2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前模拟强化练习题64（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题Put the following two passages into English.自新中国成立以来，南京发生的巨大而深刻的变化令人欢欣鼓舞。从1949年4 月23日开始，人民真正成为这座古老城市的主人。人民在自己的土地上辛勤劳作， 把古城南京装扮得面貌一新，特别是近十几年，改革开放又给这座美丽的名城注入了新的活力，崭新的工作、通达的运输、如画的城市建设、兴盛的第三产业、多彩的文化生活，都使这个具有古都特色的现代化城市焕发出勃勃英姿。南京，这座古老而又年轻的历史文化名城，是多么可爱！“儿时”的可爱是“无知”。那时侯，件件都是“知”，你每天可以做大科学家 和大哲学家，每天在发现什么新的现象，新的真理。现在呢？什么都已经知道了， 熟悉了，每个人的脸都已经看厌了。宇宙和社会是那么陈旧，无味，虽然它们其实比“儿时”新鲜得多了。我于是想念“儿时”，祷告“儿时 不能够前进的吋候， 就愿意退后几步,替自己恢复己经走过的前途。请求“无知”回来，给我求知的快乐。【答案】Great and profound changes have taken place in Nanjing since the foundation of New China. The common people have become the genuine masters of this old city since April 23, 1949. The people of Nanjing who have been working hard on their own land have given this age-old city a new appearance. Especially for the past ten years or more, Chinas reform and opening-up policy has brought more fresh vigor to this beautiful and famous city. New jobs, efficient transportation networks extending in all directions, picturesque city construction, prosperous tertiary industries and various and colorful cultural lives, have added charm and vitality to this modern city which retains somehow the features of an ancient capital. How lovely Nanjinga historic and cultural city which is old and young is!The childhoods loveliness is ignorant. During that period, everything was new to us, and every day we could be a great scientist or philosopher; each day we discovered new phenomena and new truths. How about now? Now everything is familiar to us, but were tired of looking at everybodys face. The universe and society are so old and tasteless, although they are much fresher than childhood. Then I miss my childhood and pray for it. When we cannot advance any more, we like to take a few steps back to restore the future we have passed. We ask for the return of “childish ignorance” to let us re-experience the joy of knowledge-seeking.2. 单选题The biggest problem facing Chile as it promotes itself as a tourist destination to be reckoned with, is that it is at the end of the earth. It is too far south to be a convenient stop on the way to anywhere else and is much farther than a relatively cheap half-day flight away from the big tourist markets, unlike Mexico, for example. Chile, therefore, is fighting hard to attract tourists, to convince travelers that it is worth coming halfway round the world to visit. It is succeeding in existing markets like the USA and Western Europe but not in new territories, in particular the Far East. Markets closer to home, however, are not being forgotten. More than 50% of visitors to Chile still come from its nearest neighbor, Argentina, where the cost of living is much higher.Like all South American countries, Chile sees tourism as a valuable earner of foreign currency, although it has been far more serious than most in promoting its image abroad. Relatively stable politically within the region, it has benefited from the problems suffered in other areas. In Peru, guerrilla warfare in recent years has dealt a heavy blow to the tourist industry and fear of street crime in Brazil has reduced the attraction of Rio de Janeiro as a dream destination for foreigners. More than 150,000 people are directly involved in Chiles tourist sector, an industry which earns the country more than US $950 million each year. The state-run National Tourism Service, in partnership with a number of private companies, is currently running a worldwide campaign, taking part in trade fairs and international events to attract visitors to Chile. Chiles great strength as a tourist destination is its geographical diversity. From the parched Atacama Desert in the north to the Antarctic snowfields of the south, it is more than 5,000km long. With the Pacific on one side and the Andean mountains on the other, Chile boasts natural attractions. Its beaches are not up to Caribbean standards but resorts such as Vina del Mar arc generally clean and unspoilt and have a high standard of services. But the trump card is the Andes mountain range.There are a number of excellent ski resorts within one hours drive of the capital, Santiago, and the national parks in the south are home to rare animal and plant species. The parks already attract specialist, visitors, including mountaineers, who come to climb the technically difficult peaks, and fishermen, lured by the salmon and trout in the regions rivers. However, infrastructural development in these areas is limited. The ski resorts do not have as many lifts as their European counterparts and part poor quality of roads in the south means that only the most determined travelers see the best of the national parks. Air links between Chile and the