were+goingto+do+其他；主语+would/should+do+其他2011年全国中考英语八大时态试题汇编【2011贵州遵义】1.Doyouknowthatone-thirdoftheboysinourclass_thesingerZhangShaohan?A.likeB.likesC.liking【2011江苏南京】2.Ivenotfinishedmyprojectyet.Hurryup!Ourfriends_forus.A.waitB.arewaitingC.willwaitD.havewaited【2011广东清远】3.Echo_forhalfamonth.Shellcomehackintwomonths.A.leftBleaveC.hasleftD.hasbeenaway【2011广西百色】4.AbigpartywasheldinNO.18MiddleSchoollastnight,theteacherwithstudents_singinganddancinghappilyattheparty.A.isB.wasC.areD.were【2011内蒙古包头】5.Mr.Blackisgoingtomarryagirlhe_inJapanlastyear.A.meetsB.metC.hasmetD.wouldmeet【2011江苏淮安】6.BritishPrinceWilliam(威廉王子)andKate_fornearlytwomonths.A.marriedB.havemarriedC.havebeenmarriedD.havegotmarried【2011呼和浩特】7.Hewentintohisroom,thelightandbegantowork.A.hasturnedonB.turnedoffC.turnedonD.hasturnedoff【2011四川达州】8.IdontknowifAuntLithese“stay-homechildrentomorrowmorning.IfIher,Iwouldcomeearlier.A.willcometotakecareof;amB.cometolookafter;wereC.willcometotakecareof;wereD.comestocomeupwith;am【2011辽宁大连】9.Whatstheweatherlike?Oh,it_outside.Takeanumbrellawithyou.A.rainsB.israiningC.wasrainingD.rained【2011山东威海】10.Mom,whencanIgoouttoplayfootball?Finishyourhomeworkfirst,orI_letyougoout.A.dontB.didntC.wontD.havent【2011云南八市】11._youever_Dalian.Never.ButIamgoingtherethisvacation.A.DogotoB.HavebeentoC.HavegonetoD.Willgoto【2011安徽】12.Hepromisedtopickmeupattheschoolgate.However.he_yet.A.didntarriveB.doesntarriveC.isntarrivingD.hasntarrived【2011广东】13.Alan,itslate.Whynotgotobed?Jennyhasntcomebackyet.I_forher.A.waitedB.havewaitedC.amwaitingD.waswaiting【2011云南昆明】14.HaveyouevervisitedGermany?_.ButIexpecttogothereagain.A.PerhapsB.No,IhaventC.IdontknowD.Yes,Ihave【2011山西】15.Thesenseofhappinesswillincreaseifyou_whatyouliketodo.A.doB.didC.willdo【2011山东菏泽】16.ThismorningIhadhardlygottomyschoolwhenit_torain.A.hadbegunB.wasbeginningC.beganD.begins【2011贵州铜仁】17Greatchanges_inTongreninthepastfiveyears.A.havehappenedB.havetakenplaceC.havebeenhappenedD.havebeentakenplace学习必备欢迎下载【2011四川绵阳】18.Thisgirlisreadytohelppeopleanytime.Whensheisonthebus,shealwaysherseattosomeoneinneed.A.givesB.giveC.gaveD.giving【2011宁夏】19.Tom,alongwiththreeotherboys,seenplayingfootballamomentago.A.isB.wasC.areD.were【2011重庆】20.Bettywillringmeupwhenshe_inBeijing.A.arriveB.arrivesC.arrivedD.willarrive【2011贵州安顺】21.Putyourhandsbehindyourback.Dontspeak.Well_intenminutes.A.backB.bebackC.arebackD.arebacktoyou【2011北京】22.Myauntisawriter.She_morethantenbookssince1980.A.writesB.wroteC.haswrittenD.willwrite【2011湖北襄阳】23.-Whywontyougotothemoviewithme,Gina?-BecauseIittwice.A.seeB.haveseenC.sawD.willsee【2011四川德阳】24.Doyouknowwhocleanedtheblackboard,Tina?