英语二重点内容

英语（二）重点内容Unit 1常考句子： 1、A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. 决策是从那些可以得到可供选择的行动方针中进行抉择。 2、Although managers cannot predict the future, （but）many of their decisions require that they consider possible future events. 虽然管理者们不能预见将来，但是她们的诸多决策都规定她们考虑将来也许发生的事件。 Although he thought he was helping us with the job, he was only in the way. 虽然她觉得她在协助我们干这件事，但她只是在碍我们的事。 3、Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance. 一般管理者必须对将来的状况做出最佳的预测，使偶尔性尽量少地发生 “as+形容词（副词）+as possible”尽量地；尽量 4、If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made. 如果没有选择，也就无法做出决策 5、 For managers every decision has constraints based on politics, procedures, laws, precedents and the like. 对于管理者来说，每一种决策都要受到基于政策、程序、法律、惯例等方面因素的制约。 6、For example, managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion. 例如：管理者有时以两者择一的方式来解决 Either/or：非此即彼 in fashion：以样的方式 7But the tendency to simplify blinds to them to other alternative. to blind t使看不见（blind为及物动词）e.g. We must not let our prejudices blind us to the facts of the situation.我们不应当让偏见使我们对实际状况视而不见。8、Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best that is, which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals. 决策者们必须有某些措施决定数个可选方案中哪个是最佳的，也就是说，哪一种对组织目的的实现奉献最大。 9、In the larger scheme of things, however, increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization. 10、Some of these objectives are more important than others, but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department . 这些目的中的有某些比另某些更重要，但其排序和重要限度常常因人而异和因部门而异。 11People often assume that a decision is an isolated phenomenon. 人们常常觉得决策是一种孤立的现象。 Word study 1objective The literary critics should be as objective as possible in analysis and judgment. 文学批评家在分析和评价时应尽量不偏不倚。 2Argue Argue sb. into(out of) doing sth. 说服某人做（不做）某事 I argued him out of going on such a dangerous journey. 我说服她不做这样危险的旅行。 The teacher argued into the students back to classroom. 课后汉译英： 1决策者应当可以对将来作出最佳的推测 译文：Maker decision must make a best guess at what the future will be. 2没有对的的选择就没有对的的决策 译文：If there is no correct/right choice, there is no correct/right decision. 3.不同的人对同样的问题有不同的见解，因此解决的措施也不同 Different people hold different ideas about the same problem, so theirsolutions to the problem(may) also differ. 语法：“as” 1.as 用作连词，引导状语从句 As可以引导让步状况从句。由as引导的让步状况从句常采用倒装构造 1）Try as I might, I couldnt lift the stone. 尽管我想举起这块石头，可无论如何也举不起来。 2）Change your mind as you will, you will gain no additional support. 虽然你变化主意，你也不会得到进一步的支持。 3）Small as it is, the stone is very heavy. 尽管很小，这石头却很重。 Unit 2常考句子： 1、Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape. 天文学家和科学家觉得黑洞是一种空间区域，物质可以掉进这个区，但任何物质却不能从中逃脱。 2、The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point. 这个理论就是，当某些星体的密度增大到某一特定期它们便发生爆炸； 3、Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova. 有人觉得圣诞星也许是一种颗超新星。 Eg. I could have told you about it, but I dont remember it now. 我也许给你说过这件事儿，但是我目前记不清了。 4、If a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. 如果一种人掉进黑洞，她会觉得她不久就能达到黑洞的中心。 5、It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. （强调句，近来几年，用目前完毕） 只是在近来几年天文学家才开始对黑洞的具体研究。 6Einstein claimed that the matter and energy are interchangeable, so that there is no “absolute” time and space. 爱因斯坦声称物质和能量可以互换，因此不存在绝对的时间和空间。 7、On the other hand, scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind. 另一方面，科学家们也指出，非常先进的技术将来有朝一日能运用黑洞的能量造福人类。 8They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time. 她们向我们展示一种运营方式与我们的世界完全不同的世界，同步还对我们的空间与时间的最基本结识提出质疑。 Word study 1Exert vt. 尽（力）；发挥（威力）等；施加（压力）等；产生（影响等） He has exerted all his strength to attain his goal. 她已尽了全力以达到自己的目的。 