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2020考前冲刺英语专题15 非谓语动词 1. The ability _ an idea is as important as the idea itself. (2020湖南卷21)A. expressing B. expressedC. to express D. to be expressed【解析】选C。主语the ability 为“能力”，抽象名词。通常使用动词不定式作定语。句意：表达思想的能力与思想本身同等重要。我们也可以联想到be able to do “能够干”而得出答案。2. The players _ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. (2020湖南卷23)A. selecting B. to selectC. selected D. having selected【解析】选C。select 与the players 间有动宾关系。因此select用过去分词形式表被动动作由句子主语发出时，非谓语动词用主动形式；当非谓语动词的动作是句子主语所承受时，用过去分词或不定式、动词的ing形式的被动形式。3. “代词主格或名词的普通格 非谓语动词”构成独立主格结构。非谓语动词逻辑主语为代词或名词。4动名词复合结构由“物主代词或名词所有格动名词”构成独立主格结构。这种结构既可用作主语，也可用作宾语，但作宾语时，还可用代词宾格或名词普通格动名词结构。5不定式的复合结构：for sb. to do sth.。考点2.独立成分作状语_you the truth, I feel like _ to bed now.A. Telling; going B. To tell; goingC. Telling; to go D. To tell; to go【解析】选B。to tell you the truth作独立成分；like是介词，其后跟动名词作宾语。例2：The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house. (2020新课标卷27)A. rose B. risingC. to rise D. risen【解析】选B。句意：他接下来看见的事是从房子后面正冒着烟。现在分词rising表动作正在进行，和修饰词smoke间有主谓关系。rising from behind the house现在分词短语作后置定语。动词不定式一般表示在谓语动作之后的事情，要表示发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前的事情，须用不定式的完成式；动词的ing形式一般表示与谓语动词动作同时进行的动作，若要表示发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前的事情，须用动词的ing形式的完成式。考点4.非谓语动词的句法功能1. 作主语、表语：动名词表示一般性、经常性的动作。不定式表示一次性的动作。动名词、不定式作主语常用it作其形式主语，但no use, no good作表语时，真正主语常用动名词。2. 作宾语：(1)有些动词只跟动名词作宾语常用的这类动词有： mind, finish, enjoy, excuse, imagine, keep, practice, suggest, miss, consider, prevent, appreciate, advise, avoid, allow, admit, delay, escape, permit, forbid等。(2)有些动词只跟不定式作宾语常用的这类动词有： want, wish, hope, expect, agree, decide, learn, pretend, ask, stop doing sth. 停止做某事stop to do sth. 停下来做另一件不同的事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事mean to do sth. 打算做某事go on doing sth. 继续做刚做的事go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事cant help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事cant help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事3. 作宾语补足语：例1： Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams. (2020重庆卷33)A. reminding B. to remindC. reminded D. remind【解析】选C。keep himself reminded of his own dreams(姚明的图片)使他想起自己的梦想。过去分词 reminded作宾补。例2： Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words. (2020浙江卷14)A. lose B. lostC. to lose D. having lost4. 作定语：例1：On receiving a phone call from his wife _ she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.(2020江西卷32)A. says B. saidC. saying D. to say【解析】选C。saying作后置定语修饰a phone call from his wife来自他妻子的一个电话说。4. 作定语：例2：Tsinghua University, _ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. (2020福建卷23)A. found B. foundingC. founded D. to be founded【解析】选C。过去分词founded(成立于)作非限制性定语修饰Tsinghua University(清华大学)。(1) 注意非谓语动词的形式，不定式作定语一般用主动式，只有当不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语或宾语时，才用被动式；现在分词作定语表示主动意义，动作正在进行；过去分词一般表示被动、完成含义。(2) 非谓语动词的位置：非谓语动词短语作定语时，都要放在所修饰的词之后；单个的动词的ing形式或过去分词作定语时，一般放在所修饰的词之前。不及物动词的不定式作定语，与修饰的名词构成动宾关系时，不及物动词后面的介词不能丢。 1. 动词see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to, let, have, make 接不定式作宾补时，不定式的to须省略，但句子变为被动语态时，不定式的to不能省略。2. why, would rather, had better, may as well, cannot (help / choose) but等后须跟省to的不定式。3. 介词but, except等前若有行为动词do, 其后常用省to的不定式作宾语；若没有行为动词do, 则用带to的不定式。4. 不定式作表语时，若主语中有行为动词do 的某一形式时，不定式的to可有可无。例1： It was a pity that the famous painter died _ his painting unfinished.A. of B. fromC. out D. with【解析】选D。本题考查with复合结构充当状语的用法，不是词组die of， die from和die out。with复合结构例2：With his mother _ him, he is getting on well with his work.A. help B. to helpC. helping D. helped4. “with+名词/代词+名词”。He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul.5. “with+名词/代词+done”。在此结构中，过去分词和宾语是被动关系，表示动作已经完成。With the problem solved, he went out to play.6. “with+名词/代词+ing分词”。此结构强调名词是ing分词的动作的发出者或某动作、状态正在进行。He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him.7. “with+宾语+to do”。此结构中，不定式和宾语是被动关系，表示尚未发生的动作。With nothing to do, Ill go out for a walk in the park.
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