高中语法定语从句讲解

会计学1高中语法定语从句讲解高中语法定语从句讲解What is an attributive clause?(何为定语从句？何为定语从句？)在主从复合句中，用于在主从复合句中，用于充当主句的定语成分充当主句的定语成分(用用于修饰某名词于修饰某名词,代词或名词短语代词或名词短语)的从句，称为定的从句，称为定语从句语从句(形容词性从句形容词性从句)。There is a cake that is huge.This is the part of me that is real.第1页/共86页Justin Bieber is a famous singer who sings the song As long as you love me in the album of Believe.第2页/共86页第3页/共86页第4页/共86页谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。真正的友谊犹如健康的身体真正的友谊犹如健康的身体, 失去时失去时方知其可贵。方知其可贵。ProverbsFriendship is like health, the value of which is seldom known until it is lost.He who laughs last laughs best.第5页/共86页定语从句的结构定语从句的结构e.g. Justin Bieber is a famous singer who sings the song Baby. 先行词（可放入从先行词（可放入从句中充当一定成分句中充当一定成分）定语从句（在先行词后定语从句（在先行词后；从句中常缺成分）；从句中常缺成分）Do you know the man?He spoke just now. Do you know the man who spoke just now?关系词（引导定从；代关系词（引导定从；代替先行词；在从句中作替先行词；在从句中作一定成分）一定成分）第6页/共86页I showed him the letter.I received it this morning. I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning.第7页/共86页引导定语从句的关联词有：引导定语从句的关联词有：关系代词：关系代词： that, which, who, whom, whose, 关系副词：关系副词：when, where, why关系词的选择与关系词的选择与先行词的意思先行词的意思，及，及先行先行词在从句中充当的句子成分词在从句中充当的句子成分决定。决定。第8页/共86页引导定语从句的关系代词引导定语从句的关系代词that 即指人又指物即指人又指物, 在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作主语或宾语。which 指物指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。在从句中作主语或宾语。who, whom 指人指人, who在从句中作主语或宾在从句中作主语或宾语语, whom作宾语。作宾语。whose既指人又指物既指人又指物,在从句中作定语在从句中作定语, 表表“某某的某某的”。that, which, whom, who在定语从句中作在定语从句中作宾宾语语时时, 可省去。可省去。(动词动词+宾语；介词宾语；介词+宾语宾语)介词介词+关系词关系词时，指物只能用时，指物只能用which, 指人指人只能用只能用whom第9页/共86页whom 指人指人, 在从句中作宾语，可省略。在从句中作宾语，可省略。e.g. Do you know the man (whom) we saw at the Beijing Hotel?The girl is from America.I called her just now. The girl (whom) I called just now is from America.第10页/共86页 1. that 在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物。在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物。 1) A plane is a machine that can fly. 2) The noodles that I cooked were delicious. 3) Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.4) The girl that we saw yesterday is Jims sister.(主语主语)(宾语宾语)(主语主语)(宾语宾语)定语从句三要素：先行词，关系词，先行词定语从句三要素：先行词，关系词，先行词/关系词关系词 在从句中充当的句子成分。在从句中充当的句子成分。哪几个哪几个that可省略？可省略？3、4句还可用什么关系词？句还可用什么关系词？第11页/共86页2. Which 在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。1) They planted the trees which didnt need much water. 2) The fish which we bought were not fresh. 3. who, whom 在从句中分别作主语和在从句中分别作主语和宾语宾语 (口语中口语中who也可作宾语也可作宾语)。 The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada. (主语主语)(宾语宾语)(主语主语)第12页/共86页2) The boy who broke the window is called Michael. 3) The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. =The person whom/who you just talked to is Mr. Li.4) Mr. Read is the professor to whom you should write. (主语主语)(宾语宾语)（宾（宾语语)第13页/共86页4. whose 在从句中作定语，指人或物。在从句中作定语，指人或物。1) Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week. 2) This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of. This is the boy. The teacher talked of his composition. 3) This is the book whose cover is blue.第14页/共86页3. The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake. Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, which or whose.1. The earthquake _ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2. We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in 1906 earthquake.that/which that/who which/that 第15页/共86页 5. Harry is the boy _ mother is our maths teacher.whose4. The person to_ you just talked is Mr. Li.whom第16页/共86页第17页/共86页through the centre of the city brings us lots of pleasure.第18页/共86页 that和和which在指物的情况下一般在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用用that而不用而不用which。