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Unit 1 Enjoy the colorful campus life!P3 II. Basic Listening Practice1. ScriptW: Have you chosen your electives for next semester yet? Are you taking French writing again?M: Yes I am, but its compulsory for us next semester. So I think Im gong to do marketing as an elective instead.Q: Which class will the man choose as his elective?2. ScriptM: Did you go to that business strategy lecture on Friday? I missed it and need to copy your notes. W: Id say you could borrow my notes, but Sarahs got them. Be careful not to miss Professor Browns seminar; he takes attendance in that.Q: What is the woman telling the man?3. ScriptW: Wow, Steven! In the library! What brings you here?M: Im enjoying the view. All the girls in fashion design are here preparing for an exam on Monday.Q: Why is the man in the library?4. ScriptW: Hows your group doing with this statistics presentation? Mines terrible.M: Yeah, mine too. David and Mike are OK, but Steven doesnt pull his weight and Suzies never around. I dont see how we can pass unless Steven and Suzie realize that this is their last chance.Q: What is the true of Steven and Suzie?5. ScriptW: You took an MBA at Harvard Business School, didnt you? Whats it like? M: Its expensive, about U.S. $ 40,000 a year, plus the costs of food and housing. But the teaching is first class. The professors have a lot of practical experience. They use the case system of teaching; that is, you study how actual businesses grew or failed.Q: Why is he MBA teaching in Harvard Business School first class, according to the conversation?Keys: 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.AIII. Listening InP4 Task1: On the First DayScriptHarrison: Im Harrison. Good to meet you. So youve bought the books for this biology class.Jenny: Sure, I think everyone had to before class started.Harrison: No. Usually no one does much on the first day because its still add-drop.Jenny: Whats that?Harrison: Changing from class to class to find out which one is best. Hey, where are you from?Jenny: Poland. Have you had this teacher before? Ive heard he is really good.Harrison: Hes good if youre a hard-worker. He expects a lot.Jenny: Oh, I guess thats good. I hope I can keep up with everyone else in the class. Maybe I need your help after class.Harrison: Youre welcome.Professor: All right. See you guys next week.Student: See you.Jenny: Harrison, wait up!Harrison: So what do you think about the professors lecture?Jenny: I think half of what he said went over my head. Harrison: Thats all right. A lot of what he said is explained in the reading.Jenny: Hey, would you mind if I borrowed your notes tonight to look them over?Harrison: No problem. We dont have class until Wednesday. Here you go.Jenny: Thanks. I just want to make sure Im prepared for the seminar.Harrison: Yeah, participation in the discussion is an important part of the education here.Seeing that Jenny has bought the books for the biology class, Harrison says nobody does much on the first day because its still add-drop, which means students are changing from class to class. Jenny knows the professor is really good. But Harrison warns her that the professor is good, only if students are hard-workers, for he expects a lot. After class, Jenny admits that half of what the professor said went over her head, and Harrison assures her that a lot of what the professor said is explained in the reading.When Jenny asks to borrow Harrison notes, he says “on problem”, for they dont have class until Wednesday. Finally, Harrison says participation in the discussion at the seminar is an important part of the education there.P6 Task3: How to Get Straight AsScriptIt is interesting to note how straight A students achieve academic excellence. Here, according to education experts and students themselves, are the secrets of super-achievers.First, they know how to set priorities. Top students allow no intrusions on study time. Once the books are open or the computer is turned on, phone calls go unanswered, TV shows unwatched, snacks ignored. Study is business, and business comes before recreation.Also, good students can study anywhere and everywhere. Claudia Hill, an Arizona State University business professor recalls a cross-country runner who worked out every day. Hill persuaded him to use his spare time to memorize biology term. Then he posted a list of biology terms on the mirror in the bathroom. He learned a few terms every day while brushing his teeth. Eventually, he scored high on the final examination.Moreover, top students schedule their time well. Study times are strictly a matter of personal preference. Some work late at night when the house is quiet. Others awake early. Still others study as soon as they come home from school when the work is fresh in their minds. All agreed, however, on the need for consistency. A student says, “Whatever I was doing, I maintained a certain period of time every day for studying.”Another important characteristic of super-achievers is that they know how to read, According to a book entitled Getting Straight As, the secret of good reading is to be “an active reader-one who continually asks questions that lead to a full understanding of the authors message”.1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about superachievers starting to study?2. What did the cross-country runner do to score high on the exam?3. What is the good thing all top students agree on?4. What does the speaker mean by “an active reader”?5. What is the main idea of the passage?Keys: 1B 2.C 3. D 4.A 5.DVI. Further Listening and SpeakingP17Task3: Harvard UniversityScriptHarvard University is the oldest institute of highest learning in the United States. Founded 16 years after the arrival of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, the university has grown from 9 students with a single master to the present enrollment of more than 18,000 students, including undergraduates and students in 10 graduate and professional schools. Over 14, 000 people work at Harvard, including more than 2,000 faculties. Harvard has produced six presidents of the United States and 34 Nobel Prize winners.During its early years, Harvard offered a classic academic course based on the model of English universities, but consistent with the prevailing Puritan philosophy. Although many of its early graduates became ministers in Puritan churches throughout New England, the university never formally affiliated with a specific religious group.Under President