高考英语词汇试题详解1

高考英语词汇试题详解（一）1. Who is responsible for sending out misinformation?Most of the fault lies _ the administration.A. in B. to C. on D. with答案 D. with.注释 lie with应由.（承当责任）；（作出决定等）得靠. 1)The responsibility lies with the driver.(责任应由这个司机承当。) 2)It lies with you to accept or reject he the proposal.(接受还是回绝这项建议由你决定。)lie in在于： 1)The difficulty lies in their great poverty.(困难在于她们非常贫困。) 2)the solution lies in social and political reform.(解决措施在于社会政治改革。)2. People who live in a small village are bound to see a good _ of each other.A. sum B. quantity C. deal D. amount答案 C. deal.注释 see a good deal of each other 常常会面。3. Maria _ missed the first train so as to travel on the same one as John.A. deliberately B. intensively C. decisively D. objectively答案 A. deliberately.注释 deliberately(=on purpose, intentionally)故意地；存心地。4. They always kept on good _ with their next-door neighbors for the childrens sake.A. friendship B. relations C. intentions D. terms答案 D. terms.注释keep (be) on good terms with与.和睦相处。5. Do you think a wife should _ her habits and tastes to those of her husband?A. comply B. confirm C. consent D. conform答案D. conform.注释conform vi遵守，符号：All the students must conform to the rules.(全体学生必须遵守规章。)conform sth. to sth. else(vt)使符合：He conformed the plans to the new specifications.(她使这些集合符合新规范。) comply with遵守；confirm使坚定，确认，证明；consent (to)批准，赞同。6. He was afraid that the branch might bend over and break, and he would be sent _ to the ground.A. crashing B. throwing C. rushing D. dropping答案A. crashing.注释crash(to the ground)猛跌（到地上）。Crash n.常指飞机等的“失事”，如：He was killed in an aircraft crash.(她在飞机失事中丧生。)本句中用falling不当，fall指“落下，掉下”，自身并不强调落下的速度，而crash使“猛跌”，故本题用crashing最佳。7. High interest rates _ people from borrowing money.A. discourage B. decrease C. disturb D. disgust答案A. discourage注释discourage sb. from doing sth.使觉得某事不值得做：Tht wet weather discouraged people from going to the sports meeting.(下雨天使人觉得不值得去看运动会。)8. Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of _ standards.A. equivalent B. uniform C. alike D. likely答案A. equivalent.注释equivalent相等的，相称的：He exchanged his pounds for the equivalent amount of dollars. uniform 相似的,同样的。Likely adj.很也许的，有但愿的。Alike(表语形容词)相似的，相象的。9. The two things are the same in outward form but different _.A. in addition B. in brief C. in common D. in essence答案D. in essence.注释in essence本质上；in addition此外；in brief简短地，简言之；in common共同。10. _ it is a good thing I did not get the post I had applied for, though I must admit that I was disappointed at the time.A. By the way B. In a way C. In the way D. In no way答案B. In a way.注释in a way(-to some extent)在某种限度上；in no way决不；by the way 顺便提一下；in the way 碍事。此题不能选by the way，由于by the way 做插入语其后应加逗号。本题译文：我没有得到我申请得工作在某种限度上说是件好事，尽管我承认当时我很失望。11. _ inviting guests and not treating them properly!A. Strangely B. Fantastically C. Surprisingly D. Fancy答案D. Fancy.注释fancy doing 没想到.居然：1)Fancy your him!(没想到你居然结识她！) 2)Fancy spending the day in here!(没想到竟在这里过了一天！)本题译文：没想到邀请了客人竟没有好好招待！12. With sufficient scientific information a manned trip to Mars should be _.A. obtainable B. potential C. considerable D. feasible答案D. feasible.注释feasible(=that can be done)可行的，可做到的：1)Your plan sounds quite feasible.(你的筹划听起来很可行。) 2)Its not feasible to make the trip in one day.(一天内要进行这次旅行是做不到的。)obtainable可得到的；considerable相称的，可观的；potential潜在的，也许的。13. The generation _ makes it difficult for parents to understand their childrens opinions.A. division B. gap C. separation D. interval答案B. gap.注释generation gap 代沟。division分，划分；separation分开；interval间隔，间隙；（幕间或工间）休息。at intervals 不时，时时14. If the boy had _ the dog alone it wouldnt have bitten him.A. set B. left C. had D. put答案B. left.