rest of the world are, at present, relatively poor. While Chiles two largest airlines have extensive networks within South America, they operate only a small number of routes to the US and Europe while services to Asia are almost non-existent. Internal transport links are being improved and luxury hotels are being built in one of its national parks. Nor is development being restricted to the Andes. Easter Island and Chiles Antarctic Territory are also on the list of areas where the Government believes it can create tourist markets. But the rush to open hitherto inaccessible areas to mass tourism is not being welcomed by everyone. Indigenous and environmental groups, including Green peace, say that many parts of the Andes will suffer if they become over-developed.There is a genuine fear that areas of Chile will suffer the cultural destruction witnessed in Mexico and European resorts. The policy of opening up Antarctica to tourism is also politically sensitive. Chile already has permanent settlements on the ice and many people see the decision to allow tourists there as a political move, enhancing Santiagos territorial claim over part of Antarctica. The Chilean Government has promised to respect the environment as it seeks to bring tourism potential. The Government will have to monitor developments closely if it is genuinely concerned in creating a balanced, controlled industry and if the price of an increasingly lucrative tourist market is not going to mean the loss of many of Chiles natural riches.1.Chile is disadvantaged in the promotion of its tourism by（ ） .2.More than half of Chiles tourists come from（ ） .3.According to the author, Chiles greatest attraction is（ ） .4.According to the passage, in WHICH area improvement is already under way?5.According to the article, in Chile, the services of airlines to Asia are（ ） .问题1选项A.geographical locationB.guerrilla warfareC.political instabilityD.street crime问题2选项A.USAB.the Far EastC.western EuropeD.Argentina问题3选项A.the unspoilt beachesB.the dry and hot desertC.the famous mountain rangeD.the high standard of services问题4选项A.Facilities in the ski resorts.B.Domestic transport system.C.Air services to Asia.D.Road network in the south.问题5选项A.only a small number of routesB.almost non-existentC.as many as in EuropeD.the largest amount【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“智利在推销旅游业时不足之处是”。文章第一段提到“智利在推销自己是一个好的旅游去处所面对的困难是因为它处在地球的最边缘”（The biggest problem facing Chile as it promotes itself as a tourist destination to be reckoned with, is that it is at the end of the earth），由此可知是因为它的地理位置导致旅游业发展不好，选项A符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“智利一半以上的游客来自哪里”。文章第一段最后一句提到超过50%的游客来自阿根廷（More than 50% of visitors to Chile still come from its nearest neighbor, Argentina, where the cost of living is much higher），选项D符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，智利最大的景点是”。文章第二段最后一句提到王牌是安第斯山脉（But the trump card is the Andes mountain range），选项C符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，哪方面的改革已经在进行”。文章第三段提到“国内的交通正在改善，豪华酒店正在其中一个国家公园内兴建”（Internal transport links are being improved and luxury hotels are being built in one of its national parks），由此可知，正在进行改革的是国内的交通系统，选项B符合题意。5.细节事实题。题目问的是“从文章中可得知，智利通往亚洲的航线服务”。文章第三段提到飞往亚洲的航线几乎不存在（While Chiles two largest airlines have extensive networks within South America, they operate only a small number of routes to the US and Europe while services to Asia are almost non-existent），因此选项B符合题意。3. 翻译题Put the following two passages into Chinese.It is simple enough to say that since books have fiction, biography, poetrywe should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconception when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author, try to become him. Be his fellow worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize as first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. Bu if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints, from the twist and turn of the fist sentences, will bring you into the presence of human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite.Let me come to the point boldly; what governs the Englishman is his inner atmosphere, the weather in his soul. It is nothing spiritual or mysterious. When , in his garden or by his fire，he sprawls in an aggressively comfortable chair; when he is choosing his clothes or his professionnever is it a precise reason, or purpose, or outer fact that determines him; it is always the atmosphere of his inner man.【答案】既然书有小说、传记、诗歌之分，我们就应该把它们分类，从中吸收它们应该给予的知识。这说起来很容易。然而很少有人要求书本应该给予的知识。我们总是囫囵吞枣般去看书，要求小说必须真实，要求诗歌必须虚构，要求传记谄媚，要求历史书能加强自己的偏见。如果我们读书之前能抛开这些偏见，将会是一个好的开始。不要去强加你的想法给作者，而是要去理解他，成为他的伙伴。如果你将自己置身事外，并且从一开始就批判他，你就无法从书中获得最大的价值。但是如果你敞开心扉，那么书中精细入微的寓言和暗示便会让你从开头那些晦涩的句子中绕出来，把你带到一个独特的人物面前。