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专题能力训练一单项填空(一)(句子结构类)一、A组1.(2017天津高考压轴卷,24)Our English teacher told us to find out the differences between American English and British English lie.A.whereB.howC.whatD.which答案:A解析:句意:我们的英语老师让我们找出美国英语和英国英语的区别在哪。空格处引导宾语从句,引导词做动词lie的宾语,指存在于哪里,故选A项。2.(2017天津高考压轴卷,28)Employers were unwilling to offer him a job he had been in prison.A.whenB.thoughC.asD.unless答案:C解析:句意:雇主们都不愿给他提供工作,因为他进过监狱。此处表示原因,应用连词as,故选C项。3.Howareyougettingalongwithyourproject?IwasabouttogiveupwhenanideaoccurredtomeIcouldworkwithTim.A.whyB.howC.thatD.whether答案:C解析:考查同位语从句。句意:你的工程进展得怎么样了?我刚想放弃这项工程,这时我突然想到可以与蒂姆一起合作。“IcouldworkwithTim”是与先行词idea等同的内容,所以用that引导这个同位语从句。4.As was known to all,John had broken his promise he would stay with us for some time.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.what答案:C解析:考查同位语从句。本句中promise后面含有同位语从句“thathewouldstaywithusforsometime”,that在句中不充当任何成分,只是一个引导词而已。句意:众所周知,约翰违背了他要和我们待在一起一段时间的诺言。故C项正确。5. and Ill get the work finished.A.Having one more hourB.One more hourC.Given one more hourD.If I have one more hour答案:B解析:句意:要是再有一个小时,我就完成工作了。题干是“祈使句+and+表示结果的陈述句”。A、C两项是非谓语动词,不能构成句子;D项是条件状语从句,不是并列分句。B项是名词词组,相当于一个祈使句,表示条件。6.was most important to her,she told me,was her family.A.ItB.ThisC.WhatD.As答案:C解析:句意:她告诉我,对她来说最重要的是她的家人。“wasmostimportanttoher”是主语从句,空格处做这个从句的主语,表示“的事情”,故用What。7.The mother couldnt figure out made her son spend so much time in preparing for this match.A.what it was thatB.that it was thatC.it was what thatD.what was it that答案:A解析:谓语动词figureout后面的“madehersonspendsomuchtimeinpreparingforthismatch”是宾语从句,根据选项可知这个宾语从句用强调句型,语序是:特殊疑问词+it+is/wasthat.。8.WillMr.Blackgototheopeningceremonythisweekend?No,hehasfinallydecided.A.notB.nottogoC.nottoD.nottogoto答案:C解析:decided后面的完整形式是nottogototheopeningceremony,为了避免重复只留下notto,把其他重复的内容省略。9.IwellremembermyexperienceasavolunteerIfoundwellsofpatienceandloveIneverknewIhad.A.whereB.whenC.whoD.which答案:A解析:句意:我清楚地记得自己那次做志愿者的经历,在那次经历中我发现自己很有耐心和爱心,这些是我(之前)从不曾知道的。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为有地点含义的抽象名词experience,故选where。10.Myfathercalledmeyesterday,askingmeIwasgettingalongwiththeexam.A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why答案:B解析:“Iwasgettingalongwiththeexam”是asking的宾语从句,这个从句缺少的是方式状语,故用how表示“(考试情况)怎么样?”11.AsfarasImconcerned,theycouldnt,theywould,getoutoftroublebythemselves.A.evenifB.whatifC.onlyifD.asif答案:A解析:句意:我个人认为,他们即使想(摆脱),也无法独立摆脱困难。evenif“即使”,符合句意,在此引导让步状语从句。whatif“要是会怎样呢”;onlyif“只有”;asif“好像”。12.Itsnotwhatyouhaveinyourlifebutyouhaveinyourlifethatmatters.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.what答案:A解析:句意:在你的人生中,重要的是你拥有谁而不是你拥有什么。该句是一个强调句型,强调的是not.but.连接的并列成分。根据句意可知,应该用who引导从句,who在从句中做宾语。13.Thereisnoneedtoworryaboutthepolicy,expertssay,acouplecangivebirthtotwochildrenwillsetoffarapidriseofpopulation.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether答案:B解析:句意:专家们说,没必要担心一对夫妇能够生两个孩子的这个政策会引起人口的快速增长。根据句子结构可知,本空引导同位语从句,做thepolicy的同位语,从句中不缺成分,故用that。14.Thereareoccasionsbackpackersaresotiredthattheyfallasleepalmostanywhere.