I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.(1)先行词本身为先行词本身为everything, nothing, something, anything, little, few, much, all, none, some 等不定代词时。等不定代词时。Note 第19页/共86页This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.(3) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4) 先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。修饰时。Ive read all the books that are not mine. (2) 先行词被先行词被all, every, any, no, some, few, little, much等修饰时。等修饰时。第20页/共86页第21页/共86页The boss whose company my father worked in is a very kind person.1. 关系代词关系代词whose还可以在从句中还可以在从句中 与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语。与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语。Note The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person.第22页/共86页2. 关系代词在从句中作表语时关系代词在从句中作表语时, 用用that, 不用不用who。She is not the girl that she used to be.Note 第23页/共86页Complete the following sentences with that, which, who or whose. Then translate them into Chinese orally. 1. Here are my neighbours _home was destroyed by earthquake. 2. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people _were asleep. 3. The next day people put up shelters in the open air made with anything _ they could find. whosethat/who(that)第24页/共86页4. Several days later most of the buildings _had been damaged were repaired.5. This frightened boy _ mother were lost in the disaster is looking for her now.6. We went to see our teacher_ husband lost his life in the earthquake.7. “Is this the young man _ saved several people trapped under buildings?” she asked.8. A number of children _parents had died in the quake were sent to live with families in the other cities.that/whichwhosewhosewhosewho/that第25页/共86页第26页/共86页第27页/共86页表同种类的事物表同种类的事物表同一件事物表同一件事物第28页/共86页第29页/共86页第30页/共86页where第31页/共86页The school is near a park. My son studies in this school. The school where my son studies is near a park.= The school in which my son studies is near a park.关系副词关系副词where第32页/共86页We visited the house. LuXun once lived in the house. We visited the house where LuXun once lived.= We visited the house in which Lusun once lived.where引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词，引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词，并在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于并在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“in/at/on+which”。第33页/共86页关系副词关系副词when第34页/共86页Ill never forget the day. I joined the league on that day.Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.Ill never forget the day on which I joined the league.when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词，并在引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词，并在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“in/at/on/during +which”。第35页/共86页There are many reasons. People like traveling for these reasons. There are many reasons why people like traveling. There are many reasons for which people like traveling. 关系副词关系副词whywhy引导的定语从句修饰表示原因的名词，并引导的定语从句修饰表示原因的名词，并在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“for+which”。第36页/共86页第37页/共86页“when” means “at that time”, “where” means “at that place”, “why” is used after the word “reason”. 第38页/共86页第39页/共86页a. This is the place where he works. This is the place ( which/that) we visited last year.b. That was the time when he arrived. Do you still remember the time ( that/ which) we spent together?第40页/共86页c. This is the reason why/for which he went. The reason that (which) he gave us was quite reasonable.