注释leave sb./sth. alone不惹，不管，不碰：Leave the box alone.(别碰那个盒子。)15. They were so far away that I couldnt _ their faces clearly.A. see through B. make up C. see off D. make out答案D. make out.注释make out(=identify and see with effort or difficulty)辨认出。see through参阅，151,注释:此处see through还可表达“看穿.(=understand the real meaning of or reason for; realize the falseness of)”： 1)The teacher saw through the boys story of having to help at home. (=The teacher knew his story was not true; it was just an excuse.) 2) He cant fool her. She sees him through every time.see off送行；make up构成，构成，拼凑；弥补，补偿；化妆，编造：1)编造：John made up the joke about the talking dog. 2)弥补：Bob must make up the work he missed. 3)凑足： We need one more to make up the dozen. 4)化妆： The actors were making up when we arrived. 5)构成：Nine players make up a team.16. Achieving a high degree of proficiency in English as a foreign language is not a mysterious _ without scientific basis.A. process B. practice C. procedure D. program答案A. process.注释process(=connected series of actions, or series of operations) 过程：By what process is cloth made form wool?(通过什么过程羊毛织成呢料？)practice(=the doing of something of, performance or repeated exercise, etc.)实习，练习；开业: She is doing her practice at the piano.(她在练习弹钢琴。)procedure(=the regular order of doing things)程序：the usual procedure at a meeting(开会的一般程序)。Program(=plan of what is to be done or list of items or events)课程，筹划，大纲：What is the program for tomorrow ?(明天上什么课?)17. I must go now. _, if you want that book Ill bring it next time.A. Incidentally B. Accidentally C. Occasionally D. Subsequently答案A. Incidentally.注释incidentally(=by the way)附带地，顺便：Fred said, incidentally, that he had no dinner.(顺便提一下，福来德那时说，她还没吃晚饭。)accidentally(=by chance)偶尔地：I met with an old friend of mine accidentally last week.(上星期我偶尔遇到一位老朋友。)occasionally (=from time to time, not regularly)不时地，偶尔：We get visitors here occasionally.(我们偶尔在此接游客。)subsequently(=afterwards, later) At first we thought we would go; but subsequently we learned we were needed at home.(起初,我们想离开；但随后我们得知家里需要我们。)18. A completely new situation is likely to _ when the school leaving age is raised to 16.A. arouse B. rise C. arise D. abide答案C. arise.注释arise(=come into being, appear, happen)产生，发生：Difficulties will arise as we do the work.(我们做这项工作时将会发生困难。)arouse 唤起，激起，唤醒；rise 上升;abide (by)遵守。本题译文：当中学毕业年龄上升到16岁时，很也许产生完全新的状况。19. The illness from which Mary is suffering has now been _ as hepatitis (肝炎).A. diagnosed B. determined C. deduced D. discovered答案A. diagnosed.注释diagnose.as 把.诊断为.。本题译文：玛丽的病现已诊断为肝炎。20. These continual _ in temperature make it impossible to decide what to wear.A. alterations B. vibrations C. waves D. fluctuations答案D. fluctuations. 注释fluctuations波动；waves波浪；alterations(部分)变化，变更；vibrations(物理学上)振动。21. All foreign visitors are requested to _ with the regulations in this area.A. agree B. comply C. consent D. conform答案B. comply.注释comply with(=act in accordance with a demand, order, rule, etc.)遵守：People who refuse to comply with the law will be punished.(回绝遵守法律者将受到惩罚。)conform(to)使一致，符合；conform to rules符合规则；conform to the customs of society(遵从社会习俗)；consent to 批准，赞同；consent to a plan(赞同筹划)。22. Thomas Edison considered genius to be _ one per cent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.A. composed of B. constituted in C. consisted of D. comprised in答案A. composed of.注释be composed of由.构成。Consist of由.构成，是不及物动词，不能用被动语态，故不合题意。23. Although Lucy was slimming, she found cream cakes quite _.A. irregular B. inevitable C. incredible D. irresistible答案 D. irresistible注释irresistible不可抵御的，诱人的，1)I had a irresistible desire to run away,2)I cant refuse this offer; it is irresistible.Irregular 不规律的, 不合规则的：1)the trains from here are irregular.