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表格式目前完毕时的时态和语态 目前完毕时特点要点内容目前完毕时概念过去发生或已经完毕的动作对目前导致的影响或成果，或从过去已经开始，持续到目前的动作或状态。 目前完毕时标志语already, yet, just, before，so far,for+一段时间,since+过去时间（two years ago）或者一般过去时态的从句recently, in the past few years“在过去的几年里” in the last few years “在最后几年里，still, lately, often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion “偶尔”， now, this morningup to （直到）these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year，today, up to present（now）“到目前为止谓语动词的时态构成have/has (主语是三单)+ done谓语动词语态构成形式have/has +been + done温馨提示（重要考点）1.目前完毕时不可用于终结性动词，即瞬间完毕或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。 2.目前完毕时常用的几种句型： 主语have / has beenfor短语 It is一段时间since从句 (过去时)It has been一段时间 since从句 (过去时)It is一段时间that从句 (目前完毕时)ThisThat isthe first(second,third.)time +目前完毕时的句子温馨提示：过去分词规则的和一般过去时态的动词变化规则同样，动词结尾+ed。不规则的要逐个记忆 不规则：go-went（过去式）-gone（过去分词）如规则的: play-played（过去式）-played（过去分词） The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. isam fly begin are play go drink work make pass does dance worry ask taste eat draw put 一 、详解目前完毕时的常用的标志语和词组，特殊构造的用法1. 九个重点标志语的用法already 已经 肯定句中或句尾 I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.yet已经 否认句和疑问句句尾 I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet?ever曾经 句中 Have you ever seen pandas?never从不 句中 I have never been to Beijing.just刚刚 句中 I have just done my work.before此前 句尾 I have never been there before. so far到目前为止 So far he has learnt 200 words. how long多久 How long have you lived here? how many times多少次 How many times has he been to Beijing?2、三词组用法区别： （1）havegone to“去了某地” ,主语不在说话现场，通过“Where is Tom”,或者“My father isnt inat home.”来体现。Is your father in? No, he has gone to Beijing (去了北京) （2）havebeen to“去过某地”， 通过already, yet, just, before，ever, never,once， twice, 数字+次数times标志语来体现。He has been to Beijing twice。 （她曾去过北京两次)（3）havebeen in “去了某地多久” +for+时间段(标志语) He has been in Beijing for ten years.（4）havegone tohavebeen to havebeen in 背面接here，there，home要省去to，in。 He has been here for two hours.3、两构造for two monthsfor +一段时间Jim has lived here for 2 months.since last yearsince +过去点时间Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.since 3 years agosince 1990since he came heresince +过去时态句子He has been in China since he came here.二、 目前完毕时的四个基本句型：（1）.肯定句：主语+ has(主语是第三人称单数)或者have+动词的过去分词+其她的。Mary has been ill for three days. You have talked.They （I）have already finished their homework.(2).否认句：主语+hasnt(havent)+动词的过去分词+其她的。He hasnt returned from abroad You havent talked.(3).一般疑问句：Has(Have)+主语+动词的过去分词+其她的？Has Peter written six papers so far? Have you talked?(4).特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？How long has Thomas studied Russian?三目前完毕时态中的延续性动词和非延续性动词1.延续性动词和非延续性动的区别：（1）延续性动词定义：表达的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响，可以和for+时间段，since+过去时间连接。如：learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live（2）非延续性动词：也叫终结性动词或者瞬间动词，一次性动词。表达的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种成果。在有了某种成果后，动作就不能再继续下去。如：leave start set out arrive reach get to begin stop shut turn off marry put put on get up wake fall join meet receivefinish end complete become come go die open close break give jump buy borrow2.常用的短暂性动词分类（非延续性动词）：（1）方向性动词：come ，go， /arrive/get to/reach ，move，leave，open，close ， join buy /catch， borrow,lend ，get up，become，fall in（2）开始结束性动词：start，begin，finish，end，die break，marry，lose （3）成果性动词：hear，see,find(温馨提示：成果性动词不用进行态，不和延续性时间连用)3.延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法：表达短暂意义的动词（非延续性动词），可以用完毕时，但是不和for+时间段，since+过去时间，可转换成表达持续状态的相应的延续性动词来表达相似的意思。（由于for+时间段，since+过去时间是一段时间状语，属于延续性时间，要和延续性动词连用）可以说He has arrived here. 不能说：He has arrived here for ten minutes (since ten minutes ago .)可以说：He has been here for ten minutesHe has been here since ten minutes ago. ) It is ten minutes since he arrived here. 可以说： He hasnt arrived here for ten minutes (since ten minutes ago ). Has he been here for ten minutes (since ten minutes ago )?He has died two years ago.(用since或者for改写句子) He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的措施有五种： He has bought the book. (去掉一段时间for 3 years) He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变) Its 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book.（改为固定句型 It is -since-） He has not bought the book for 3 years. （改为否认句） He has had the book for 3 years.（since 3 years ago。）（用延续性动词have替代buy）4.延续性动词和非延续性动词转换关系： come/arrive/get to/reach be here I have come here for 3 years.（错） leave/go be away He has left for 3 hours.（错） begin/start be on The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错） open be open / close be closed The shop has opened for 3 years.(错) die be dead His father has died for 3 years.(错) finish/end be overHe has finished the work for 3 days.(错) join be inbe a . I have joined the army for 3 years.