He has been exerting a lot of pressure on me to change my mind. 她始终在施加种种压力要我变化主意。 These principles exerted great influence upon the course of the revolution. 这些原则对革命进程产生了很大的影响。 2Launch Vt.1.发射，投射；2.使（船）下水 The hunter launched a spear at the wolf. 猎人把矛向狼掷去。 Vt./vi. 发动，发起（运动等） Launch out into 开始，着手进行 The police launched an investigation into the case. 警察对此案开展了调查。 The research group launched out into series of new experiments. 研究小组着手进行了一系列的新实验。 课后汉译英： 1黑洞是什么，天文学家还没有完全解决这个问题 Astronomers havent completely solved the problem of the question of what a black hole is. 2.如果我们结识了黑洞，黑洞就不那么可怕了。 If we understood black holes better, the would not be so fearful to us. 3.她的身影消失在黑暗中 His figure was swallowed up in the dark.Unit 3 常考句子： 1Affected with a serious disease（过去分词短语作因素状况）, van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating. 译文：Van.Wendal身患重病，她懂得她没有但愿康复，身体状况正在急剧恶化。 2、Van Wendels last three months of life before being given（介词后） a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. 在医生给Van Wendel注射最后结束的那一针之前，她生命中的最后三个月被拍摄了下来，并于去年在荷兰电视上次初次播出。 3、 The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject. 二十多种国家购买了这个节目，每次播放都引起对这个问题的全国性大辩论。 4、What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people havent the right. 那些反对安乐死的人实际在告诉我，临终者没有这个权利 5“well, its not as if Im planning to murder a crowd of people with a machine gun” “状况并不像我在筹划用机关枪杀一大群人似的” Word study 1.request 背面接for，表达规定的对象。根据规定为by(或on) request; “应”之规定，则为at sbs request. Instructions will be sent immediately on (upon) request. 阐明将按规定立即寄出。 2Ensure Vt.保证，担保 Ensure against/from：表达“保证免于” The police can ensure the witness against/from danger. 警察能保证证人免受危险 Ensure to/for 保证具有 This measure ensures to/a voice in the matter. 这项措施使我们在这件事上具有发言权。 3Oppose vt. 1.反对，对抗；2.使相对，使对抗（to） Many people opposed building a new highway because of the great cost. 由于代价过于高昂，使许多人都反对修一条新公路。 What he said was totally opposed to the facts. 她说的与事实完全相反 4Burden n.1.担子，承当；2.责任，义务 she bore the whole burden of raising two children alone. 她一种人负起抚养两个孩子的所有责任。 Vt.使负重任；麻烦，劳累 Students are heavily burdened with home assignments. 学生家庭作业承当过重。 5Open up The girl decide to open up and tell us everything. 课后汉译英： 1你知不懂得荷兰是欧洲唯一容许施行安乐死的国家 Do you know that Holland is the only country in which euthanasia is permitted in Europe. Unit 4 常考句子： 1. There are estimated to be more than 0 overseas domestic servants working in Britain. 据估计，在英国工作的海外家庭佣人有两万多人 There引出的存在句中，谓语动词除be外，还可有exist, occur, come, live, stand, lie等。以及happen to be, seem to be, be likely to be, be bound to be Eg. There exist a number of similar schools in different parts of the country. 在全国各地有某些类似的学校 There are likely to more difficulties than you were prepared for. 很也许遇到的困难比你想到的多。 2. A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder, despite protests from various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established. 一名菲律宾女佣在被指控犯有谋杀罪之后被处死，虽然各地都抗议说她的犯罪事实不能充足拟定。 3So if they do complain, they risk being deported. 如果她们抱怨，她们将面临被驱逐的危险。 4. it is, they say, the right to change employers which distinguishes employment from slavery. 只有更换雇主的权利才干把雇佣同奴役区别开。 Word study 1.exploit: vt. 开采，开发；运用；剥削 The student exploits every possibility to learn English. 这个学生运用一切也许性学英语。 2. campaign n. 1.战役；2.运动，参与运动 Our country is launching a campaign against waste. 我们国家正在开展反挥霍运动。 Our country is launching a campaign environment protection. 我们国家正在开展环保运动。 Vt.参与运动，参与竞选活动 They were campaign to keep the local school open. 她们为使本地学校不致关闭而奔波活动。 3Execute Vt.实行，执行，完毕，贯彻；将处死 The pianist executed the piece of music perfectly. 这位钢琴家把这首曲子演奏得完美极了。 The criminal was executed after the trial. 审判后罪犯即被处死。 课后汉译英： 1开发资源要适度 Resources should be properly exploited(用被动). 