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SB1 A ( unit1-unit 12)专题一：重点单词高考解读【高考导航】2020;2020高考命题趋向分析：1.especially是个副词，它与另外两个副词 speciallyspecifically 的辨析常常是高考考察的重点，无论是在完形填空中还是在单选中.especially意思为尤其是、特别是，而意specially思为专门， specifically意思为明确的、具体的.由于这三个副词在形上的相近，所以，他们辨析的难度加大了，相信2020;2020 年的高考中还会有所考察的2consider是个及物动词，它的两个汉语意思用两种不同的结构，很容易混淆。如果意思为“认为”，后面要用不定式结构；如果意思为“考虑”后面要用现在分词结果。比如：我认为他已经知道了答案。I considered him to have known the answer.而另一个句子：我在考虑换一份工作。I am considering changing a job.所以，它在句子中出现的时候，一定要判断准他的汉语意思，来决定该使用哪一个结构。高考趋势是注重应用，所以对这种基本词汇的考察将成为重点3.treat是个及物动词，它有两层汉语意思：作为对待这一汉语意思，它常用以下的结构：treat sb well/ treat sb badly/ treat sb/sth as /to be ; 作为款待、招待这一汉语意思，它常用以下的结构：treat sb to sth. 所以，它在句子中出现的时候，一定要判断准他的汉语意思，来决定该使用哪一个结构4.include的考察点有两处：它做状语时分词的选择，包括-，用现在分词 including，用过去分词included; 考点二是它和contain 的辨析和区别：前者强调的是从属关系，包括在内；后者强调的是内容，内有-，含有-。2020;2020 的高考中，无论是单选，还是完形填空对近义词的辨析仍然是备考的重点5.prepare是个万能动词,它的用法特别的多,同学们备考时要掌握好它的各个用法,特别是它做状语是表示动作和表示状态时,所用的结构不一样,这常常是高考考察的重点,2020;2020 的备考它也应该是备考的重点【真题品析】（09湖北卷）23.The loss has not yet been accurately, but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars.A. calculated B. considered C. completed D. controlled【答案】A.有语境可知道，损失还没有精确地计算【点拨】掌握动词的不同含义(2020;2020全国卷一) 18. Little Jenny felt the bag, curious to know what it_.A. included B. contained C. saved D.loaded【答案】A.考察近义词的辨析。【点拨】想知道里面是什么，强调的是内容，所以选B（2020;2020辽宁）33。I like Mr Ministers speech; It was clear and _the point.A. on B. to C. at D.of【答案】B.考察固定短语【点拨】to the point 切中要害，扣准题（07天津卷）- Could you turn the TV down a little bit?- _. Is it disturbing you?A. Take it easy. B. Im sorry. C. Not a bit D. It depends【答案】 B 考查交际用语【点拨】根据句意，“打扰你了吗？”应为“对不起”(09江苏)27. Compared with his sister, Jerry is even more _to, and more easily troubled by , emotional and relationship problems.A. skeptical B. addicted C. available D. sensitive【答案】D 考察固定短语.【点拨】be sensitive to对什么敏感。Jerry is even more sensitive to emotional and relationship problems. more sensitive to与more easily troubled by 并列。知识网络【考点概览】重点单词：compare treat especially consider means strike seize determine apologize interrupt raise represent include damage prepare point add remind succeed devote spread variety suggestion desire satisfy精讲点拔重点词汇考点一 compare【基础过关】compare v 比较，相比。例如：Compare the present with the past.对比今昔Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.莎士比亚把世界比做舞台We saw the film separately and compared notes afterwards.我们分别看了这个电影，然后交换了意见【拓展延伸】compare常和介词搭配使用，注意其含义：compare -with -把-和-比较My mother often compares me with my older sister.妈妈经常把我和我的姐姐比较compare-to-把-比做-She compared books to palaces.她把书比做宫殿compare notes with sb.与某人交换意见、观点I compared notes with my teacher on this matter.就此事，我与老师交换了意见beyond compare 无与伦比The beauty here is beyond compare.这里的美是无与伦比的【典型例题】-with the size of the whole ,the biggest ocean doesn t seem big at all.A.Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared【答案】D 考察非谓语动词，空格才处省略的是the biggest ocean.【点拨】和-比较做状语是一定要用过去分词形式compared with /to考点二 treat【基础过关】treat v 对待；招待，款待He treat the boy well.