（错）I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years. buy /catch have I have bought the bike for 3 years.（错） He has caught a cold for 3 days.（错） borrow,lend keepI have borrowed the book for 3 years. （错） 尚有其他的归纳如下：break be broken get up be up marry be married become be lose be lost 5、目前完毕时态还常用于下列句型：主语have / has beenfor短语 He has been to Shanghai for three years. It is一段时间since从句 (过去时) It is two days since I arrived here. It is一段时间that从句 (目前完毕时) It is two yearss that we have lived here.This That is the first(second,third.)time +目前完毕时的句子This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最佳的一本书。It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。目前完毕时基本练习一 （目前完毕时态的标志语用法）三. 用所给的单词填空。 A. 用 already或 yet1) Have they taken down the old pictures _? No, not _.2) Most of us have finished our compositions _3) He said he hadnt visited the exhibition _.B.用 since或 for1) We have learned five lessons _ the beginning of this term.2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital _last week.3) I have stayed at my aunts _two weeks.C. 用have gone to 或 have been to 或者have been in1) Where are the boy students ? They _ to the school factory.2) Is your father in ? No, he _ _ Shenzhen. _he ever _ there before ? Yes, he _ there several times3) He asked me if I _ Hangzhou before.I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I _ never _ to that city before.4）When did he arrived there? He arrived there ten years ago.He there for ten years. 5)Tom arrived in Beijign five years . He Beijing for five years .6) Wheres Lucy? She home. 7) Jack here twice.目前完毕时基本练习二 (动词的过去式和过去分词)写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词 see_ drive _ let_ carry_ keep_ join_ find_ think_ teach_ catch_ study drop cry- _ come buy leave finish _ fall _ meet say lend throw kick stop_ 目前完毕时基本练习三（谓语动词的变化形式）1. Every student _ (see) the film already.2. Kent and I _ (write) a song before.3. Dick _ (do) the work these days.4. The people in the mountains _ never _ (see) films.5. Patty _ (buy) a magazine about the school life.6. The actress _ (live) here all her life.7. The glass is broken. Who _ (break) this glass?8. Finally the workers _ (finish) that job.9. _ you _ (borrow) the book we talked abut last time?10. Theres no more wine in the bottle. They _ (drink) all of it.11._ you ever _(eat ) chocolate sundaes ? No, never.12.My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now.13.Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.14.Shanghai _ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it _ (become) a large city.15.I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.16.So far I _(make) quite a few friends.17.How long _ the Wangs _ (stay) here ? He (stay) here for ten hours.18. You know, I (look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview.19.Thanks a lot. Its sunny again. It _(rain) for a long time.20._Mr. Li _(live) here since 8 years old?21.Since Mr. Li came here, he _(teach) in this school.22.Is your mother at home? -No, she _(go) to work.23.Her mother _(become)a doctor in 1970. She _(work) in the hospital since 26 years old.24.He _(teach) English here since we _(see) him 5 years ago.25Ive lost my cat. _you ever _(see) it anywhere?26.My parents are not at home. They _(leave) for Shanghai.27.Wait here, please. The train _(not arrive) yet.28.Where is my dictionary? -Li Ping _(take) it away.29.I _(lose) my pen, and I _(look)for it now.30.I _(not see) such a strange thing before.目前完毕时基本性练习四（延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换）1. The factory opened ten years ago.（同义句） The factory _ _ _ for ten years. The factory since ten years ago.2.They have cleaned the room twice this week. (就划线部分提问) _ _ _ _ they _ the classroom this week? They have cleaned the room twice a week. (就划线部分提问) _ _ _ they _ the classroom this week? 3. My father went to England in and . （同义句） My father _ _ _ England _.4 .John left three years ago. （同义句） John_ _ _ _ three years.John since three years agoIt since John left.5 His company closed in . （同义句） His company _ _ _ _ .6. My father bought the car half a year ago. （同义句） My father _ _ _ the car for _ My father _ _ _ the car half a year ago.7、The old man died last year. （同义句）He for a year. (die) He since last year (die) It since .8、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句) This factory _ _ for twenty years. This factory since twenty years ago 9、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句） Her mother _ _ the Party three years _ .10、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)_ two years _ the Green family moved to France . The Green Family France since two years ago.11、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (合并句子) _ 目前完毕时综合性练习一一用括号单词的对的形式填空。