(这里发的火车是不规律的。) 2)These procedures are highly irregular.(这些程序是非常不合规矩的。)incredible 不可避免的，不可信的：1)Old superstitions are incredible to educated people.（旧的迷信对受过教育的人来说是不可信的。）2)His story of rescuing six drowning men is incredible.(她说她救了6个溺水者，这是难以置信的。)inevitable 不可避免的：1)Traffic delays are inevitable at a holiday weekend.（假日周末交通耽误是难免的。）2)Pain is Inevitable when one breaks a bone.（骨折是疼痛是难避免的。）本题译文：虽然露西正在减轻体重，但她觉得奶油蛋糕是诱人的。24. In order to _ the rising production costs, the subscription rates have been increased.A. add up to B. look up to C. cut shortD. keep up with答案D. keep up with.注释 keep up with跟上。参阅。88注释。Add up to参阅.2注释；cut short 详见.38;look up to(=admire, respect)赞美，尊敬：We look up to the old workers as our teacher.（我们把这位老工人尊为我们的教师。）本题中rates意为“价格，费用”。本题译文：为了跟上生产成本的上升，预定费已提高。25. Your essay is quite good: just _ it _ with a few illustrations and quotations.A. put . up B. touch . up C. cut . out D. write . off答案B. touch up.注释 touch up(=improve or perfect by small additional strokes or alterations)润色，修饰：1)The last part of the article needs to be touched up.(这篇文章的最后一部分需要润色。) 2)He touched up the picture by strengthening and shadows.(她把画修饰了一下，使光明部分和阴暗部分的对比度更鲜明。)put up留宿；cut out 删掉；write off报销，勾消。本题译文：你的文章较好；只要用些例证和引语修饰一下。26. I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _ when judging my examination.A. regard B. account C. thought D. observation答案B. account.注释 take sth. into account(=consider)考虑到：We must take local conditions into accoutn.27. There are three basic ways of _ language to writing, and all known graphic systems use one or a combination of these.A. committing B. attaching C. comparing D. relating答案A. committing.注释 commit.to 托付，交付：1)He was committed to the care of his aunt.(她被托付给她的姨妈照管。) 2)I have already committed the rules to memory.(我早已记住这些规则了。)commit sth. to writing(把.写下来)。28. Roses are quite _ flowers in English gardens.A. ordinary B. common C. usual D. general答案B. common.注释common(=usual and ordinary; happening of found often and in many places)一般的；常用的；常常发生的；到处可见的：a common experience(一般的经历)；a common tree(常用的树木)。This bird is common throughout Europe.(这种鸟在欧洲很常用。)They can treat most of the common diseases.(她们能治疗大多数常用病。)usual(=done, found, used or existing most of the time) 常常的，一般的，惯例的，习觉得常的；强调时间习惯方面，例如：This is the usual state of the house.(这房子里平常就是这种样子。)ordinary正常的，一般的，正常的；an ordinary day(平凡的一天)，ordinary people(一般人), a piece of ordinary dance music(一首一般的舞曲)。General一般的。它与common比较，语调稍强，具有很少例外的意外。可见本题中用common是最佳的选择。29. American women were _ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.A. ignored B. refused C. neglected D. denied答案D. denied.注释 deny 1)否认：A. He didnt deny the facts. B. They couldnt deny that it was a serious blow to them. C. He denied having ever there.(她否认曾到过那里。) 2)(=say no to a request; refuse to give sth. asked for or needed)不予以；Lots of people were denied the right to vote.(许多人被剥夺了选举权。)He denies his wife nothing.(她对她的妻子有求必应。)30. On turning the corner, we saw the road _ steeply.A. departing B. decreasing C. descending D. depressing答案C. descending.注释 descend(=come or go down)走下来；传下来：1)He descended from the top of the mountain. 2)Are men descended from apes?(人是不是猿的后裔？)depress 压抑，使沮丧。Depart出发，起程。31. We cant _ one to change the habits of a lifetime in a short time.A. hope B. wait C. expect D. imagine答案C. expert.注释expert盼望，盼望，表达觉得有很大的客观也许性，例如：I expert the work to be finished by Friday.（我盼望这项工作能在星期五前做完。）wait for . to do sth.等待、等待.做.，强调“等”这一动词的自身，如：The audience are waiting eagerly for the performance to begin.(观众正等着表演开始。)