2这个项目值得进一步调查 The project deserves/is deserving of further investigation 3.无论她如何说，我也不相信这个消息 Despite what she said, I didnt believe this news. B课文重点词汇 Eyewitness：n. 目击者；见证人 Degrade：vt. 降级，贬低；堕落；退化 Liberty：n.自由，自由权；冒昧，失礼；（pl.）特许权，特权 Unit 5重点句子： 1、The new music was built out of materials already in existence. 新音乐是从已有的音乐中产生的。 2Up to that time, the blues had been an essentially black medium. 直到那个时候，布鲁斯始终是黑人的音乐体现方式。 3、Folk music, old and modern, was popular among college students. 民间音乐，无论是古典的还是目前的，在大学生中都颇为流行。 4、They freely took over elements form jazz, from American country music. 她们自由地吸取爵士和美国乡村音乐的元素。 5What happened, as well as it can be put into words, was this. 所发生的状况，如用言词尽量清晰地体现出来是这样的。 6、 With records at home, listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could. 家中听唱片音乐的时候，听众极尽量地模仿照明效果。 Word study 1.transformation n.变化，转化；改造，改革 the social and political transformation of a country is essential to the development of the society. 一种国家的社会和政治改革对社会的发展非常重要。 2Originate vi./vt.发源；发生，发起 all theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice. 所有的理论都来源于实践，反过来为实践服务。 The film originated in / from a short story. 这部电影取材于一篇短篇故事。 Original adj. 最初的, 原始的, 独创的, 新颖的；n.原物, 原作 origination: n.来源 3Penetrating adj.穿透的，贯穿的；深刻的，透彻的 Lunxuns works were most penetrating and powerful. 鲁迅的作品极为深刻有力。 4Take over 接管，接任；把从一处运到另一处 They young doctor has taken over the duties of the old. 年轻医生已接替了老医生的工作。 Take on 具有，担任（工作等）；雇用 The disease took on some special characteristics. 那种疾病具有某些特殊的特性。 B课文重点词汇 Inspire：vt.鼓舞；使产生灵感 Theme：n.题目，主题；主旋律 Painstaking: adj，苦干的，费力的 Thematic：adj题目的，主题的；主旋律的 Theme：主题 Conventional: adj 实验的；经验的 Harmony：n.协调，和谐；融洽，一致 Evident：adj. 明显的，明白的。 For the sake of: 为了之好处；为了的目的 Unit 6重点句子： 1Robots, becoming increasingly prevalent in factories and industrial plants throughout（prep.遍及, 贯穿；adv.到处, 始终, 所有） the developed world. 机器人在所有发达国家的工厂和其她工业领域日益普遍行到应用。 2. Most of todays robots are employed in the automotive industry, where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies. 目前大多数的机器人被应用于汽车工业，它们按编好的程序承当汽车和卡车车身的焊接和喷漆这一类的工作 3Robots, already taking over human tasks in the automotive field，are beginning to be seen, although to a lesser degree, in other industries as well. 除了在汽车生产领域替代人工劳动外，机器人也开始在别的工业部门应用，虽然应用的限度上低某些。 4.The robots used in nuclear power plants handle the radioactive materials, preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation. 机器人在核电站用以解决核辅射材料，从而避免人员受到核辅射。 5.Robots differ from automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one. 机器人与自动化机器的区别在于它们在完毕一项特定任务后可由计算机重新编程去执行另一项任务。 In that是一种复合连接词，译为“在于”，“在方面”，“因素是” Eg.I like the country better in that it is closer to nature. 我更喜欢乡村，由于它更接近自然。 Boys have an advantage over girls in that boys are stronger and less afraid of such things. 男孩子比女孩子有优势，在于她们的身体更强健，更不怕这样的事。 6.Engineers skilled in microelectronics and computer technology are developing artificial vision for robots. 从事电子学和计算机技术的工程人员正在研制机器人的人工视觉。 7.With the ability to see, robots can identify and inspect one specific class of objects out of a stack of different kinds of materials. 机器人有了看的能力后，便能在一堆不同类物体中辨认和检查出某类物体。 8. These future robots, assembled with a sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions, will have plenty of work to do. 将来的机器人具有触觉、视觉和做决策的能力，将有许多工作去做。 9Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics. 任何要理解将来工业的人就必须要理解机器人。 Word study 1.cast His words cast a new light on the problem. 她的话题使人们对这个问题有了新的结识。 2Expose to We should be aware of the dangers of exposing children to violence on Tv. 我们应当意识到小朋友接触有关暴力电视节目的危害。