1. Tom _ (leave) a message for you. He _ (call) last night.2. I _ (see) the movie once before. I _ (love) it a lot.3. A: _you（/hear) the news? B: yes, I _.A: Who _ (tell) you the news? B: Li Ming _ (do)A: When _he (tell) you? B: Two hours ago.4.I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week.5._ he _(finish) his work today ? Not yet .6._ you _(be) to Hong Kong ? Yes, I _ (be) there twice .7. My sister _ (stay) in Beijing for three months last year. My sister _ (stay) in Beijing for three months.8. The little boy is dirty all over because he _ (play) in the mud all the morning. 9. How many times _you _(be) to Beijing?-Only once. I _(go) there two years ago.10. Its the third time that I _(see) him this month.11.He joined the Party in 1990. He _(be) a party member for 10 years.12.Its the most instructive lecture that I _(attend)since I (come)to this school.13.How long _Uncle Wang _(work) in this factory? -Since 1995.14._you _(mend) your bike? -Yes. I (mend) it a moment ago.15. Ill tell him the news that our class _(win) already.16.She _(stay) here for over 5 years.17.The box is empty. Who _(eat) all the cakes?18.He has found his bike .When _he _(find) it?19. Her sister _ (go) to Shanghai. She _ (leave) this morning.20.My friend Wang Hai often _ (swim) in the river.My friend Wang Hai _ (swim) in the river for ten years.My friend Wang Hai _ (swim) in the river yesterday.21.The teacher _ (reach) Beijing two days ago. The teacher _ (be) in Beijing for two days.二 每处划线中有错误，在题后改正1. Jim has bought the book for just 3 days.2. Uncle Wang has died for 3 years.3. I have gone to Beijing three times.4. Jim isnt here. He has been to Beijing. He went there this morning.5. She has lived there since 8 years.6. Has he been a teacher for 1990?7. I lived here since 3 months ago.8. Have you finished the work yet? -Yes, I did.9. Jims brothers has made many kinds of kites.10. He has taken the books away. 目前完毕时综合性练习二1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _whats happened to him . knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . Ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years. is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、-Our country _ a lot so far . -Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better.changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、-These farmers have been to the United States . -Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone10、-_ you _ your homework yet ? -Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished.Have ; done ; finished.Have ; done ; have finished.will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in12、-Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made13、-How long have you _ here ? -About two months . been . gone . come . arrived have you been here ? -About two months . How soon . How often . How long . How far14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun . has been on . Began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . WasIt _ ten years since he left the army . . has . has been . have . have been16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 目前完毕时综合性练习二（走进高考）1. Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _ for it for months. A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing 2. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it. A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked 3. So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen 4. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _ English for a year. A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying 5. Danny _ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. A. works B. is working C. has worked D. had worked 6. I have got a headache. No wonder. You_ in front of that computer too long. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked 7. The unemployment rate in this district_ from 6% to 5% in the past two years. A. has fallen B. had fallen C. is falling D. was falling 8.Now that she is out of job, Lucy _ going back to school，but she hasnt decided yet. A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider 9. _ you _ _ him around the museum yet? Yes. We had a great time there. A. Have ; shown B. Do ; show C. Had; shown D. Did; show 10. Hi, Tracy，you look pale. I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 11. Mother _ me a new coat yesterday, I _ it on. It fits me well. A. has madehave tried B. madehave tried C. has madetried D. madetried12. “He _ to draw horses already.”“When _he?”.“Last year.” A. learnedhas B. learneddid C. has learnedhas D. has learneddid13. Tom _ up into the tree. Look, he _ high up there! A. has got is B. has climbed was C. got was D. climbed is14. _you _ the text yet ?
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