-Yes.John_.A.doB.doesC.did【2011四川资阳】25.Sofarthisyear,manynewhouses_inWenchuanwiththehelpofthegovernment.A.buildB.arebuiltC.willbuildD.havebeenbuilt【2011上海】26.Bytheendoflastmonth,I_alltheCDsofJustinBieber.A.collectB.collectedC.havecollectedD.hadcollected【2011乌鲁木齐】27.Themeeting_bythetimeIgotthereyesterday.A.wasonB.hasbeenonC.hadbegunD.hasbegun【2011浙江杭州】28.ThelasttimeI_tothecinemawastwoyearsago.A.goB.havegoneC.havebeenD.Went【2011贵州安顺】29.AreLiYanandWangMeistilllivinginPingba?No,they_toShanghai.A.hadmovedB.movedC.willmoveD.havemoved【2011重庆】30.Icalledyou,butnobodyanswered.Where_you?A.isB.areC.wasD.were【2011甘肃兰州】31.HowdoyoulikeyourEnglishteacher?Heisgreat.Wefriendssincethreeyearsago.A.wereB.havemadeC.havebeenD.havebecome【2011福建泉州】32.Dad,I_thestationforminutes,butnobodycametomeetme.Dontworry.Illgotomeetyousoon.A.arrivedatB.havebeenatC.willreach【2011山东淄博】33.BythetimeIgottothecinema,themovie_fortenminutes.A.hadbegunB.hadbeenonC.hasstartedD.hasbeenon【2011广西贵港】34.LinKai,handinyourhomework,please.Oh,sorry.I_itathomethismorning.A.wasleavingB.hasleftC.willleaveD.left【2011浙江丽水】35GuessWhat!Thegreatmovieisoninthecinema一NothingnewI_itwithmyparentsonthefirstday.AsawBseeCwillseeD.havebeen【2011湖北十堰】36.Mr.Smithworkswithamobilephonecompany,buthe_forthisinternationalmeeting,sinceheisonholiday.A.worksB.isworkingC.hasworkedD.hadworked【2011湖北十堰】37.Ifithadbeenfineyesterday,wecouldhavewatchedthatairshow.Butit_allday.A.hasrainedB.hadrainedC.rainedD.rains学习必备欢迎下载【2011四川资阳】38.Whatsthatnoise?Oh,Iforgottotellyou.Theneighbors_foraparty.A.prepareB.arepreparingC.willprepareD.haveprepared【2011重庆】39.I_myhometownforalongtime,Ireallymissit!A.leftB.wentawayfromC.haveleftD.havebeenawayfrom【2011宁夏】40.WhenwillheleaveforShanghai?Assoonashe_hiswork.A.finishedB.willfinishC.isfinishingD.finishes【2011四川成都】41.Ihavetobeoffrightnow.Whatapity!Iyoucouldstayalittlelongerwithus.A.thinkB.amthinkingC.thought【2011湖南张家界】43.Youcantusethebathroomrightnow.Robbie_ashower.A.takesB.willtakeC.istaking【2011湖南邵阳】44.I_somethingwrongjustnow.May1useyoureraser?Ofcourse.Hereyouare.A.writeB.wroteC.amwriting【2011湖南湘西】45.Whatsthebestpresentyouhaveever_?A.receivedB.receivesC.receiving【2011四川泸州】46.Mr.Fan_thiswatchin2005.he_itfor6years.A.bought,hashadB.bought,hasC.hasbought,hashadD.hasbought,had【2011湖北武汉】46.Johnlikesplayingsoccerverymuchandhe_aboutonehourplayingiteveryday.A.spentB.willspendC.hasspentD.spends【2011.广西北海】47.WhileI_TV,thebellrang.A.watchB.watchedC.amwatchingD.waswatching【2011山东淄博】48.Whydidntyouanswermytelephoneyesterday?Sorry.I_abath.A.tookB.takeC.amtakingD.wastaking【2011四川雅安】49.She_thisbookfornearlythreeweeks.A.hasborrowedB.haslentC.hasboughtD.haskept【2011江苏盐城】50.IalongtheroadwhenIsawPeter.Sowestoppedandhadachat.A.walkedB.waswalkingC.wouldwalkD.hadwalked【2011贵州安顺】51.Whatdidtheteachersayjustnow?Sorry.Ididntcatchit.I_somethingelse.A.thinkB.willthinkC.wasthinkingD.hadthought【2011河北省】52.Imyhomework,IguessIcantjoinyou.A.dontfinishB.didntfinishC.haventfinishedD.wontfinish【2011呼和浩特】53.-Oh,youarehere.Imlookingforyouallthemorning.？-Tothelibrary.A.WherehaveyougoneB.WherewillyougoC.WhereareyougoingD.Wherehaveyoubeen?