Pusey (1953-1971), Harvard started what was then the largest fund-raising campaign in the history of American higher education. It was an 82.5 million dollar program for the university. The program increased faculty salaries, broadened student aid, created new professorships, and expanded Harvards physical facilities.Neil L. Rudenstine took office as Harvards 26th president in 1991. As part of an overall effort to achieve greater coordination among the universitys schools and faculties, Rudenstine encouraged academic planning and identified some of Harvards main intellectual priorities. He also stressed the importance of the universitys excellence in undergraduate education, the significance of keeping Harvards doors open to students from families of different economic backgrounds, the task of adapting the research university to an era of both rapid information growth and serious fund shortage.1. What is main idea of the passage?2. How many teachers did Harvard have at the very beginning?3. What was the role of religion at Harvard University was during is early years?4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an achievement of President Puseys fund-raising program?5. What did President Rudenstine do?Keys: 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.DUnit 2 Our globe is in danger!II. Basic Listening Practice1. ScriptM: Now we have satellite and high-powered microscopes, its easy to think we know everything about the world; but we still dont understand EI Nino.W: Right. Even the scientists are uncertain about the exact cause of the warm Pacific current that brings storms or droughtthe mysterious EI Nino.Q: Which of the following is true according to the conversation?B) Even scientists cannot understand EI Nino.2. ScriptM: Everyone is talking about environmental problem: acid rain, greenhouse effect, holes in the ozone layer. We should think positively. What can we do to improve things?W: I agree. We could do a lot more to harness the suns energy for heating and lighting in our homes. Millions of solar roofs are now emerging in Japan, the U.S., Italy, and Germany.Q: How do the man and the woman view the environment?D) Both the man and woman think positively about it.3. ScriptW: We lived in Beijing some years ago. It was always difficult to keep the house clean with the wind from the north blowing sand from the desert.M: Thats why the Chinese government has been encouraging people to plant trees along the edges of the Gobi Desert. Now those trees act as wind barriers.Q: What have the Chinese people been encouraged to do?A) To grow trees.4. ScriptM: Many old refrigerators and cars are environmental hazards because they contain CFCs that destroy the ozone layer.W: Yes, but government organizations are helping people to safely dispose of old refrigerators or, in the case of cars, to upgrade their air conditioning.Q: What are government organizations helping people to do?A) To treat old electrical appliances safely.5. ScriptM: Hey. Thats an aerosol spray youre using on your hair! Build a bomb or set fire to the apartment to kill us quickly instead of making holes in the ozone, so we die of cancer.W: Cool it. This spray doesnt contain CFCs. And youd better read a little more.Q: What does the man mean?C) The woman should not use an aerosol spray.III. Listening InTask 1: We should have proper respect for nature! Martha: Do you think most people in your culture respect nature?Ed: I think so. Um more now than before.Martha: What do you think is the most serious environment problem in the world today?Ed: TodayI think damage to the ozone layer is a big problem, and another problem is pollution in big cities and things like that.Martha: How do you learn about environmental problems?Ed: Um through school. A lot of clubs promote environmental safely, and some TV programs, too. They talk about environmental safely and stuff like that.Martha: Do you think students should learn more about the environment at school? Ed: I think so. So, as they grow older, they can be more aware of all the problems that are going on, and prevent more problems from occurring.Martha: If you could create a new law to help the environment, what would it be? Ed: A new law for the environment? UmId probably say that when people throw away their cigarette butts, they have to throw them into the garbage bin, not just throw them everywhere because its just littering and I hate that. So they should be fined if they throw them on the floor on the ground. Martha: Thats a good idea. What do you personally do to help protect the environment?Ed: I m so against littering. I never litter. If I see somebody litter, I get really angry. So I always throw my trash into the garbage bin.Key:(1) nature(2) environmental problem(3) pollution(4) promote(5) aware of(6) from occurring(7) law(8) throw away(9) fined(10) trashUnit 3 Culture makes me what I am.II. Basic Listening Practice1. ScriptW: Chinese students are often too shy to say anything in class. M: I think they dont speak because their culture values modesty， they dont want to be showing off. Goes back to Confucius.Q: Why dont Chinese students say in class according to the man.C They are modest.2. ScriptW: The government is doing something at last about sex discrimination in the work place. Women deserve the same pay as men for the same work.M: Yeah. In the United States women earn only 70 percent of what men get for the same job. Its a situation that has to be changed.Q: What does the man say about the women.A They earn less than men.3. ScriptW: I admire Michael Dell. He had a dream to be the worlds largest manufacture of personal computers and he has realized that dream.M: And he dropped out of university to become a success. I wonder if there is a lesson in that.Q: What do we learn about Michael Dell from the dialog.D He succeeded in his career though he did not complete his education.4. ScriptM: Successful entrepreneurs are often self-made people who have a vision and know where they are going.W: But do they enjoy life like you and me or is money their only concern.Q: What are the two speakers attitudes toward successful entrepreneurs.D The man admires the entrepreneur but the woman does not.5. ScriptW: Do you agree that equal opportunity for all in an educational system is important？M: Yes but we have to recognize that all of us are not of equal ability.Q: What does the man imply？ A We should acknowledge differences between students.III.ListeningInTask1:CompetitioninAmericaScriptAlan: What are you reading, Eliza?Eliza: An article on America competition.Alan: Competition is everywhere. Why so much fuss about it, Miss Knowledge? Eliza: Dont make fun of me. According to the author, competition is especially important in American life. Theyre taught to complete from early childhood. When children play games, they learn how to beat others.Alan: And many girls want to look more attractive than the girls sitting next to them in class. Do you think that way?Eliza: Dont be silly. Lets get back to the point. When children are growing up, they complete with one another in their studies.Alan: Isnt that also true of students in other nations? As we all know, many Asian students would kill for a high test score and grab every opportunity to sharpen their competitive edge over others.Eliza: American boys find great pleasure in competing with each other in sports, according to the author.Alan: I do like sports. When our football team beats the other team, I feel great makes me want to shout out loud. But isnt that normal throughout the world? Eliza: American people also compete with each other at work and at climbing the social ladder.Alan: But theres such competition in other countries as well.Eliza: Youre right in a sense, but the author says the idea of competing is more deeply rooted in the minds of Americans. Theyre even taught that if you lose and dont feel hurt, there must be something wrong with you.Alan: I hear that some Asians put emphasis on cooperation. Which approach do you think makes more sense?Eliza: Its hard to say. Anyway, its just culture difference. Question and key:1. What is the dialog mainly about?C) Varies aspects of American competition.2. What is the woman reading?A) Reading an article on American competition.3. What do children learn from playing games according to the woman?C) Competitiveness.4. What does the man say about Asian and American students?B) Competition exacts among both Asian and American students.5. What does the woman think more sense, competition or cooperation?D) Its difficult to arrive at a definite conclusion.Task3: Cross-cultural tips on doing business Countries from around the globe, such as Germany, the U.S., the U.K., and Russia, conduct a lot of business in China-the biggest market in the world. Here are some tips to help you deal more successfully with people from those nations. Firstly, you must be punctual with the Germans. Being even five minutes late makes a poor impression. Being punctual is also very important with Americans and the British. But while its important to be on time for business meetings, nobody expects you to be punctual for a social event. Half past seven is really means a quarter to eight, or even eight oclock! With Russians, always be on time, but dont be surprised if your Russian contact is very late! It is not unusual for them to be one or even two hours late! In the business environments of those four countries, it is best to wear formal clothes of dark colors. In Russia, designer clothes are rather common. However, dont be surprised if you go to an office in the U.K., on a Friday and find everyone wearing jeans. Many companies in the U.K. have “dress down Fridays”, when people wear casual attire. In conversation, the British and the Americans love humor and talking about sports. The weather is also a good topic of conversation with the British, but you should avoid political talk. With the Russians, say positive things about their country, and avoid making complaints. The Germans, however, prefer to get straight down to business! Remember that with the Germans, once a deal has been agreed upon, you cant change it! With the Americans, money is more important than relationships, whereas with Russians its important to get to know your contacts well. Also, dont be surprised if a British meeting seems like a chaos, with everyone participating and giving opinions! Remember these tips and you will be on your way to a successful international career. Question and key: 1. What is true of the Americans and the British in term of punctuality? D) They are punctual for business meetings, but less for social events.2. In which country do people have “dress down Fridays”? A) The U.K. 3. What can you infer about the Russians from their conversation? D) They are patriotic. 4. How can you do business well with the Russians? A) You should know your contacts well. 5. What is the speakers attitude toward the four nationalities? C) He is neutral to all of them. Further listening and speaking Listening Task2: Our personal space Our personal space, that piece of the universe we occupy and call our own, is contained within an invisible boundary surrounding our body. As the owners of this area, we usually decide who may enter and who may not. When our space is invaded, we react in a variety of ways. We back up and retreat, stand our ground as our hands become moist from nervousness, or sometimes even react violently. Our response shows not only our unique personality, but also our cultural background. For example, cultures that stress individualism such as England, the United States, Germany, and Australia, generally demand more space than collective cultures do, and tend to aggressive when their space is invaded. The idea of space is quite different from the one found in the Mexican and Arab cultures. In Mexico, the physical distance between people when engaged in conversation is closer than what is usual north of the border. And for Middle Easterners, typical Arab conversations are at close arrange. Closeness cannot be avoided. As is the case with most of our behavior, our use of space is directly linked to the value system of our culture. In some Asian cultures, for example, employees do not stand near their bosses; the extended distance demonstrates respect. Extra interpersonal distance is also part of the cultural experience of the people of Scotland and Sweden, for whom it reflects privacy. And in Germany, private space is scared.Key: 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F Task3: We dont know what to do with them. A Russian, a Cuban, an American businessman, and an American lawyer were passengers on a fast train speeding across the French countryside. As time wore on, they gradually became friendly with one another, introducing themselves and shaking hands. Eventually, the Russian took out a large bottle of vodka and poured each of his traveling companions a drink. Just as the American businessman was sipping the vodka and pra
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