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专题二介词与介词短语专题二介词与介词短语-2-基础考法考法1考查介词的搭配介词与动词、名词、形容词、副词、其他介词等的习惯搭配比较固定,是高考考查的热点和难点。考生要准确掌握同一介词与不同词搭配以及不同介词与同一词搭配的准确含义,解题时要注意把握语境,从而轻松确定答案。在短文改错题中,会考查一些介词错用或漏用的题目。【典型例题1】(2016全国卷)Most of us are more focused our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.解析:be focused on为固定短语,意为“集中于”。故填on。考法总结高考对介词的考查通常以固定搭配的形式进行,有时是考查短语变式的形式,比如本题就是考查focus.on的形容词短语形式。-3-基础考法【典型例题2】(2015全国卷)For those who fly to Guilin,its only an hour away car and offers all the scenery of the better known city.解析:句意:对于那些乘坐飞机去桂林的人来说,乘汽车(去阳朔)只需要一个小时的车程,而且(阳朔)这里有那座更有名的城市(桂林)的所有景色。by car为固定搭配,意为“乘汽车”。故填by。考法总结“by+交通工具”表示移动方式,意为“乘坐某种交通工具”。根据空后表示交通工具的名词car可以推断此处填by。-4-基础考法【典型例题3】(2014全国卷)He reported the case the police and then sat there,lost and lonely in a strange city.解析:句意:他向警察报告了这一情况,然后坐在那里,在一个陌生的城市里迷茫而孤独。report.to.为固定搭配,意为“向报告”。考法总结the police表示行为的对象,行为对象前面一般用介词for或to。根据动词report可知要填to。【典型例题4】(2014全国卷)We can lie on the grass for a rest,or sit by the lake listening music.解析:句意:我们可以躺在草地上休息,或者坐在湖边听音乐。学生易受汉语思维影响,listen后直接接宾语。但是,listen为不及物动词,接宾语时需加介词to,故在listening后加to。考法总结listen to.为固定搭配,意为“听”,to后接“听”的内容。-5-基础考法考法2考查介词的基本用法课标高考卷对于介词基本用法的考查主要出现在语法填空和短文改错中,常以在具体语境中考查高频介词的形式出现。【典型例题5】(2017全国卷)This trend,which was started by the medical community(医学界)a method of fighting heart disease,has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.解析:as此处表示这一趋势最开始被医学界作为与心脏病做斗争的一种方法。as“作为”。考法总结as作为介词,除了用在固定搭配中,单独考查也需注意。-6-基础考法【典型例题6】(2014全国卷)One morning,I was waiting the bus stop,worried about being late for school.解析:句意:一天早上,我在公共汽车站等车,担心上学迟到。表示出现的场所、位置、空间或地点用介词at。故填at。考法总结根据句子结构可知,空后为表示较小地点的the bus stop,所以用at。需要注意的是,如果不仔细理解语境,考生易根据前面的wait直接填介词for,从而造成失误。-7-1.(2016全国卷改编)In India,for example,most people traditionally eat their hands.2.Researchers say we can accurately judge 90%a strangers personality simply by looking at the persons shoes.3.Sammy walked the car and helped Tom push it forward,but his boots slipped on the warm asphalt(沥青).with考查基本用法。此处指“在印度大部分人用手抓饭吃”。故填介词with表示“用,以”。of考查基本用法。根据空处前的90%和空处后的“a strangers personality”可知,空处前后为所属关系。故用介词of。behind考查基本用法。根据空后的“push it forward”可知,此处表示走到车的后面推车。故填介词behind。-8-4.Zhu De was born December 1,1886 to a poor farmers family in a town in Yilong County,a hilly and isolated part of northern Sichuan Province.5.Most caves are formed nature under the ground,and some have entrances people can find.on考查基本用法。此处指“朱德出生的时间”,表示在具体的某一天。故应用介词on。by考查基本用法。根据“大部分洞穴是在地下自然形成的”,并结合空前的“are formed”可以判断,应用介词by表示“通过方式”。-9-6.To fight terrorism,all the countries should join hands and cooperate a genuine manner.in考查固定搭配。句意:为了打击恐怖主义,所有的国家都应该联手以一种真诚的方式合作。in a/an.manner为固定搭配,意为“以一种的方式”。7.I was born in a town called Blackburn,and lived there till I left home the age of eighteen.at考查固定搭配。句意:我出生在一个叫Blackburn的小镇,直到18岁我才离开那儿。at the age of为固定搭配,意为“在岁时”。-10-8.According to the World Health Organization,about 200 million people suffer malaria around the world.9.She also goes to other countries where people cannot afford this treatment and helps them free.from考查固定搭配。句意:据世界卫生组织调查,全世界大约有2亿人得过疟疾。suffer from为固定搭配,意为“(因疾病、痛苦等)受折磨”。for考查固定搭配。此处表示“她免费帮助那些承担不起这种治疗(费用)的人”,for free意为“免费”,为固定搭配。故用介词for。10.(2016天津卷改编)Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice her opinion on the subject.to考查固定搭配。give voice to sth为固定搭配,意为“表达对某事物的想法”。