2022年教师资格（中学）-英语学科知识与教学能力（初中）考试全真模拟测试41

住在富人区的她2022年教师资格（中学）-英语学科知识与教学能力（初中）考试全真模拟测试（带答案）题目一二三四五六总分得分一.单项选择题(共15题)1.Polyester (聚酯)is now being used for bottles. ICI, the chemicals and plastics company, believes that it is now beginning to break the grip of glass on the bottle business and thus take advantage of this huge market.All the plastics manufacturers have been experiencing hard times as their traditional products have been doing badly world-wide for the last few years. Between 1982 and 1984 the Plastics Division of ICI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars, and they felt that the most hopeful new market was in packaging, bottles and cans.Since 1982 it has opened three new factories producing Melinar, the raw material from which high quality polyester bottles are made.The polyester bottle was born in the 1970s, when soft drinks companies like Coca Cola started selling their drinks in giant two-liter containers. Because of the build-up of the pressure of gas in these large containers, glass was unsuitable. Nor was PVC, the plastic which had been used for bottles since the 1960s, suitable for drinks with gas in them, A new plastic had to be made.Glass is still cheaper for the smaller bottles, and will continue to be so unless oil and plastic become much cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.Polyester bottles are virtually unbreakable. The manufacturers claim they are also lighter, less noisy when being handled, and can be reused. Shopkeepers and other business people are unlikely to object to a change from glass to polyester, since these bottles mean few breakages, which are costly and time-consuming. The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade. ICIs commercial department is developing different bottles with interesting shapes, to try and make them visually more attractive to the public.The next step could be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food. The problem here is the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.Why arent all bottles now made of polyester?_ A. The price of oil and plastic has risen.B. It is not suitable for containing gassy drinks.C. The public like traditional glass bottles.D. Shop-keepers dislike reusable bottles.正确答案：C,2.In spite of all stories of prosperity in the United States, not only does poverty exist there, but crimes of various types have been increasing at an alarming rate. Most acts of violence were com- mitted by young people. 57% of the criminals arrested in 1979 were youths below 25 of age.Everyone agrees that crime is partly a result of bad material, conditions: poverty, lack of education, living without a settled home, being parentless, sufferings from other kinds of misfortune, etc.There are also other factors than material conditions which are responsible for the sharp increase of crime rate. In the first place, some state laws provide a death penalty but some not. Secondly, the Constitution allows every citizen to carry weapons for his own protection. It is therefore possible and easy for anyone in the country to get a gun. Finally, there has been too much shown on TV and too much reported in newspaper of all kinds of crime, the details of which are so accurately described that even children know how to duplicate what they have seen or read. All these have resulted in a high frequency of crimes committed both by professional criminals and by non- professional ones in murder, drug smuggling, robbery, etc. The underlined word “penalty is closest in meaning to A. punishmentB. trialC. accusationD. execution正确答案：A,3.We once had a poster competition in our fifth grade art class.You could win prizes, our teacher told us as she wrote the poster information on the blackboard. She passed out sheets of construction paper while continuing, The first prize is ten dollars. You just have to make sure that the words on the blackboard appear somewhere on your poster. We studied the board critically. Some of us looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard, rocking the sheets to the right or left while we conjured up our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought. We had plans for that ten dollar grand prize, each and every one of us. Im going to spend mine on candies, one hopeful would announce, while another practiced looking serious, wise and rich.Everyone in the class made a poster. Some of us used parts of those fancy paper napkins, while others used nothing but colored construction paper. Some of us used big designs, and some of us preferred to gather our art tidily down in one comer of our poster and let the space draw the viewers attention to it. Some of us would wander past the good students desks and then return to our own projects with a growing sense of hopelessness. It was yet another grown-up trick of the sort they seemed especially fond of, making all of us believe we had a fair chance, and then always-always-rewarding the same old winners.I believe I drew a sailboat, but I cant say that with any certainty. I made it. I admired it.I determined it to be the very best of all of the posters I had seen, and then I turned it in.Minutes passed.No one came along to give me the grand prize, and then someone distracted me, and I probably never would have thought about that poster again.I was still sitting at my desk, thinking, what poster? When the teacher gave me an envelope with a ten-dollar bill in it and everyone in the class applauded for me. What was the teachers requirement for the poster? A. It must appear in time.B. It must be done in class.C. It must be done on a construction sheet.D. It must include the words on the blackboard.