【拓展延伸】treat sb. Well。对待-好The host treated us well.男主人待我们很好treat sb.badly对待-不好That man treated her badly.那个男人对她很不好treat -as-把-看作为Our English teacher treats us as her friends.我们的英语老师把我们看作她的朋友treat sb.to sth.款待某人-Last night he treated me to a film.昨天晚上他请我看了一场电影【典型例题】Last time you paid the meal;this time it is my_.A.fun B.honour C. treat D.turn.【答案】C。考察该单词作为请客这一含义的用法【点拨】掌握单词的多个意思和用法考点三 especially【基础过关】especially adv.尤其是，特别是The teacher praised many students ,especially you.老师表扬了许多学生，尤其是你【拓展延伸】especially意思为尤其是、特别是，而意specially思为专门，specifically意思为明确的、具体的.由于这三个副词在形上的相近，所以，他们辨析的难度加大了I came specially to see you.我来专门为了看你He worked specifically.他的工作明确，具体【典型例题】The headmaster noted the importance of many subjects ,_English.A. specially B. specifically C .carefully D. especially【答案】C。考察该单词辨析【点拨】要注意形近意思不同的单词考点四consider【基础过关】consider v 认为是；考虑I considered you to be right.我认为你是对的。I am considering accepting your suggestions.我正在考虑接受你的建议【拓展延伸】consider-as 把-看作为I consider you as my friend.我把你看作为我的朋友consider- to be 认为-是-The boss considered the excuse to be reasonable.老板认为这个借口合乎情理consider sb. to have done认为-作了某事Bill is considered to have invented the phone.比尔被认为发明了电话【典型例题】You did well with everything_.A. considering B. to consider C. considered D.to be considered【答案】C。考察with的复合结构，everything 和consider之间是被动关系，所以选C，过去分词。【点拨】分析主被动关系是解题的关键考点五means【基础过关】means n.方式，方法，手段The money wasnt earned by honest means.钱不是用诚实的手段获得的【拓展延伸】与它有关的几个短语：by this means用这种方法。I worked out the problem by this means.我用这种方法解出了这道题by any means当然可以，用来回答别人的请求-Could you help me with my work?你能帮我完成我的工作吗？-by any means.当然可以by no means决不By no means will I give in.我决不会屈服的【典型例题】Every possible means _tried.A.has been B. have been C. is D. are【答案】A.考察该单词的单复数问题【点拨】means 的单复数同形，关键是看它前面的修饰限定词考点六strike【基础过关】strike v.意思为；打，敲响，突然袭击，打动，突然产生n.意思为：罢工The workers are still on the strike.工人门仍在罢工。Strike the nail with a hammer.用锤子敲打钉子。He was struck with fever.他发烧了What struck me most was the dive of the masses.给我印象最深的是群众的干劲。【拓展延伸】和beat 的辨析。beat 强调连续地敲打，有节奏地跳动My heart is beating fast.我的心跳动的很快【典型例题】Around 1998,a big flood_Hubei Province.A. struck B. beat C. knocked D.happened【答案】A。考察该单词词义，突然袭击【点拨】备考是动词的词义和用法是个重点考点七 seize【基础过关】seize v 抓住；夺取，占领；领会，掌握；疾病侵袭.Seize him by the arm.抓住他的胳膊。Seize the day ,seize the hour.只争朝夕。I cant quit seize your meaning.我不十分领会你的意思【拓展延伸】常用在被动语态中，表示疾病侵袭；情绪支配He was seized with panic.他惊慌失措【典型例题】I am lucky to _the opportunity to go to abroad.A.seize B. lose C. keep D.steal【答案】A。考察该单词词义，抓住做某事的机会。【点拨】要注意动词和名词的搭配使用。考点八 determine【基础过关】determine v. 下定决心去做某事。Marry determined to marry Jone.玛丽决定嫁给约翰。【拓展延伸】几个相近词组的用法：英语中决定做某事的表达方法：determine to dobe determined to dodecide to domake a decision to domake up ones mind to do【典型例题】He is a _person, so he will keep to it.A. determined B. determine C. determining D.decided【答案】A。考察该单词词义的多样性。determined 意思为：有决心的，意志坚定的。【点拨】平时要注意单词的广度。考点九 apologize【基础过关】apologize 不及物动词，意思为：道歉I apologize to you for what I have done.