-11-1.Unfortunately,my efforts ended in failure because another friend Amy carelessly let out of my plan.2.I would be grateful if you could be so kind to provide me for the information and Im looking forward to your early reply.3.After that,everyone enjoyed the sweet birthday cake and shared with my happiness.删除oflet out意为“泄露”,为固定短语,后接宾语。forwithprovide sb with sth为固定短语,意为“把某物提供给某人”。删除withshare意为“分享”,为及物动词,可直接接宾语,无须加介词。-12-4.We never know one minute on the stage takes away ten years of practice.5.Many people view sailing for romantic and relaxing.6.The good thing about children is that they adapt very easily new environments.删除away句意:我们从来不知道台上一分钟,台下十年功。此处的take是及物动词,意为“花费”。take away意为“拿走”,不符合句意。foras句意:很多人觉得出海航行是浪漫悠闲的。view.as.意为“把看作”,是固定搭配。在easily后加to句意:关于孩子们好的方面就是他们能很轻松地适应新的环境。adapt to意为“适应”,为固定搭配。-13-7.Not having promoted the new digital camera successfully,the company should reflect its original marketing methods.8.Be careful!Dont let the false information on your mobile phone take you out.9.Nowadays when it comes at diet and exercise,people all know what to do.在reflect后加on句意:由于没有成功推销这款新的数码相机,公司应该反思最初的营销方式。reflect on意为“思考;反思”,为固定搭配。outin句意:当心!别被你手机上的虚假信息给骗了。take in意为“欺骗”,为固定搭配。atto句意:当今,一谈到饮食和锻炼,人们都知道怎么去做。when it comes to.是固定句式,意为“一谈到”。-14-10.After studying in a medical college for five years,Jane took over her job as a doctor in the countryside.overup句意:在医学院学习了五年后,简在乡下做了一名医生。表示“开始从事”应用take up。故将over改为up。-15-One day,I was walking in the street when I noticed a woman 1.(come)up to me with a nervous smile and said,“Sir,can you help a person out?I havent eaten for almost two days.”I handed 2.(she)a few quarters and watched her walk away.That area was so poor and 3.(rule)by drugs and crimes that I walked to the corner and stopped by the door of the ATM machine(自动取款机).Then I 4.(walk)inside and made sure that no one came in behind me.-16-I put my card into the machine and deposited my money with a sigh of relief.5.I turned to leave,I saw a wallet sitting on another machine.I had a look at it,the name on the licence was one I could not pronounce,but whoever he was,he was going to get into a panic over a wallet 6.his identification in it being lost in this city.-17-I put it in my pocket and went home.In my apartment,I checked the online phone book 7.(find)out whether there was someone who matched the name on the cards in the wallet,but without luck.I picked up the bank card and had 8.thought.Because I wanted to help the guy,I called his bank.But the girl over the phone said they could not give out any personal information about their clients.So I left my contact information with her and asked her to tell the 9.(own)to contact me.Two days later,a gentleman who is 10.(thank)appeared at my office and I gave him back his wallet.I smiled all day long.Doing good for others does good for you.-18-【解题导语】本文讲述了作者帮助他人的一次经历,并且作者从这次经历中认识到行善就是对自己好。ing句意:一天,我正走在大街上,这时注意到一位女士面带紧张的微笑向我走来。notice sb doing sth表示“注意到某人正在做某事”。2.her句意:我递给了她一些钱并看着她走远。设空处做handed的宾语,应用代词的宾格,she的宾格为her。3.ruled句意:那个地区很穷,而且被毒品和犯罪活动控制着。根据句意及设空后的by可知应用一般过去时的被动语态,前面有and连接。故填ruled。4.walked句意:于是我走进去并确信没有人尾随我。与上下文时态一致,应用一般过去时。-19-5.When/As句意:当我转身要离开时,我看到另一台取款机上有一个钱包。逗号后是主句,故设空处应该用连词引导时间状语从句。故填When或As。6.with句意:无论他是谁,都会为这个钱包陷入恐慌,因为这个里面有他的身份证明的钱包,在这样的城市里丢失了。表示钱包里有什么东西,用介词with。7.to find句意:在我的公寓里,为了找出是否有人跟钱包里卡上的名字相配,我核对了网上的电话簿。设空处在句中充当目的状语,应用动词不定式。8.ahave a thought为固定搭配,意为“想了想”。9.owner设空处前有定冠词the,故此处用名词,根据句意“请她告诉钱包的主人跟我联系。”可知答案为owner。-20-10.thankful句意:两天后,一位绅士感激地出现在我的办公室。设空处做is的表语,应用形容词。故填thankful。
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