本题如改为这样：I waited for him to arrive in time for dinner, but he didnt come.(我等她来赶上晚餐，但她没有来。)则句子使是对的。由此可见，expect是表达“期待”，而wait for 是表达“等待”，词义完全不同。注意hope后不能接sb. to do sth.。imagine being on the moon. 3)Im sorry, but I cant imagine anyone doing research like that.(很遗憾，我不能想象人家那样做实验。)本题译文：我们不能盼望一种人在这样短的时间内变化一辈子养成的习惯。32. It was necessary to _ the factory building as the company was doing more and more business.A. extend B. increase C. lengthen D. magnify答案A. extend.注释本题中extend意为“扩大”。lengthen拉长,延长。magnify放大。 Spread vi. 传播；vt.展开；He spread butter on the toast.(她在烤面包上涂上奶油。)33. I asked the tailor to make a small _ to my trousers because they were too long.A. change B. variation C. revision D. alteration答案D alteration.注释alteration 修正，更改，尤指部分的变化。Change变化，变化，可指表面的、本质的、内在的变化。Revision修订、修正，常指文章、词典、剧本等的修改、订正。Variation(形式、位置、条件的)变化、变化、变动：We need some variation in our daily routine.(我们的例行公事需要作些变动。)34. Because of the strong sun Mrs. Williams new dining room curtains _ from dark blue to gray within a year.A. faded B. fainted C. paled D. diminished答案A. faded.注释fade vt/vi褪色。Faint晕到，变得虚弱：He fainted from hunger. Diminish vt./vi.减少：1)His illness diminished his strength. 2)The campers food supply diminished as the days wore on.(随着日子的缓缓消逝，野营者的食品供应日益减少。)pale变苍白。35. Jack is good, kind, hard-working and intelligent. _, I cant speak too highly of him.A. As a result B. By the way C. On the whole D. In a word答案D. In a word.注释in a word(=in short)总之，简言之。本题是测试“过度词”，考生务必根据上下文的逻辑关系来选择合适的过渡词，使句子的意思前后连贯。36. Evidence obtained from observation and experiment is often used to _ a scientific theory.A. confirm B. confine C. conform D. conceive答案A. confirm.注释 confirm(=support; make certain; give proof of)证明，的确：1)Please confirm your telephone message in writing.(请把你电话中所说的话再用文字复述一篇。) 2)The king confirmed that the election would be on June 20th.(国王确认，这次选择将于六月二十日举办。)confine.to把.限制于：Please confine your remarks to the subject we are talking about.(请把你的话限止于我们正在谈论的题目。)conform (to)使一致，符合，遵守。Conceive 1)想到，想出：He very quickly conceived a new plan.注意conceive of想象:They could not conceive of the possibility of failure.(她们不能想象失败的也许。)37. Political parties often differ in their views on various _ concerning their own countries.A. ways B. measures C. issues D. patterns答案c. issues.注释issue此处意为“重大问题”。measure措施，虽然填入本题也说得过去，但不够贴切。pattern模式，图案，图样。与题意不符，不能入选。way 措施，方式。38. _ his knowledge of the mountainous country, John Smith was appointed as our guide.A. In spite of B. On account of C. Regardless of D. Instead of答案B. On account of注释on account of(=because of)由于，由于。regardless of(=without worrying about)不顾；Regardless of danger, he climbed the tower.39. The lawyer was expected to _ some proposals after reading all those documents.A. come up with B. put up with C. look up to D. keep up with答案A. come up with.注释come up with提出。参阅，33。注释。Put up with忍受；keep up with跟上，与.保持一致；look up to尊敬。40. While typing, Helen has a habit of stopping _ to give her long and flowing hair a smooth.A. occasionally B. simultaneously C. eventually D. directly答案A. occasionally.注释occasionally 偶尔。参阅IV。137注释。Simultaniously同步地； directly直接41. In my opinion, you can widen the _ of these improvements through your active participation.A. dimension B. volume C. magnitude D. scope答案D. scope.注释scope(=the area within the limits of a questions, subject ect. ; range)(活动)范畴，机会，余地：The politics of a country would be outside the scope of a book for tourists.(一种国家的政治不属于旅游手册的内容范畴之内。)dimension尺寸，尺度；magnitude大小，数量；volume体积。均不切题，不能入选。本题译文：依我看，通过你的积极参与，你可以扩大这些改善措施的范畴。42. The noise was so _ that only those with excellent hearing were aware of it.A. dim B. soft C. faint D. gentle答案c. faint.