我为我所做的事情向你道歉【拓展延伸】apologize to sb.for sth.因某事向某人道歉。=say sorry to sb.for sth.(doing sth.)=make an apology to sb. 向某人道歉He apologized to me for what he said.=He made an apology to me for what he said.=He said sorry to me for what he said.他为他说过的话向我道歉【典型例题】She was unhapppy because he didnt_her.A. say sorry B. apologize for C. made an apology to D. pardon【答案】C. 考察该动词和介词的习惯搭配。apologize to sb= make an apology to sb. 向某人道歉【点拨】备考时，要加强这方面的记忆和训练考点十 represent【基础过关】represent 及物动词。意思为：描述、主张、声称、代表X represents the unknown. X代表着未知数。He represented himself to be a teacher,他自称是一位教师【拓展延伸】represent sth. to oneself想象出某事物。She represented a present.她想象了一份礼物。represent oneself to be (as)自称为，自称是He represented himself as an expert.他自称自己是专家。present 用法详解1. present 及物动词赠送,呈献(+to/with)He presented her with a bunch of flowers. 他献给她一束鲜花。 引起(问题),造成(困难)(+to/with)All this presented new safety problems. 所有这些都造成了新的安全问题。 提出,提交,呈递(+to)Some 300 papers were presented at the meeting. 会上提出了大约三百篇论文。呈现;描述;出示(+to)He had to present a smiling face though heavy-hearted.虽然忧心忡忡,但他还得露出一副笑容介绍,引见2.present用作名词礼物,赠品CHe often gave his neighbors kids little presents.他常常送些小礼物给邻居的孩子。3.present用作形容词出席的,在场的How many people were present at the meeting last night?昨晚到会的有多少人?现在的,当前的BIm not at all satisfied with the present situation. 我对目前的情况一点都不满意【典型例题】I can only _to you by map.A. talk B. tell C. speak D. represent【答案】D.考察单词词义，“我只有通过地图向你描述。”represent有描绘之意。【点拨】掌握动词的词义考点十一 include【基础过关】include 及物动词。包含，包括，算入The freight is included in the account.运费包括在帐内。【拓展延伸】特别注意：include 的分词做状语的两种形式。include sb./sth.包括某人/某事The boss praised several workers, including you .；老板表扬了几个人，包括你。sb./sth. included 某人/某事被包括在内The boss praised several workers, you included. 老板表扬了几个人，你被包括在内。【典型例题】The people of the world, _the American people, oppose wars.A. including如果空格在后则选 B. included C. to include D. include【答案】A。空格后是被包括的，所以选A . 如果空格在后则选B.【点拨】掌握动词做分词用的一些习惯性用法考点十二 damage【基础过关】damage 名词和动词。伤害、损害。The flood caused great damage to the city.洪水对这个城市造成了巨大的损害His heart was slightly damaged as a result of the disease.由于这场病，他的心脏轻微受损。【拓展延伸】damage 指对价值和功能的破坏，一般可以修复。destroy 指通过有力或暴力的手段使其毁灭或无用，一般不能修复。多用做比喻意义。harm 主要用无生命的东西，有时指伤到一个人的健康、权利。hurt 指肉体或感情的伤害。wound 多指战争或战场上的刀伤和抢伤。它也可以用做名词。【典型例题】He was _in the battle.A. hurt B. destroyed C. damaged D. wounded【答案】D. Wound 多指战争或战场上的刀伤和抢伤。【点拨】平时要多积累近意词的辨析。考点十三 prepare【基础过关】Prepare 动词。意思为：预备、准备、筹备She was preparing the meal when we arrived.我们到的时候，她正在准备饭。They are busy preparing to go to holiday.。他们正忙着去度假。【拓展延伸】prepare to do sth.准备去做某事。prepare for sth. 为某事做准备。prepare sb.for sth./to do sth. 使某人为做某事做好准备be prepared to do sth./for sth. 强调状态，准备好了做某事in preparation for 准备-【典型例题】-Whats that trouble noise?-The neighbours _for a party.A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare【答案】B.因为噪音正在发生，所以选择进行时【点拨】时态题目的选择要在具体的语境中进行考点十四 point【基础过关】point 名词，点；意义。动词；指出There is no point in saying so.这样说没意义。He pointed my mistakes.他指出了我的错误。【拓展延伸】point out 指出He pointed out the error.