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.what答案:A解析:句意:背包旅行者是如此劳累,以至于他们几乎在任何地方都能睡着。这样的情况是有的。occasion“(某事发生的)时候,场景”,是一个时间概念,关系词在定语从句中充当时间状语,因此使用关系副词when。15.Withtimegoingby,onceseemedvitalinourlifeisnolongerasimportantnow.A.whichB.howC.whatD.whether答案:C解析:句意:随着时间的流逝,曾经似乎是我们生活中极其重要的事,现在不那么重要了。分析句子结构可知,名词性从句在句中做主语,且从句中缺少主语,因此用what。二、B组1.(2017天津高考压轴卷,29)We are hoping for support from Mr.Webster,without support we cant make it.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD.that答案:B解析:句意:我们希望从韦伯斯特先生那里得到支持,没有他的支持我们就不能成功。此处是定语从句,空格后有support,故填whose,whosesupport做without的宾语。2.(2017天津红桥区二模,4)Im not sure whether I can persuade him to give up the adventure.,I will try my best.A.AnyhowB.SomehowC.BesidesD.Therefore答案:A解析:句意:我不确定我能否说服他放弃这次冒险。不管怎样,我会尽全力(说服他)。anyhow“无论如何,不管怎样”,符合语境;somehow“以某种方式;不知怎的”;besides“此外”;therefore“所以”。3.isknowntoallisthatwatchingTVproperlymaymakeourmindbroadandourliferich.A.ItB.AsC.WhatD.That答案:C解析:句意:众所周知,恰当地看电视可以使我们的视野开阔,生活丰富多彩。主语从句中缺主语,故用what。故选C项。4.It is becoming a threat to the Chinese language and culture some people cant write Chinese characters properly.A.whichB.thatC.whetherD.how 答案:B解析:句意:有些人不会正确书写汉字这一现象正在对汉语和中国文化产生威胁。it是形式主语,“somepeoplecantwriteChinesecharactersproperly”是真正的主语,是由连接词that引导的主语从句。that仅起引导作用,不在从句中做成分。5.The shocking news made me realize terrible problems we would face.A.thatB.howC.whatD.why答案:C解析:句意:这个令人震惊的消息使我意识到,我们将要面对多么严重的问题。及物动词realize后面部分是宾语从句,这个宾语从句中,terribleproblems做face的宾语,引导词做定语修饰复数名词problems,常用what引导。6.I promise to make you all proud again in direction life may take me.A.however B.wherever C.whatever D.whenever答案:C解析:句意:我保证不管在什么样的人生方向上我都会再次让你们感到骄傲。whatever修饰名词direction,意为“无论什么方向”;however“无论怎样”;wherever“无论哪里”;whenever“无论何时”。故选C项。7.Many a person up setting off firecrackers because of heavy smog.A.is givenB.has givenC.are givenD.have given答案:B解析:manyaperson做主语,谓语动词用单数形式,排除C项和D项。giveup表示“放弃”,与主语是主动关系,故选B项。8.Excuse me, Im afraid you cant sit here.This table is reserved.A.butB.andC.soD.for答案:A解析:Excuseme/Imsorry后面常跟but.引出真正要说的事情。9.Thenewmachine,ifproperly,willworkatleasttenyears.A.useB.usingC.beingusedD.used答案:D解析:if是连接词,表示“如果”,后面是省略句。use与主语是被动关系,故用used。10.youaretravellingnearorfar,wevegottipsonsavingmoneyandpackingsmartly.A.WhenB.WhereC.WhetherD.If答案:C解析:句意:无论你是近距离旅行还是远距离旅行,我们都有关于省钱和快速打包的窍门。根据句中的“or”可知,此处是whether.or.连接的让步状语从句。11.Jenny,willyouleavenow?No.ItwillbetwoweeksIleavehere.A.whileB.sinceC.beforeD.when答案:C解析:句意:珍妮,你现在走吗?不,我过两周才离开这儿。“Itwillbe+时间段+before.”是固定句型,意为“过才,在之后才”。12.Youcanneverplaycomputergamesyouhavepassedthetest.A.whenB.becauseC.ifD.unless答案:D解析:句意:如果你没有通过那次考试,那么你绝不能玩电脑游戏。unless相当于if.not,意为“除非,如果不”,引导条件状语从句,符合句意。13.Thesedrugsworkbestonlyaftertheyreachexpertscalladesiredlevelinthebody.A.whereB.howC.whatD.which答案:C解析:句意:这些药只有达到专家们所称的一种理想的水平后才能在身体中发挥最佳药效。因为从句中的call后接双宾语,因此这里用what引导宾语从句。14.Weallagreedthatthewayhethoughtoftosolvetheproblemwasimpractical.A.inwhichB.whichC.whatD.where答案:B解析:句意:我们都认为他想出来的解决这个问题的方法是不实际的。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是theway,所以此处可用关系代词which或that,也可不填。根据选项可知选which。