Unit 7重点句子： 1. Observations and research findings indicate that people in advanced industrial societies are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure and what they can do in their leisure time. 观测与研究发现表白，生活在发达工业社会的人们越来越关怀休闲的机会和在休闲时间她们可以做的活动。 2.The importance people attach to paid holidays（带薪假） and the rapid development of services for mass entertainment and recreation are signs of this increasing concern. 人们对带薪休假的注重和大众娱乐服务业的迅速发展标志着人们对这一种问题的日益关注。 （to attach importance t觉得很重要，注重） We should attach primary importance to a firm and correct political. 我们要把坚定对的的政治方向放在第一位。 3.The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual. 对休闲的具体运用因人而异。 4. Since leisure is basically self-determined, one is able to take to ones interests and preferences and get involved in（波及） an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction. 由于休闲基本上是由自己决定的，个人就可以培养自己的爱好和爱好，并以能为自己带来享有和满足的方式从事某项活动。 Take t 喜欢，养成习惯 Eg. Then he took to the habit of smoking 就在那时，她开始养成抽烟的习惯。 5In an urban society in which highly structured, fast-paced and stressful work looms large in life, experiences of a different nature, be it television watching or bird-watching, can lead to self-renewal and a more “balanced” 在都市社会中，构造严密，步调迅速，布满压力的工作笼罩着人们的生活，某种不同性质的经历，不管是看电视还是看鸟，都能导致自我更新和一种“平衡的”生活方式。 Loom large:（庞然浮现）压在心头；威胁着；笼罩着 The treat of a nuclear war loomed large in peoples mind. 核战争的威胁压在人们的心头。 be it television watching or bird-watching,是一种让就状语从句，句中无连词。Be与主语倒装，是虚拟语调形式 5. Basically, such attitudes amount to(相称于) a recognition that leisure is an important area of life and a belief that Leisure can and should be put to good use.（应当被较好的运用） 基本上说，有了上述态度，我们就会结识到休闲是生活的一种重要方面，就会相信，休闲可以并且应当充足运用。 6It can be argued that the people with whom we come into contact in these various contexts are all likely to have exerted some influence in shaping our attitudes, interests and even skills relevant to （how we handle leisure）. 该句主干构造是“it can be argued that”(可以说)；it为形式主语，that及后续部分是主语从句，为真正主语；主语从句中，主语是the people; with whom we come into contact in these various contexts 是其定语，意思是“我们在不同环境中接触的人”；“shaping”后接三个并列宾语，即our attitudes, interests 和skills; relevant to how we handle leisure是后置定语修饰skills；其中的how we是relevant to的宾语从句。 可以说，我们在不同环境中所接触的人，均有也许在形成我们的态度、爱好和甚至如何解决与休闲有关的技能等方面产生影响。 7. For example, the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation in games, sports and cultural pursuits are likely to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students. 例如，学校鼓励参与游戏、运动和文化娱乐的限度和方式也许对形成学生看待休闲的态度起一定的作用。 8.Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced development of the person. 学校常常把实现人个均衡发展作为它们的教育目的。 Setas把设作 Eg. Schools should set students development in an all-round way as their objective. 学校应当把学生的全面发展作为自己的目的。 8. The more seriously this is sought, the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged. 对此追求越认真，就越也许鼓励人们看待休闲和学业持积极态度。 Unit 8常考句子： 1. The problem of Jet Lag is one every international traveler comes across at some time. (para.1) 时差综合症是每个国际旅行者常会遇到的问题。 2. The effects of rapid travel on the body are actually far more disturbing than we realize. (para.2) 迅速旅行对身体干扰限度事实上远比我们意识到的要大 3. He later blamed his poor judgement on Jet Lag. (para.3) 她后来把她不好的判断归咎于时差反映。 4Essentially, they had been instantaneously transported to America. 从本质上说，她们被瞬间送到了美国。 5. Now that we understand what Jet lag is, we can go some way to（在一定限度上） overcoming it (para.4) 既然我们懂得时差反映综合症是怎么回事，我们就可以在克服时差综合症方面有所作为。 6. The other belongs in our internal clocks which, left alone, would tie the body to a 25 hour yes, 25 rhythm.(para.5) 另一种定期系统在我们的体内时钟内，它们在不受干扰时，会使人体有一种25小时是的，25小时的生理节奏。 To belong in 对合适或有用；属于，归入一类 Leave alone：听其自然；不打扰，不管，不理 To tie to系，拴；束缚，约束 He did not want to be tied to a steady job. 