他指出了我的错误point to 指向The boy pointed to the tree in the distance. 那个男孩指向远方的那棵树。point at 指着My mother pointed to my nose. 我妈妈指着我的鼻子point作名词时，有以下几种含义。 Pleasepayattentiontothestudyofthelanguagepointsineachunit请注意每一单元中语言重点的学习。Ifailedtocatchhispointofview我没能领会他的观点Histalkisshortbutquitetothepoint他的发言简洁切题句型；There is no point in doing sth.为固定句式，意为做某事没有作用或意义，与Its no good / no use doing sth.同义，point在此句中意为：作用，用处，意义point常见词组还有： come to the point 谈正题或主要问题off the point 偏离正题to the point 中肯，切题in point of fact 实际上，事实上【典型例题】It was foolish of him to _his notes in the big exam,so he failed.A. stick to B. keep to C. point to D. refer to【答案】D.stick to ，坚持，监守。keep to，保持 point to，指着 refer to，参考，查阅。【点拨】考察以to 结尾的动词短语的用法考点十五 add【基础过关】add vt.& vi. 增加，添加；加；补充说。例如：The fire is going out. Will you add some wood?火快熄了，你要不要加点儿木柴？If you add all these amounts together, you get a huge figure.你把这些数量加在一起就会得到一个巨额数字“And dont be late,” she added. “还有别迟到，”她补充说到【拓展延伸】add常与up, to, together等词连用，注意其含义：add up/together把加起来例如：Add up these figures, please.请把这些数字加起来He wrote down the weight of each stone and then added up all the weights.他把每一块石头的重量记下来，然后把所有的重量加在一起add up to加起来总和是例如：His whole school education add up to no more than one year.他所接受的学校教育加起来不超过一年的时间add to增加；增添例如：The news added to his anxiety.这个消息增添了他的忧虑Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night.烟火使节日的夜晚更加生色addto 把添加到上例如：Will you add more sugar to your coffee? 你的咖啡要多加些糖吗？That was adding fuel to the fire.这正是火上浇油。【典型例题】（1）We have planted flowers and green trees around the blocks of buildings, which_the beauty to the whole city.A. add to B. add up to C. Is added to D. add【答案】D 考查词组add-to-把-曾加到-。【点拨】add短语用法对比，按照句意逐一排除考点十六remind【基础过关】remind 提醒；使想起My husband remained me to get up early.我丈夫提醒我早起Your words remained me of my past. 你的话使我想起我的过去【拓展延伸】remind sb. to do sth,提醒某人去做某事remind sb. of sth.-使某人想起【典型例题】The picture remained me _my childhood.A. to B. of C. in D. on【答案】B. Remind sb. of sth.-使某人想起【点拨】记忆动词和介词的习惯搭配考点十七 succeed【基础过关】succeed 不及物动词-成功；及物动词动词-继承My brother succeeded in making a big deal.我弟弟成功地做成了一笔大生意He succeeded a house from his grandfather.他从他祖父那里继承了一套方子【拓展延伸】succeed in doing =manage to do=be successful in doing 成功地作成了某事。He succeeded in finding a good job.=He managed to find a good job,=He was successful in finding a job.他成功地找到了一份好工作。【典型例题】The party of last night was a big_.A. succeed B.successful C. manage D. success【答案】D。空格处需要一个名词【点拨】了解单词各种词形的变化考点十八 devote【基础过关】devote 致力于、献身于、全神贯注于。I devoted most of my time to my teaching work.我的大部分时间致力于我的教学工作。The old man was devoted to the underground work. 这位老人献身于党的地下工作。【拓展延伸】为-付出；致力于，献身于的表达结构有：devote ones life/ones energy /oneself tobe devoted to sth./doingHe devoted to helping the blind.他一生致力于帮助盲人【典型例题】He is a _friend of my father.A.devoting B. devoted C. being devoted D. devote【答案】B. devoted 忠实的，忠诚的。全心全意的【点拨】了解单词的派生词汇考点十九 spread【基础过关】spread 动词。意思为：展开、铺开、散布、扩大、延伸。The bird spread its wings.那只鸟展开了翅膀Flies spread disease.苍蝇传播疾病【拓展延伸】spread sth.with sth. 用-抹、涂、铺-He spreaded the bread with butter.