注释faint(=weak, indistinct; not clear)“单薄的，模糊的，不清晰的”。Dim(=not bright, not clearly to be seen)不亮的，看不清的；the dim light of a candle(单薄的烛光)。43. If he refuses to _ my plan, I can probably find someone more cooperative.A. put up with B. fall in with C. do away with D. get along with答案B. fall in with.注释fall in with(=agree to)批准：Is it true that you have fallen in with them?(你真的批准她们的意见吗？)put up with忍受。do away with废除；杀死。get along with进行，进展；相处。本题译文：如果她不肯批准我的筹划，我或许能找一种更能合伙的人。44. Some people either _ avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutral about them.A. violently B. sincerely C. properly D. deliberately答案D. deliberately.注释deliberately(=on purpose)故意地。Sincerely真诚地；violently强暴的，剧烈的，暴力引起的。properly 1)好好地，恰本地；She never makes any attempt to clean it properly.(她历来也不打算好好地把它擦干净。) 2)严格地：Properly speaking, a whale is not a fish.(严格地说，鲸鱼不是鱼。)45. Her skirt had been so _ in packing that she had to iron it before going out.A. faded B. torn C. dirty D. crushed答案D. crushed.注释crush把.弄皱。由于后半句中iron指“熨平”，因此不能选其她答案了。46. His landlady gave him a weeks _ to leave the flat.A. threat B. notice C. advice D. caution答案B. notice.注释notice预先告知（尤用雇主、雇员或房东、房客之间）：give ones employee a months notice (告知雇员一种月后离职)。本题译文：她的女房东告知她一周后从套间搬走。47. Even if they are on sale, these refrigerators are equal in price to, if not more expensive than, _ at the other store.A. anyone B. the others C. that D. the ones答案D. the ones注释代词one可以用来替代前面提到过的名词，以避免反复。如果它替代的名词是复数，则用ones。本题中它替代refrigerators；因特指，故用the ones.48. When I took his temperature, it was two degrees above _.A. average B. ordinary C. regular D. normal答案D. normal注释normal正常的；ordinary一般的；usual平常的；regular有规律的，定期的。49. With the change of the economic foundation the entire immense superstructure is _ rapidly transformed.A. anything but B. more or less C. at large D. any more 答案B. more or less.注释more or less 或多或少地；anything but主线不；at large大体上；逍遥法外；具体地。本题译文：随着经济基本的变化，整个庞大的上层建筑也或多或少地发生变革。50. The author of the report is well _ with the problems in the hospital because he has been working there for many years.A. acquainted B. informed C. enlightened D. advised答案A. acquainted.注释be acquainted with熟悉，be well informed of(about)对.消息灵通。可见，此题中应用acquainted,由于背面地介词是with.51. It is clear that the whole world is passing through a social revolution in which a central _ must be taken by scientists and technologists.A. process B. attention C. measure D. part答案D. part.注释take part in参与。本题译文：显然，整个世界正经历着一场社会革命；科学家和技术人员必然是这场革命地重要参与者。52. The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more _.A. at length B. at last C. at stake D. at ease答案C. at stake.注释at stake(=to be won or lost; risked, depending upon the result of sth.)在危险中；利害攸关；His life itself was at stake.(她的生命自身濒临危险。); at last最后；at length具体地；at ease安详，自在，随便，不拘束：She knew he was not at ease.(她懂得，她并不自在。)本题译文：农民们比城里人更渴望鱼，由于雨水对农民来说关系更大。53. When the big bills for mothers hospital care came, father was glad he had money in the bank to _.A. fall short of B. fall through C. fall back on D. fall in with答案C. fall back on.注释fall back on求助于。参阅.48注释。Fall short of没达到，低于：1)He fell short of what we had expected.(她没有达到我们的盼望。) 2)The measures proposed fall far short of what is required.(所提出的这些措施远没达到需要的 目的。)Fall in with与.一致，符合；批准，赞成，支持。Fall through落空。参阅.49注释。本题译文：妈妈在医院就医的多种帐单送来时，爸爸快乐的是她可用银行里的存款来支付。54. These plastic flowers look so _ that many people think they are real.A. beautiful B. natural C. artificial D. similar答案B. natural.注释natural自然的，与后半句“许多人觉得它们是真的”相呼应。55. The managing director promised that he would _ me as soon as he had any further information.A. communicate B. notice C. notify D. note答案C. notify.注释notify告知。Notice n.告知；v.注意到；note n.笔记；v.记