第41页/共86页ExerciseB D 第42页/共86页3. I shall never forget those years _ I live in the farm _ you visited last week. A. when; where B. which; which C. when; which D. which; where4. Do you know the reason _ he was late? A. for which B. for what C. which D. thatC A 第43页/共86页A C 第44页/共86页第45页/共86页第46页/共86页第47页/共86页第48页/共86页occasion(时机，场合时机，场合)作为先行词作为先行词时，关系副词选择时，关系副词选择whenSocial parties are the occasions when people can develop their interpersonal relationship. 第49页/共86页第50页/共86页第51页/共86页第52页/共86页who/that/whomwhomwhich/thatwhichComplete the following sentences using attributive clauses.第53页/共86页with whichthat / whichwhich / thatwhose第54页/共86页to whomwhichwhere/on whichwho / that第55页/共86页who / thatwhere / in whichwhosewhich / that第56页/共86页1. Ill never forget the days _ we worked together.2. Ill never forget the days _ _ we spent together.3. I went to the place _ I worked ten years ago.when / in whichwhichwhere / in which几种易混的情况几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词第57页/共86页4. I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.5. This is the reason _ he was late. 6. This is the reason _ _ he gave. whichwhy / for whichthat / which及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词第58页/共86页真题解析真题解析第59页/共86页第60页/共86页第61页/共86页第62页/共86页ExerciseB D 第63页/共86页3. I shall never forget those years _ I live in the farm _ you visited last week. A. when; where B. which; which C. when; which D. which; where4. Do you know the reason _ he was late? A. for which B. for what C. which D. thatC A 第64页/共86页A C 第65页/共86页C D 第66页/共86页9. I should like to use the same TV set _ is used in your classroom. A. which B. who C. as D. whose10. The Second World War _ millions of people were killed ended in 1945. A. on whichB. where C. in thatD. during whichC D 第67页/共86页C D 第68页/共86页C A 第69页/共86页15. Can you tell me the name of the factory _ you visited last week? A. what B. where C. / D. when16. I can still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening. A. what B. which C. that D. whereC D For more exercises, click here.第70页/共86页A 第71页/共86页C 第72页/共86页A 第73页/共86页4. I was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed. (2006 浙江浙江) A. of that B. of which C. that D. whichB 第74页/共86页D 第75页/共86页A 第76页/共86页D 第77页/共86页B 第78页/共86页DD第79页/共86页11. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose. (2007 重庆重庆) A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which12. Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _ we worked. (2007 山东山东) A. that B. there C. which D. where BD第80页/共86页13. Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected. A. When B. which C. whose D. where 【2013北京北京】【答案答案】D【解析解析】考查定语从句。定语从句中不缺考查定语从句。定语从句中不缺少主干成分，故使用关系副词；先行词指少主干成分，故使用关系副词；先行词指地点，故选地点，故选where。第81页/共86页14. He wrote a letter _ he explains what had happened in the accident.A. whatB. which C. whereD. how 【2013江西江西】【答案答案】C【解析解析】考查定语从句。先判断从句类型为考查定语从句。先判断从句类型为定语从句，定语从句中谓语定语从句，定语从句中谓语explain后接后接what引导的宾语从句作宾语，因此不缺少主干成引导的宾语从句作宾语，因此不缺少主干成分，排除分，排除B项，答案为项，答案为C。第82页/共86页15. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live.A. what B. which C. when D. where 【2013四川四川】【答案答案】D【解析解析】考查定语从句。此处先判断从句类考查定语从句。此处先判断从句类型为定语从句，先行词为型为定语从句，先行词为the environment，定语从句中定语从句中live为不及物动词，因此不缺少为不及物动词，因此不缺少主干成分，应填关系副词；且主干成分，应填关系副词；且environment指地点，故用指地点，故用where，相当于，相当于in which。第83页/共86页16. The children, _ had played the whole day long, were worn out.A. all of what B. all of which C. all of them D. all of whom 【2013浙江浙江】【答案答案】D【解析解析】考查定语从句。先判断为定语考查定语从句。先判断为定语从句，先行词为从句，先行词为children，故答案为，故答案为D。第84页/共86页17. The museum will open in the spring with anexhibition and a viewing platform _visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.A. what B. where C. when D. why 【2013浙江浙江】【答案答案】B【解析解析】考查定语从句。定语从句中不缺考查定语从句。定语从句中不缺少主干成分，且先行词少主干成分，且先行词platform指地点，指地点，故用故用where。For more exercises, click here.第85页/共86页