高二选修 UnitUnder the sea语法讲解

高二选修 Unit Under the sea语法讲解语态语态时态时态 主动形式主动形式 被动形式被动形式一般式一般式完成式完成式(not) doing(not) being done(not)having done(not)having been done第1页/共52页二: V-ing 可作主语、宾语、表语; 定语、状语和宾语补足语，但不能单独作谓语。 V-ing 形式表示的动作与主要动词同时发生或发生在主要动词之后，用其一般式; V-ing 形式表示的动作在主要动词之前发生，用其完成时，在具体应用中也常以一般式代替完成式。第2页/共52页V-ing 的用法： 1.1.作主语 Swimming is good for health. _ (raise) your hat to a a lady is good manners . 对一位女士脱帽致敬是礼貌的。 _ (kill) by sharks in the sea is a common thing .RaisingBeing killed 第3页/共52页 2. 作表语 Teaching is learning. 教学相长 My hobby is _ (make) model planes. What worried the child most was _ (not, allow) to visit his mother in the hospital .makingnot being allowed第4页/共52页注意：动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。如：Playing with fire is dangerous. （泛指玩火）To play with fire will be dangerous.（指一具体动作）第5页/共52页 2). V-ing形式和不定式都要有对称性;当主语是不定式时，表语也用不定式；反之，当主语是 V-ing 形式时，表语也用 V-ing 形式。 To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing.注意第6页/共52页 3). Its no use (good) doing sth Its a waste of time doing sth it 作形式主语, 只用V-ing,不用不定式。 It is + adj. + (for sb ) to do sth It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 It is a waste of time _ (talk) to him . It is important for me _ (learn) English .talking to learn 第7页/共52页1._ the exam will disappoint your parents. A. You failing B. Your failing C. You fail D. You to fail. 2. _ the same mistake again made his parents very angry. A. His being made B. He has made C. He had making D. His making 3. I dont think its much good _ to him. A. writing B. to write C. write D. written 4. Such books are not worthy _ at all. A. of being read B. being read C. reading D. to read 5.It is no use _ without through _. A. to read; understood B. reading; understanding C. to read; understand D. read; to understandExercises第8页/共52页 3.3.作宾语 V-ing 形式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语。 We would appreciate hearing from you 我们会珍惜你的来信。 The bird escaped _ (catch) . I feel like _ (join) the army. He was afraid of _ (abandon) by us.being abandonedbeing caught joining 第9页/共52页注意： 在 avoid, admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on , instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on等后只接V-ing形式作宾语。第10页/共52页Exercises1.The thief entered the room without _. A. noticing B. being noticed C. having noticed D. having been noticed2. Besides _, she is kind and tender.A. beautiful B. being beautiful C. she beautiful D. is beautiful3. When he heard the big noise, Tom stopped _ and _ to the window to see what was happening. A. to read; went B. reading; to go C. reading; going D. reading; went 4.I am busy _ for the entrance examination, so I cant help _ housework at home. A. preparing; doing B. preparing; to do C. to prepare; doing D. to prepare; to do第11页/共52页注意在want，need，require，deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。Your car needs filling. 你这车要充气了。This city deserves visiting. 这座城市值得光顾一下。The problem requires studying carefully .这个问题需要认真研究。The trees want watering .这些树需要浇水了。第12页/共52页在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。His suggestion is worth considering.The book is worth reading.在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke. 第13页/共52页1.Sorry, we dont allow _ in the lecture room. A. to smoke B. smoke C. smoking D. to smoking2. . They dont permit _ noise her. A. to make B. make C. making D. made3. The sentence wants _ once more. A. to explain B. explaining C. being explained D. to be explained it4. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch Exercises第14页/共52页5. Ali said that she wouldnt mind _ alone at home. A. leftB. being left C. to be leftD. leaving6. She _ the key. A. admitted takingB. admitted taking C. admitted having taken D. admitted to have taken7. Did you enjoy yourself last night? Its very nice of you. I appreciated _ to the party. A. to be invited B. to have invited C. being invited D. having been invited8. While were developing agriculture and industry, we must prevent the earth _. A. from polluting B. polluted C. pollutingD. being polluted第15页/共52页 4. 作定语作定语 The girl standing there is my sister .This is a piece of _ (surprise) news .The problem_ (discuss) now is very important. The farmers _ (work) in the fields are tired .surprising being discussed working第16页/共52页5. 作状语作状语 Hearing the good news , he jumped with joy . He sat at the table , _ ( read ) China Daily ._ (ask) to answer the question, she couldnt refuse._ ( work ) hard , you will succeed .readingWorkingBeing asked 第17页/共52页6. 作宾语补足语: I saw people coming and going in the street . I heard her _ (sing) a song in her room. Youll find the topic _ (discuss) everywhere now. being discussedsinging第18页/共52页7.- Ving 一般时一般时和和一般时的被动形式一般时的被动形式;1) He hurried home , looking behind from time to time . 2) The building being repaired is our dormitory . 