正确答案：D,4.Passage OneCoasts mark the area where dry land meets oceans of other large bodies of water. They are one of the most active environments found on Earth. The coastal landscape is ever-changing. It reflects the conflicting processor of erosion and deposition. It is a landscape that is affected by the iterations of the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun.Coasts are among the most beautiful and inspiring landscapes on the planet, whether they are scenes of torrential storms of serene calm. Throughout recorded history, humans have sought to live on or near coasts. Although coasts account for only 10 percent of Earths land surface, they serve as home to two-thirds of the worlds human population.Coast and shore, coastline and shoreline, are commonly used in place of each other. Technically, there are different areas along a coastal landscape. The line that marks the boundary between water and land is the shore line. It constantly fluctuates because of the regular action of waves and tides. The shore is that strip of ground bordering a body of water that is alternately covered or exposed by waves or tides. The boundaries of the shore are marked by the shoreline at its farthest landward. Tide is the periodic rising and falling of water in oceans and other large bodies of water in response to the gravitational attraction of the Moon and the Sun upon Earth. Although the Sun is larger than the Moon, the Moon is closer to Earth and, therefore, its gravitational force is approximately 2.2 times greater. The gravitational pull of the Moon creates two types of tides: high and low. A tidal bulge occurs in the oceans on the side of Earth nearest to the Moon. At the same time, a second tidal bulge occurs on the opposite side of Earth. This second bulge forms because the force of the Moons gravity pulls the solid body of Earth slightly away from the water on Earths far side. These bulges are high tides. The areas between the tidal bulges experience low tide.As Earth rotates, the tides move over its surface. It takes approximately 24 hours and 50 minutes for a given point on Earth to make a complete cycle relative to the Moon, and two lunar tidal cycles occur during this time. Thus, the average time between high tides is 12 hours and 25.minutes. This is a generalized explanation of tides. They do not move evenly and predictably over Earths surface. Variations in the depth of the oceans and the distribution of landmasses combine with other factors to produce highly complex tidal behavior.The coast and coastline begin where the shore ends at its high tide mark. The line between the coast and the shore at high tide is the coastline. The coast extends landward from the coastline to the first major change in terrain features, which may be miles inland. This could be a highland or a forest or some other type of terrain.How many people live on or near coasts?_A. About 10 percent of human population.B. About 25 percent of human population.C. About 67 percent of human population.D. About 75 percent of human population.正确答案：C,5.You dont need to make fancy foods to impress guestsit is something simple but good will do.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. who正确答案：B,6.Sixteen years ago, Eileen Doyles husband, an engineer, took his four children up for an early morning cup of tea, packed a small case and was never seen or heard of again. Eileen was astonished and in a state of despair. They had been a happy family and, as far as she knew, there had been nothing wrong with their marriage.Every day of the year a small group of men and women quietly pack a few belongings and without so much as a note or a good bye close the front door for the last time, leaving their debts, their worries and their confused families behind them.Last year, more than 1,200 men and nearly as many women were reported missing from home-the highest in 15 years. Many did return home within a year, but others rejected the past completely and are now living a new life somewhere under a different identity.To those left behind this form of desertion is a terrible blow to their pride and self-confidence. Even the finality of death might be preferable. At least it does not imply rejection or failure. Worse than that, people can be left with an unfinished marriage, not knowing whether they will have to wait seven years before they are free to start a fresh life.Clinical psychologist Paul Brown believes most departures of this kind to be well planned rather than impulsive. Its typical of the kind of personality which seems able to ignore other peoples pain and difficulties. Running away, like killing yourself, is a highly aggressive act. By creating an absence the people left behind feel guilty, upset and empty. When her husband left home, Eileen Doyle .A. could not forgive him for taking the childrenB. had been expecting it to happen for some timeC. could not understand whyD. blamed herself for what had happened正确答案：C,7.Which of the following materials is NOT appropriate for a teacher to use in listening practice?_A. Materials with different dialects.B. Comprehensible authentic materials.C. Materials with comprehensible new words for students.D. Materials with contents beyond students comprehension capacity.正确答案：D,8.We keep in touch writing often.A. withB. ofC. onD. by正确答案：D,9. is defined as the study of the relationship between language and mind.A. SemanticsB. PragmaticsC. Cognitive linguisticsD. Sociolinguistics正确答案：C,10.Mom, have a rest, please. You in the kitchen ever since you came home.A. had workedB. were workingC. have been workingD. would work正确答案：C,11.The shy girl felt and uncomfortable when she could not answer her teachers questions.A. amazedB. awkwardC. curiousD. amused正确答案：B,12.The basic concept of curriculum reform is with the development of studentscultivate the environmental awarenesscultivate the innovation capability and practical abilityreduce the burden of learningA. B. C. D. 