【2011陕西】54.SomestudentsinShanghaie-bagsforseveralmonths.A.haveB.havehadC.hadD.willhave【2011四川雅安】55.They_Englandandtheywillbebacknextweek.A.havegonetoB.havebeentoC.havegoneinD.hasbeenon【2011江苏宿迁】56.DidyouseeMr.Blackjustnow?Yes.He_hiscarwhenImethim.A.parkedB.wasparkingC.parksD.willpark【2011广西贺州】57.Ourcountry_thesixthpopulationcensus(人口普查)already.A.finishedB.hasfinishedC.willfinishD.finishes【2011甘肃兰州】58.Thepopulationoftheworldstillnow.学习必备欢迎下载A.will;growB.has;grownC.is;growingD.is;grown?【2011江苏扬州】59.When_you_readingJaneEyreItshardtosay.Imbusyrecently.A.did;finishB.have;finishedC.will;finishD.do;finish【2011山东菏泽】60.Whydidntyougotoplayfootballwithusyesterdayafternoon?I_mymotherwiththehouseworkthen.A.helpedB.washelpingC.hadhelpedD.havebeenhelping【2011上海】61.Nowmyfather_hisbiketoworkeverydayinsteadofdriving.A.rideB.rodeC.ridesD.willride【2011山东临沂】62.ChenGuangbiaosayshe_allhismoneytocharitieswhenhedies.A.leavesB.leftC.willleaveD.wouldleave【2011江苏徐州】63.Areyougoingtothebank,Laura?No,I_tothebankalready.A.havebeenB.havegoneC.amgoingD.hadbeen【2011江苏徐州】64.IwasveryangrywithJohnhejust_whenIspoketohim.A.isntlisteningB.hasntlistenedC.didntlistenD.wasntlistening【2011江苏泰州】65.HowwelldoyouknowtheOperaHouse?Iknowtheplaceverywell.I_Sydneymanytimes.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havearrivedin【2011四川德阳】66.Ifyou_yourhomework,youcangoouttoplayfootball.A.finishB.willfinishC.arefinishing【2011山东】67.AlthoughBillisntrichenough,heoften_moneytothepoor.A.willgiveB.wasgivingC.givesD.gave【2011广东深圳】68.Mr.Lee_toastudentwhenIenteredtheclassroomthismorning.-Heisverypatient_heisyoung.A.talking;butB.talks;thoughC.wastalking,thoughD.talked,however【2011辽宁本溪】69.Wereyouatschoolwhenhecametoseeyou?Yes,I_amathclass.A.hadB.washavingC.amhavingD.have定语从句的概述在复合句中修饰或限定名词、代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰或限定的名词、代词叫做先行词；引导定语从句的词叫做引导词。定语从句放在所修饰、限定的词（先行词）之后。例1：Theboywhoisreadingastorybookismybrother.那个正在读一本故事书的男孩是我的兄弟。在这句话中，whoisreadingastorybook.是定语从句。它修饰、限定theboy，theboy是先行词，引导定语从句的who是引导词。定语从句的分类定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面，用来说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况，与先行词的关系非常密切，翻译时一般要译到先行词的前面；如果去掉，则整个句子的意思含混不清。Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeopleshealth.医生是照顾人们健康的人。非限制性定语从句起到补充说明作用，译为汉语时常不译作定语，而是根据句意译为相应的其他形式的从句。它与主句的关系不如限制性定语从句密切，只是对先行词作附加说明，既使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚。非限制性定语从句前往往有逗号与主句隔开，如非限制性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号与隔开。Yesterday,JimmyleftforCanada,wherehehadstayedtwoyears.学习必备欢迎下载昨天，吉米动身到加拿大去了，他曾在那儿呆了两年。定语从句的引导词I.关系代词关系代词代替的是表示人或物的名词或代词，并且在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成份。who,whom,whose,that,which等。Theboywhocanplaybasketballwellisourmonitor.那个篮球打得好的男孩是我们的班长。Theman(whom)wemetattheschoolgateisanEnglishteacher.ThewomantowhomyoutalkedisKangkangsmother.=Thewoman(whom)youtalkedtoisKangkangsmotherDontbringchildrentoseetheanimalsofwhichtheyareafraid.