他把黄油抹在面包上spread A on B 把-抹、涂、铺 在-He spreaded butter on the bread. 他把黄油抹在面包上spread like wildfine 快速传开、蔓延The disease spreaded like wildfine.这种病快速传开【典型例题】Paper making began in China and _to Europe.A. spread B. grew C. carried D. developed【答案】A。造纸术起源于中国，又传播到了欧洲。Spread，传播。【点拨】近义词的辨析。考点二十 satisfy【基础过关】satisfy 及物动词。令-满意What I did satisfied my parents very much.我做的事令父母很满意。satisfying 令人满意的An satisfying answer 一个令人满意的答案satisfied 满意的，满足的a satisfied expression 一个满意的表情be satisfied with=be pleased with=be content with 对-赶到满意的I am satisfied with your progress. 我对我的进步感到满意to ones satisfaction 令人满意的是Much to my satisfaction ,I passed the text. 很令我满意的是我考及格了。【典型例题】There was a _ expression on her face.A.satisfying B. satisfied C. satisfaction D. satisfy【答案】B.修饰人的表情多用以ed结尾的形容词【点拨】掌握不同形容词的不同用法。考点二十一: require【基础过关】require 是及物动词，意思是需求，要求。常用下列句型结构：1） 接名词作宾语。例如：This job requires strength.这份工作需要体力2）接不定式作宾语补足语。例如：They required us to help them. 他们要求我们帮助他们3）接that从句（从句谓语动词should+动词原形，其中should可省略）。例如：She required that I（should）go at once.她要求我立刻去。The situation requires that immediate action（should）be taken.情势上需要立即采取行动4）接动名词主动式或不定式被动式例如：These temples require repairing next month . = These temples require to be repaired next month【拓展延伸】 require/ request/ demand辨析三者相同的是：后均可接sth. of sb.不同的是：require，demand，后接宾语从句时，谓语动词应用虚拟语气，用should+动词原形或省略should，而request后接从句，谓语动词用直陈语气，require，demand意为要求，需要，request意为请示，需要。Require与 request都可接不定式做宾语补足语，demand不行，require与demand都可接不定式做宾语，request不行。Require后可接v-ing形式，相当与need的用法，但demand只接不定式和名词 request/ demand可以用做名词，而require的名词为requirement.【典型例题】Visitors _not to touch the exhibits.A. will request B. request C.are requesting D. are requested【答案】D. 考查动词的时态与语态【点拨】从句意看参观者被要求不能触摸展品，应该使用被动式考点二十二: sight n. 视力；视觉；见【基础过关】 sight n. 视力；视觉；见short near sight 近视long far sight远视lose ones sight 失明I have good poor sight.我视力很好不好。那个小孩一看见母亲立刻活泼起来The sight of his mother instantly enlivened the child. catch sight of vt.看见，发现站在山顶，我们能够看见全城的景色Standing at the top of the hill you can catch sight of the whole city.【拓展延伸】 与sight有关的短语：at first sight 初见；乍一看 at the sight of 一看见come into sight 进入视线内；映入眼帘 know a person by sight 只知其人lose sight of 不再看见；失去的踪影 within sight = in sight 看的见；在视野之内out of sight 看不见sightseeing 游览；观光shortsighted近视的；目光短浅的catch sight of 看见，发现【典型例题】 完成句子： their demands seemed reasonable. 乍看之下，他们的要求似乎满合理的 I his tall figure in the crowd. 我在人群中发现了他那高大的身躯At last the famous tower . 那座有名的塔终于出现在眼前They the school building. 他们来到看得见学校建筑物的地方【答案】 At first sight caught sight of came into sight came in sight of考点二十三：marriage【基础过关】marriage名词 n.1. 结婚,婚姻UCan offer of marriage 求婚After 10 years of marriage, they are divorcing.他们结婚十年了，现在正闹离婚2婚礼CThe marriage will take place in May. 婚礼将于五月举行【拓展延伸】marry vt.& vi.结婚，娶，嫁；把嫁给；为主持婚礼marry + (adj./adv.) 结婚He never married. 他终生未娶。They married young. 他们很年轻时就结了婚She married late in her life. 她结婚晚marry sb./get married to sb. 与某人结婚He married a classmate from high school(=He got married to a classmate from high school). 