正确答案：C,13.As we know, it is very important that a firm should pay attention to the training of its staff as there exist many weak parts in its various departments. Staff training must have a purpose, which is defined when a firm considers its training needs, which are in turn based on job descriptions and job specifications.A job description should give details of the performance that is required for a particular job, and a job.Specification should give information about the behavior, knowledge and skills that are expected of an employee who works in it. When all of this has been collected, it is possible to make a training specification. This specifies what the Training Department must teach for the successful performance of the job, and also the best methods to use in the training period.There are many different training methods, and there are advantages and disadvantages of all of them. Successful training programs depend on an understanding of the difference between learning about skills and training in using them. It is frequently said that learning about skills takes place “off the job” in the classroom, but training in using these skims takes place on the job, by means of such activities as practice in the workshop.It is always difficult to evaluate the costs and savings of a training program. The success of such a program depends not only on the methods used but also on the quality of the staff who do the training. A company can often check on savings in time and cost by examining the work performed by the workers and technicians who have completed a training program. The evaluation of management training is much more complex than that.The success of a training program depends on .A. the places where the training takes placeB. the correct evaluation of the costs and savings of the programC. the performance of the workers and technicians trained in the programD. the training methods and the quality of the training staff正确答案：D,14.Mary doesnt like blue red. But .A. or; Lily doesB. and; does LilyC. nor; Lily isD. neither; is Lily正确答案：A,15.Just recently the trustees of Social Security and Medicare issued their annual reports on the programs futures. Heres one startling fact: By 2030 the projected costs of Social Security and Medicare could easily consume via higher taxes-a third of workers future wage and salary increases. Were mortgaging workers future pay gains for baby boomers retirement benefits.This matters because Social Security and Medicare are pay-as-you-go programs. Current taxpayers pay current benefits. Future taxpayers will pay future benefits. Baby boomers retirement benefits will come mostly from their children and grandchildren, who will be tomorrows workers. Consequently, baby boomers children and grandchildren face massive tax increases. Social Security and Medicare spending now equals 14 percent of wage and salary income, reports Elizabeth Bell, a research assistant to Eugene Steuerle of the Urban Institute, Washington, D. C. By 2030, using the trustees various projections, that jumps to 26 percent. Of course, payroll taxes dont cover all the costs of Social Security and Medicare. Still, these figures provide a crude indicator of the economic burden, because costs are imposed heavily on workers via some tax, government borrowing and cuts in other government programs.It can be argued that the costs are bearable. The wage gains in the trustees reports could prove too pessimistic. Like all forecasts, theyre subject to errors. Even if they come true, they assume that tomorrows wages will be higher than todays. Productivity increases; wages rise. In 2030, under the trustees intermediate assumptions, workers before tax incomes would be about a third higher than now, says Tom Saving of Texas A&M University. Whats the complaint if workers lost through steeper taxes-some of that? Why shouldnt they generously support parents and grandparents? Well, maybe they will. But there are at least two possible flaws in this logic.The first is that, on a year-to-year basis, wage gains would be tiny-less than 1 percent. When theyve gotten that low before, people have complained that theyre on a treadmill and that the American dream has been withdrawn. Even these gains might be diluted by further tax increases to trim todays already swollen budget deficits. The second and more serious threat is that higher taxes would harm the economy. They might dull economic vitality by reducing investment and the rewards for work and risk-taking. Productivity and wage gains might be smaller than predicted. Then wed flirt with that death spiral: Wed need still higher taxes to pay benefits, but those taxes might depress economic growth more.One way or another, workers may get fed up with paying so much of their paychecks to support retirees, many of whom were living quite comfortably. So we ought to redefine the generational compact to lighten the burden of an aging population on workers. The needed steps are clear: to acknowledge longer life expectancies by slowly raising eligibility ages for Social Security and Medicare; to limit future spending by curbing retirement benefits for the better-off; to keep people in the productive economy longer by encouraging jobs that mix work” and retirement.What does the last sentence of the first paragraph probably imply? A. Young people save from their salaries now to pay for retirement later.B. The next generation of workers pay for the pensions of current workers.C. Some property is given as a security for payment of money borrowed.D. Workers will receive future compensation for a current salary reduction.正确答案：B,