她不肯永远做一件固定的工作。 7. In time the physiological system will reset itself, but it does take time. (para7) 通过一段时间之后，生理系统将会重新自我调节过来，但这需要时间。 In time 除作“及时”讲外，尚有“通过合适时间；逐渐地；最后；迟早” Eg. In time he forgot all about it. 过了一段时间后，她把这一切都忘了。 8.One reason for this discrepancy is that different bodily events are controlled by different factors. (para.8) 浮现这种差别的一种因素是身体的不同活动是由不同的因素控制的。 9.It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone. (para.9) 我们不也许等上四天直到身体习惯新的时区。 Word study 1.proceeding n. 程序，进程；pl项目，活动，会议文集 That is by no means(“决不是”，如放句首，要倒装) the best way of proceeding. 那决不是最佳的行动方式。 He brought divorce proceedings against his wife. 她诉请与妻子离婚 2. alarm n. 警报；惊恐 He didnt take alarm at the news. 她听到消息后并不吃惊 Vt. 向报警，使警惕；使惊恐，打扰 I was quite alarmed last night at the cry of “fire” 昨晚有人大呼救火，使我大吃一惊。 3Promote Vt.增进，发扬；提高，升级；发起，开办 He was promoted to director. 她被提高为厂长 It is believed that taking a walk after meals promotes digestion. 人们觉得饭后散步增进消化。 The pianist promoted a grand benefit concert. 那个钢琴家筹办了一次隆重的义演音乐会。 We should promoted the mutual understanding between the two countries, 我们应当增进这两国之间的互相理解。 汉译英： 1要战胜困难，一方面我们要战胜自己 First of all, we should overcome ourselves in order to overcome difficult. Unit 9常考句子： 1.Nation classified as aged when they have 7 percent of more of their people aged 65 or above. (para.1) 如果一种国家的7%或 7%以上的人口年龄达到65岁或超过65岁，就被列为“老龄化国家”。 2.The nearer a society approximates to zero population growth, the older its population is likely to be at least, for any future that concerns us now. 一种社会的人口增长率越接近零，它的人口就也许越老龄化从各方面看，至少我们的将来是这样的。 3. To these now familiar facts a number of further facts may be added, some of them only recently recognized. 除了目前已经熟知的状况外，还可以补充更多的状况，其中有某些是近来才被结识的。 4There is the appreciation of the salient historical truth that the aging of advanced societies has been a sudden change. 先进社会的老龄化都是一种突变，人们对这样一种明显的历史事实已有所结识。 5Taken together, these things have implications which are only beginning to be acknowledged. 综合起来看，这些事情的含意仅刚开始被人结识。 6.The older you are now, of course, the greater this proportion will be, and greater still if you are a woman. 7. If you are now in your thirties, you ought to be aware that you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60. 如果你目前30多岁，你应当懂得，你可以指望活到60岁后再活上剩余生命的三分之一。 Word study 1approximate a. 近似的，大概的 The approximate number of immigrants is two million. 移民数目大概为二百万。 Vt. 近似，接近；使接近（在直接宾语后用介词to） Your account of what happened approximate the real facts, but there are some some small inaccuracies. 你对发生的状况的描述接近实际状况，但有些小的出入。 vi.接近（其词义与及物动词相似，只是背面接介词） Your account of what happened approximate to the real facts. 你对发生的状况的描述接近实际状况。 2Proportion n. 比率；比例 in proportion to 表达“与成比例”；out of proportion to 表达与不成比例 A large proportion of the earth surface is ocean. 地球表面大部分是海洋。 His earnings out of proportion to his skill and ability. 她的收入与她的技术及能力很不相称。 The prince of the article is out of proportion to its value . 这件商品的价格与它的价值很不相称。 3Appreciation n. 欣赏，鉴赏；对的评价；感谢，感谢 A person with an appreciation of art and literature is qualified for the job. 一种具有文学艺术欣赏力的人能胜任这项工作。 We take this opportunity of expressing our sincere appreciation of your help. 对你们的协助，我们趁这个机会向你们表达衷习的感谢。 4Neglect Vt./n. 忽视，忽视；疏忽 The secretary was fired for neglecting her duty. 那个秘书因疏于职守而被解雇。 B课文重点词汇 esteem: vt./n尊敬，尊重 worthless: adj. 无价值的；无用的；局限性道的；不可取的 crisis: n. 危机；决定性时刻 attribute: n. 属性，特性；vt. Attribute to 把归因于 appropriate: adj. 适合的，恰当的，相宜的 to cope with: 对付；解决 no other.than：除外没有，只有；正是，就是 In his composition there were no other errors than a few misspelled. 在她的作文里除了几种拼写错误的词外，没有别的错误 Successful parenting begins by communicating to c