15.BarbieflureferstothetrendyoungwomendramaticallychangetheirappearancetomakethemselveslooklikehumanBarbiedolls.A.whatB.whetherC.thatD.how答案:C解析:句意:芭比潮流指的是这样一种趋势年轻的女士大幅度地改变她们的外表,以使自己看起来像真人版的芭比娃娃。分析句子结构可知,空后是一个同位语从句,解释名词thetrend的内容,从句成分和意义完整,故用that来引导。三、C组1.(2017天津和平区二模,4)A childs behavior is most easily influenced by his parents.True.Thats we should set a good example to our kids.A.whyB.whenC.whetherD.where答案:A解析:句意:一个孩子的行为很容易受到其父母的影响。说得对。这就是为什么我们要给我们的孩子树立一个好的榜样。此处用why引导表语从句,表示原因。2.(2017天津和平区二模,12)The girl thought her boyfriend had bought her a necklace of great value in fact it was made of glass.A.whenB.whileC.thatD.as答案:B解析:句意:这个女孩以为她的男朋友给她买了一条很贵重的项链,然而事实上那条项链是玻璃做的。空格处前后表示对比,故用while。3.(2017天津河西区三模,10)Im looking forward to the exam,strange it may seem.A.whileB.althoughC.asD.yet答案:C解析:句意:奇怪的是,我很期待考试。此处为倒装结构,某些让步状语从句要倒装,此处从句可转换成Althoughitmayseemstrange,意为“尽管看起来离奇”。此类结构一般为:名词/形容词/动词+as+主语+谓语。故选C项。4.,Carolinacouldntgetthedooropen.A.TryasshemightB.AsshemighttryC.ShemightastryD.Mightsheastry答案:A解析:句意:尽管卡罗莱娜努力了,但是她还是不能把门打开。as引导让步状语从句时用倒装。5.The little boy wont go to sleep his mother tells him a story.A.orB.unlessC.butD.whether答案:B解析:句意:这个小男孩不愿意睡觉,除非他妈妈给他讲个故事。此处用unless引导条件状语从句,表示“除非,如果不的话”。6. you have any disagreement,we will carry out the plan next week.A.UnlessB.ThoughC.However D.When答案:A解析:句意:除非你不同意,我们下一周将要执行这个计划。此处用Unless引导这个让步状语从句,表示“除非”。7.You can smoke here you leave a window open to let the smoke out.A.even thoughB.so thatC.as long asD.in case答案:C解析:句意:只要你把窗户敞开让烟气散发出去,你就可以在这里吸烟。这里用aslongas引导条件状语从句,表示“只要”。8.I dont think the price of gas will go down this week,?A.will itB.dont IC.wont itD.do I答案:A解析:“Idontthink+宾语从句”,后面跟反意疑问句时,反意疑问句要与宾语从句的主语和谓语一致,而且此句为否定前移,宾语从句仍然作为否定句处理,所以要用willit。9.OnlywhenshebegantowriteGrowingUpAgainignoringhermum.A.sheregrettedB.shehadregrettedC.didsheregretD.hadsheregretted答案:C解析:句意:只有当她开始写再次长大时她才后悔忽视了她的妈妈。only连接的时间状语(从句)放在句首时,句子应用部分倒装语序。动作regret应在began之后发生,不可用过去完成时,而应用一般过去时。故C项正确。10.Itwaswhilehewasvisitinghisuncleinamountainvillagehegottheinspirationforhisnewnovel.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where答案:A解析:句意:他正是在山村拜访他叔叔时,获得了新小说的灵感。分析句子结构可知,此处使用了强调句型,其结构为“Itis/was+被强调部分+that+其他”,故选A项。11.IhavebeenlivingintheUnitedStatesfor20years,butseldomsolonelyasnow.A.haveIfeltB.IhadfeltC.IhavefeltD.hadIfelt答案:A解析:句意:我在美国生活了20年了,但是很少像现在这样感到如此孤独。否定词seldom置于句首,句子要部分倒装,再根据前面的“havebeenliving”可知此处应用现在完成时。故选A项。12.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeiteasy;isnoneedtobenervous.A.itB.thisC.thereD.which答案:C解析:Thereisnoneedtobe/do.是固定句型,意为“没有必要”。13.scoresoftimes,buthestillcouldntunderstandit.A.HavingexplainedB.HavingbeenexplainedC.ThoughitwasexplainedD.Itwasexplained答案:D解析:本句中but是并列连词,由此可知but前后都是完整的分句。故D项正确。14.Maryenjoyshome-madefood,sosheseldom,eatsout.A.ifneverB.ifanyC.ifeverD.ifnot答案:C解析:句意:玛丽喜欢家常便饭,所以她如果曾在外面吃饭的话也是很少。if不和never连用;ifany“如果有一些的话”;ifever“如果曾有过的话”;ifnot“如果不这样的话”。15.Dontstandbywhenyoucomeacrosshavedifficultyinsupportingtheirfamilybecauseofseriousillness.A.whoB.whoeverC.whicheverD.whomever答案:B解析:comeacross后面为一个宾语从句,而引导词在宾语从句中做主语,强调“任何人”,应用whoever。7
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