把自己沉浸在里面去钻研，你很快会发现，作者正向你阐述的或者是试图向你阐述的东西是一些比原来要明确得多的东西。让我直接切入正题：支配英国人的是他内心的情调，灵魂深处的气象。它既不是精神上的，也不神秘。在花园中或者壁炉旁，他会伸展四肢躺在一张舒服的椅子上；当挑选衣服或者职业时，并不是有明确的理由、目的，或者外部条件来制约他的决定，仅仅取决于他内在的情调。4. 单选题Everybody gets sick. Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our lives until finally sonic attack on the body brings our existence to an end. Fortunately, most of us in modern industrialized societies can take relatively good health for granted most of the time. In fact, we tend to fully realize the importance of good health only when we or those close to us become seriously ill. At such times we keenly appreciate the ancient truth that health is our most precious asset, one for which we might readily give up such rewards as power, wealth, or fame.Because ill health is universal problem, affecting both the individual and society, the human response to sickness is always socially organized. No society leaves the responsibility for maintaining health and treating ill health entirely to the individual. Each society develops its own concepts of health and sickness and authorizes certain people to decide who is sick and how the sick should be treated. Around this focus there arises, over time, a number of standards, values, groups, statuses, and roles: in other words, an institution. To the sociologist, then, medicine is the institution concerned with the maintenance of health and treatment of disease.In the simplest pre-industrial societies, medicine is usually an aspect of religion. The social arrangements for dealing with sickness arc very elementary, often involving only two roles: the sick and the healer. The latter is typically also the priest, who relies primarily on religious ceremonies, both to identify and to treat disease: for example, bones may be thrown to establish a cause, songs may be used to bring about a cure. In modem industrialized societies, on the other hand, the institution has become highly complicated and specialized, including dozens of roles such as those of brain surgeon, druggist, and hospital administrator, linked with various organizations such as nursing homes, insurance companies, and medical schools. Medicine, in fact, has become the subject of intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of the most pervasive and costly institutions of modern society.1.Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph I?2.The word “authorize” in Paragraph 2 means “（ ）.3.In Paragraph 2, we learn that the sociologist regards medicine as（ ）.4.According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT true?5.The author of this passage is mainly concerned with（ ）.问题1选项A.Nowadays most people believe they can have fairly good health.B.Human life involves a great deal of pain and suffering.C.Most of us are aware of the full value of health.D.Ancient people believed that health was more expensive than anything else.问题2选项A.make way forB.give power toC.write an order forD.make it possible for问题3选项A.a system whose purpose is to treat disease and keep people healthyB.a universal problem that affects every societyC.a social responsibility to treat ill healthD.a science that focuses on the treatment of disease问题4选项A.In the past, bones might be used to decide why people fell ill.B.in pre-industrial societies priests sometimes treated patients by singing.C.Modem medicine is so complicated that sociology no longer has a place in it.D.There were only two roles in an elementary medical system, the patient and the one who tried to cure him.问题5选项A.sociological aspects in medicineB.medical treatment of diseasesC.the development of medical scienceD.the role of religion in medicine【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据第一段，下列哪个描述是正确的”。文章第一段提到“疾病和受伤让我们痛苦一生，直到对身体的一些攻击能让我们死去”（Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our lives until finally sonic attack on the body brings our existence to an end），选项B“人生有许多痛苦和磨难”符合题意。2.词义题。题目问的是“第二段中的authorize的意思是”。文章第二段提到某些人去决定谁生了病，以及决定这些病人被怎样处理（authorizes certain people to decide who is sick and how the sick should be treated），选项B“给以权力”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“在第二段中，我们可以得知社会学家将药品作为”。文章第二段的最后一句“对于社会学家来说，医学是关于维持健康和治疗疾病的一种制度”（To the sociologist, then, medicine is the institution concerned with the maintenance of health and treatment of disease），选项A“一种以治疗疾病和维持人体健康为目的的体系”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据第三段，下列不正确的是”。文章第三段提到“正因为医学现在是最普遍的、花费多的现代社会机构之一，所以它已经成为社会学家最感兴趣的主题”（Medicine, in fact, has become the subject of intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of the most pervasive and costly institutions of modern society），所以选项C“现代医学如此复杂，以至于社会学在其中不再有任何位置”与描述不符合，所以是答案。5.主旨大意题。题目问的是“这篇文章作者关心的是”。