=Dontbringchildrentoseetheanimals(which)theyareafraidof.Themanwhosecoatisblueiscleaningtheroom.ThebookwhosecoverisredisanEnglishbook.关系代词作短语动词的宾语时，此时关系代词前的介词应是短语动词固定搭配中的那一个介词。ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.先行词符合下列条件之一时，只能用that.IveforgotteneverythingthatIlearntatschool.Thisisthebestwaythatwecanraisemoney.HeisthefirstpersonthatImetthismorning.ItisoneofthebeautifulviewsthatIhaveseen.(only,very,just,last,oneof,allno,little,few,any)Wetalkedthethingsandpersonsthatwewereinterestedin.II.关系副词关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。why,when,where.1.when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。Illneverforgetthedaywhen(onwhich)Ifirstcomehere.2.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。Thisistheroomwhere(inwhich)helivedlastyear.3.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Thatsthereasonwhy(forwhich)hewaslateforschool.4.that可用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why，在口语中that常被省略。Thisistheplace(that/where/inwhich)heworks.这是他工作的地方。定语从句专练1.Mr.LiisanEnglishteacher_lovedplayingsoccer.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which2.Wecalledtheman_hadpromisedtohelpus.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which3.Thecoat_heiswearingtodaywasboughtbyhisaunt.A.whatB.whereC.whoD.that4.Theplace_heworksisinthefactory.A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.inwhere5.Thatsthemostbeautifulplace_Ihaveever_.A.where;visitedB.that;visitC.where;visitD.that;visited6.Idontknowtheboy_.学习必备欢迎下载A.whomyouoftentalkB.youoftentalkwithC.withwhoyouoftentalkD.thatyouoftentalk7.Look!Theboy_nameisSimonisplayingsoccerwithhisfriends.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.whom8.All_theyhavedoneisgoodforus.A.whatB.whichC.whyD.that9.Iwanttogotosomeplaces_itscoolinsummer.A.thoseB.whichC.whereD.this10.Saturdayistheday_peoplecanhavearest.A.thatB.atwhichC.onwhichD.onthat11.Heisoneoftheboys_basketballwell.A.whomplayB.whomplaysC.whoplayD.whoplays12.Illrememberthetime_wespenttogetherinthecountry.A.thatB.whenC.duringwhichD.atwhich13.Idontbelievethereason_hehasgivenforhisbeinglate.A.whyB.thatC.howD.what14.Thereisamountain_thetopisalwayscoveredwithsnow.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.itsD.that15.Isthereapostofficearound_Icangetsomestamps?A.whichB.whatC.whereD.that16.Thereisntadictionary_youcanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat17.Hewantedtoknowthetime_heneededtoknow.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.what18.Lucyspetcatdied,_madeherverysad.A.asB.whichC.thatD.whose19.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_thisyear.A.havebeenshowB.thathaveshownC.thathavebeenshownD.whichhasbeenshown20.Is_someforeignersvisitedlastweek?A.thisfactoryB.thisthefactoryC.thisfactoryoneD.thefactorywhere21.Illneverforgettheday_Ijoinedthearmy.A.whereB.whenC.whyD.that22.Thatisthereason_hedidntcometoyourbirthday.A.whyB.thatC.whichD.when