第19页/共52页- Ving 的完成时和完成时的被动形式1) Having lit a candle , she went out.2) Having been asked to stay , I couldnt leave .3) Having heard this , our teacher expressed her satisfaction .第20页/共52页 8. 在绝大数情况下，的逻辑主语是句子的主语，但有时前可有一个名词或代词表示视神经逻辑上的主语，这种带逻辑主语的称为独立结构。 The meeting being over, we all left the room and drove home. 会议结束后，我们都离开房间开车走了。It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。第21页/共52页 9. 有少数并不表示句子主语的动作，而是表示说话人的态度。 Generally speaking, the novel is not very inspiring. 总的来说，这部小说并不感人。 Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed. 从你说的情况看，他应能成功。第22页/共52页Practice1. - What made Bill so angry? - _. His girl friend promised to come at 8:30, but she hasnt come yet. A. Having kept waiting B. Being kept waiting C. To be kept waiting D. Being kept waitedB第23页/共52页 2. The building _ in our school is for us teachers. Though theres noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it. A. built B. having been built C. to be built D. being builtD第24页/共52页 3. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catchC第25页/共52页 4. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to persuaded B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded C第26页/共52页 5. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercises. A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching B第27页/共52页 6. _ the whole story, Jane decided not to see the film. A. Having been told B. Having told C. Been told D. Telling A第28页/共52页Fill in the blanks :1._ (turn) to the right , you will find the place you want .2. _ (ask) to put on performance , she refused .3. _ (finish) his work , Henry went home .4. _ (learn) new words is useful.TurningBeing asked Having finished Learning第29页/共52页5. He disliked _ (interrupt) in his experiment .6. I apologize for _ (not, wait) for you .7. _ (not, receive) an answer , I wrote to him again .8. _ (give) such a good chance , you should catch it .being interrupted not having waited Not having received Having been given第30页/共52页9. I didnt mind _ (leave) at home .10. The house wants _ (clean).11. He came in without _ (ask).12. _ (show) around the library , we were taken to see the lab.being leftcleaningbeing askedHaving been shown第31页/共52页巩固练习： 1. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailedC第32页/共52页 2. The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot_ A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it offC第33页/共52页 3. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling C第34页/共52页 4. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A. To take B. take C. taking D. to be takingC第35页/共52页 5. I must apologize for _ ahead of time. That all right. A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know B第36页/共52页 6. You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having doneD第37页/共52页 7. He has always insisted on his _ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner. A. been called B. called C. having called D. being calledD第38页/共52页8. Do you mind _ alone at home? A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left C. Janes being left D. Jane to be leftC第39页/共52页 9. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden. A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking inD第40页/共52页 10. Once your business becomes international, _ constantly will be part of your life. A. you fly B. your flight C. flight D. flyingD第41页/共52页 12. What do you think made Mary so upset? _ her new bicycle. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losingC第42页/共52页 13. Let me tell you something about the journalists. Dont you remember _the story yesterday? A. told B. telling C. to tell D. to have toldB第43页/共52页14. One learns a language by making mistakes and _them. A. correct B. Correcting C. corrects D. to correctB第44页/共52页 15. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _. A. hed like to collect coin as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasureD第45页/共52页巩固练习: : 16. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparingB第46页/共52页 17. _ your homework, you mustnt listen to music. A. When do B. When to do C. When doing D. When you doingC第47页/共52页 18. The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. addedC第48页/共52页 19. _ the idiom, he looked it up in the dictionary. A. Not learning B. Never having learned C. Having not learned D. Having never learnedB第49页/共52页 20. It rained heavily, _ severe flooding in the country. A. causing B. to cause C. caused D. having caused 21. Any driver _ a license ought to be punished. A. doesnt have B. having not C. has not D. not havingAD第50页/共52页22. The missing boys were last seen _ playing on the playground. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play A23. _ to put on a performance, Miss Green couldnt refuse very well. A. Being asked B. Asked C. Ask D. To be asked A第51页/共52页