他与高中时的同班同学结了婚。She married money/a fortune. 她跟有钱人结了婚marry sb. to sb. 把某人嫁给某人Shes determined to marry all her daughters to rich men.她决心把她的女儿都嫁给有钱人。They married her (off) to the first young man who came along.他们把她嫁给了第一个出现的年轻人marry sb. （牧师）主持婚礼The priest who married us was really nice.给我们主持婚礼的那个牧师非常和蔼可亲married adj.结婚的，已婚的（作定语和表语）。例如：a married couple 夫妇Are you married or single? 你结婚了还是单身?Jeff and Marti are married(=Jeff and Marti got married).杰夫和马蒂结婚了（口语中，人们常常避免在married后面用to）They got married two years ago(=They married two years ago).他们两年前结婚（口语中，get married比marry更通俗随便、更为常用）They are getting married next month(=They are marrying next month).他们下个月结婚（前句比后句更为常见）注意： marry sb./get married to sb.不可与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，be married (to sb.) 表示状态，则可以与时间段连用Its said that they have been married for twenty years.据说他们已经结婚二十年了【典型例题】Zhan Ling and LiLi are both doctors and they _ for ten years.A. have married B. have got marriedC. have been married D. have married to【答案】 C 考查动词【点拨】 考查marry的用法，marry sb./get married to sb.不可与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，故排除A，C。而空格后为时间状语，排除D同步练习1.Michaelsnewhouseislikeahugepalace, _withhisoldone. ks5uA. comparingB. compares ks5 C. tocompare D. compared ks52 not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. Ks5uA. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded3.-Your mum is very kind. Ks5u-Yeah, My mum is pretty considerate, you know what ,she always arranges everything around me. Ks5uA. she means B. you mean C. I mean D. we mean Ks5u4 .If Bush _his sister to attend the party, she will certainly be glad. She hasnt met Bush for years.A. allows B. promises C. demands D. suggests5 .Did you remember to give Jenny the money?Yes. _ I saw her, Im sure.A. So long as B. So far as C. The moment D. Any time6. - What is the price of petrol these days-Oh, it _ sharply since last month.A. is raised B. has risen C. has arisen D. is increased7.people in the West are expected to leave _ could be life s most important decision - marriage - almost entirely up to luck.A. as B. that C. which D. what8. We are at your service. Dont to turn to us if you have any further problems. Ks5uA. beg B. hesitate C. desire D. seek Ks5u9.The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any_ Ks5uWhen the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April,2020;2020. Ks5uA. delay B. effort C. schedule D. consideration10.It seems that living green is easy and affordable. A small step masks a big difference. A. exactly B. especially C. surprisingly D. hardly11. not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. Ks5uA. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded12.Unsatiafied_withthepayment, hetookthejobjusttogetsomeworkexperience. ks5uA. thoughwasheB. thoughhewas ks5 C. hewasthough D. washethough ks513.So you missed the meeting._. I got there five minutes before it finished
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