文章第三段提到“正因为医学现在是最普遍的、花费多的现代社会机构之一，所以它已经成为社会学家最感兴趣的主题”（Medicine, in fact, has become the subject of intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of the most pervasive and costly institutions of modern society），选项A“医学的社会学方面”符合题意。5. 单选题During the 1992 presidential campaign a new media star emerged-Virginia Kelley, the mother of candidate Clinton, who died of breast cancer this past January. It was she who created the Clinton lore; throughout the campaign she told how 14-year-old Bill had stood up to his drunken, abusive stepfather one night to protect Virginia and his little brother. She also told with great effective how young Clinton had come back home with stars in his eyes after meeting JFK at Boys Nation in Washington. She knew then, she said, that he would go into public service. She also created her own lore-four husbands, an up-and-down nursing career, and her passion for makeup (she even wore it to bed in case she got a call from the hospital in the middle of the night). She simply won the public over with her candor and lack of pretense.Now these oft-told are told again in Leading With My Heart, by Virginia Kelley with James Morgan.Not surprisingly, the stories feel familiar here, especially since the book arrives just a few months after a batter of obituaries of Mrs. Kelley. But the book has another problem: as is often the case with co-written memoirs, it feels inauthentic. Written in a prosaic, colorless style, this doesnt sound the way we imagine Mrs. Kelley talked. There are no Southern locutions, and the grammar is impeccable. Where are the spicy stories or the occasional “damn” or “hell”？Coke-bottle glasses: Anyone approaching this celebrity book with an eye for gossip will also be disappointed. What feels fresh, though, is Mrs. Kelleys descriptions of her shock at meeting Hillary Rodham when Bill brought her home from Yale Law School. The young woman wore Coke-bottle Glasses, no makeup and had perfectly hair-nothing like the Dixie beauty queens that Clinton usually dated. She was also a blunt Yankee, and not adept at Southern blarney. “There was almost a kind of cultural tension between Mother and Hillary.” said Clinton. “I guess thats as good a way to put it as any.” replies his mother. But there was no going back: “I want you to pray for me. Pray that its I Hilary. Because Ill tell you this: for me its Hillary or its nobody,” he told his unhappy mother. “I couldnt stand it，” she writes. “Here was this woman 1 didnt understand, didnt feel comfortable with. And she was all he wanted.”Theres a lot thats moving about Mrs. Kelleys story, partly because of the way she handles her final illness. “You cant tell my sons about my condition,” she tells her shocked doctor. She may have had a disaffected mother and a parade of mostly bad marriages. But in the last year of her life, she also had a memory granted to few parents-the thrill of attending her sons Inauguration and the gala that night. “What a night it had been” she wrote. -a magical evening.”1.Virginia Kelly might be best characterized as（ ）.2.Virginia Kelly believed her son was motivated to go into public service by his （ ）.3.The “book arrives just a few months after a battery of obituaries The underlined words suggest that-Kelleys death was（ ）.4.According to the reviewer, the style of Leading With My Hear is（ ）.5.Hillary differed from Clintons former dates primarily in（ ）.问题1选项A.genuineB.moroseC.pitiableD.elitist问题2选项A.difficult childhoodB.meeting with President KennedyC.law studies at YaleD.desire to change the world问题3选项A.honored with artillery fireB.mourned nationwideC.marked by numerous death noticesD.ignored by the press问题4选项A.vivid and interestingB.refined but southernC.monotonous and blandD.earthy but incredible问题5选项A.being educated as a lawyerB.wearing stylish glassesC.being indifferent to her appearanceD.being a direct northerner【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“Virginia Kelley的性格能被最好地定义为”。文章第一段最后一句提到“她的坦率和不装腔作势赢得了大众的信任”（She simply won the public over with her candor and lack of pretense），因此选项A“真诚的”符合题意。2.推理判断题。题目问的是“Kelley认为她的儿子是受他的激励而加入公共事务”。文章第一段第二至第四句提到了克林顿勇敢面对他醉酒并虐待他们的继父，Kelley在认识克林顿之后认为他会从事公共事务（She knew then, she said, that he would go into public service），由此可推测克林顿是想改变世界，因此选项D符合题意。3.推理判断题。题目问的是“这里划线的句子（书是在她的一连串的讣告登出几个月之后才出版的）暗示凯丽夫人的逝世”。由这里的“book arrives just a few months”（几个月后），说明出版社忽视了凯丽夫人的死。选项D符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“评论员认为Leading With My Hear的风格是”。文章第二段第三句提到“但是这本书有个问题：由于是合著回忆录，所以感觉不真实”（But the book has another problem: as is often the case with co-written memoirs, it feels inauthentic），因此选项D“朴实但不可信”符合题意。5.推理判断题。题目问的是“希拉里跟克林顿先前的约会对象的主要区别在于”。文章第三段提到“这位年轻女士戴着可乐瓶眼睛，没有化妆，发型完美一点也不像克林顿经常约会的迪克西美女女王们”（The young woman wore Coke-bottle Glasses, no makeup and had perfectly hair-nothing like the Dixie beauty queens that Clinton usually dated），因此选项C“不注重外表”