2022年考博英语-苏州大学考前模拟强化练习题86（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-苏州大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Excellent films are those which （ ）_ national and cultural barriers.问题1选项A.transcendB.traverseC.abolishD.suppress【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。transcend “胜过，超越”； traverse “穿过，来回移动，反驳”；abolish “废除，废止”；suppress “抑制，镇压”。句意：优秀的电影是那些超越国家和文化障碍的电影。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题The hotel could not （ ） a party of thirty because almost all its rooms were booked.问题1选项A.contemplateB.compensateC.accommodateD.articulate【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。contemplate “沉思，注视”；compensate “补偿”；accommodate “容纳，使适应”；articulate “清晰表达，使相互连贯”。句意：这家旅馆不能容纳30人，因为几乎所有的房间都订满了。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题（ ）my wifes consistent encouragement I wouldnt have accomplished my graduate study.问题1选项A.But forB.But withC.Except forD.Except that【答案】A【解析】连词词义辨析。But for “要不是”；except for “除了，排除在外”，后接名词，动名词。Except that “排除在外”，后接句子。没有but with的结构，可排除。句意：要不是我妻子的一直以来的鼓励，我肯定不会完成研究生学习。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题The life story of the human species goes back a million years, and there is no doubt that man came only recently to the western hemisphere. None of the thousands of sites of aboriginal habitation uncovered in-Worth and South America has antiquity comparable to that of old World sites. Mans occupation of the New World may date several tens of thousands of years, but no one rationally argues that he has been here even 100,000 years.Speculation as to how man found his way to America was lively at the outset, and the proposed routes boxed the compass. With one or two notable exceptions, however, students of American anthropology soon settled for the plausible idea that the first immigrants came by way of a land bridge that had connected the northeast comer of Asia to the northwest comer of North America across the Bering Strait)Mariners were able to supply the reassuring information that the strait is not only narrow it is 56 miles wide - but also shallow, a lowering of the sea level there by 100 feet or so would transform the strait into an isthmus (地峡).With little eels in the way of evidence to sustain the Bering Strait land bridge, anthropologists embraced the idea that man walked dry-hoed from Asia to America.Toward the end of thy/last century, however, it became apparent that the Western Hemisphere was the New World not only for man but also for a host of animals and plants. Zoologists and botanists showed that numerous subjects of their respective kingdoms must have originated in Asia and spread to America. These findings were neither astonishing nor wholly unexpected. Such spread of populations is not to be envisioned as an exodus or mass migration, even in the case of animals. It is, rather, a spilling into new territory that accompanies increase in numbers, with movement in the direction of least population pressure and most favorable ecological conditions. But the immense traffic in plant and animals forms placed a heavy burden on the Bering Strait land bridge as the anthropologists ahead envisioned it. Whereas purposeful men could make their way across a narrow bridge, the slow diffusion of plant and animals would require an avenue as a continent and available for ages at a stretch.1.The movement of plants and animals from Asia to America indicates （ ）.2.The author is refuting the notion that （ ）.3.By using the words “boxed the compass” (in Line 7) the author implies that （ ）.4.One reason for the migration not mentioned by the author is （ ）.5.We may assume that in tile paragraph that follows this passage the author argues about （ ）.问题1选项A.that they could not have traveled across the Bering StraitB.that Asia and the Western hemisphere were connected by a large land massC.that the Bering Sea was an isthmus at one timeD.that migration was in the one direction only问题2选项A.life arose in America independently of life in EuropeB.the first settlers in America came during the sixteenth centuryC.a large continent once existed which has disappearedD.man was a host to animals and plants问题3选项A.the migration of mankind was from West to EastB.the migration of mankind was from East to WestC.mankind traveled in all directionsD.mankind walked from Asia to America问题4选项A.overcrowdingB.favorable environmental conditionsC.famineD.the existence of a land bridge问题5选项A.the contributions of anthropologistB.the contributions of zoologists and botanistsC.the contributions made by the American IndiansD.the existence of a large land mass between Asia and North America【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段， “the first immigrants came by way of a land bridge that had connected the northeast comer of Asia to the northwest comer of North America across the Bering Strait. Mariners were able to supply the reassuring information that the strait is not only narrow it is 56 miles wide - but also shallow, a lowering of the sea level there by 100 feet or so would transform the strait into an isthmus (地峡).”，可知第一批移民者通过一座桥连接亚洲东北角和穿过白令海峡的北美西北角的大陆桥来到美国，水手能够提供可靠的信息，不仅是狭窄的海峡56英里宽,但也浅，那里的海平面下降100英尺左右，就会把海峡变成地峡。可判断出动植物从亚洲到美洲的迁徙表明亚洲和西半球由一大片陆地连接起来。选项B符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，可知第一批移民者通过一座桥连接亚洲东北角和穿过白令海峡的北美西北角的大陆桥来到美国，亚洲和西半球由一大片陆地连接起来的，所以作者驳斥了曾经存在过的一个大陆已经消失了的观点。选项C符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段， “Speculation as to how man found his way to America was lively at the outset, and the proposed routes boxed the compass.”，可知关于人类是如何找到去美国的路的猜测一开始就很活跃，所提议的路线四通八达。下文提到第一批移民者通过一座桥连接亚洲东北角和穿过白令海峡的北美西北角的大陆桥来到美国，可判断出人类在四面八方旅行。选项C符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第三段， “a spilling into new territory that accompanies increase in numbers, with movement in the direction of least population pressure and most favorable ecological conditions.”，可知向人口压力最小、生态条件最有利的方向流动，并伴随着数量的增加而涌入新的领地。可判断出人口密度和环境都是作者提到的迁徙的原因。选项A和B可排除。根据文章第二段，可知第一批移民者通过一座桥连接亚洲东北角和穿过白令海峡的北美西北角的大陆桥来到美国，所以有大陆桥的存在，选项D可排除。饥荒在文中并未提及，选项C符合题意。5.推断题。文章主要提到了第一批移民是通过大陆桥到达美国的，说明了大陆桥的存在，大陆桥最后延伸成为一片大陆，证明亚洲和西半球是由一片大陆连接的。根据文章最后一句， “Whereas purposeful men could make their way across a narrow bridge, the slow diffusion of plant and animals would require an avenue as a continent and available for ages at a stretch.”，可知植物和动物的缓慢扩散和迁徙则需要一条作为大陆的大道，而且可以长时间使用。可判断出作者在下文可能为讨论到在亚洲和北美之间大陆的存在。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence because college will help them earn more money become “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who dont go.But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending those who dont fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each others experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Others find no stimulation in their studies and drop out-often encouraged by college administrators.Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselvesthey are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But thats a condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesnt explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. Weve been told that young people have to go to college because our economy cant absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.Some adventuresome educators and campus watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college doesnt make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn thingsmaybe its just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-leaning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.1.According to the author （ ）.2.In the 2nd paragraph, “those who dont fit the pattern” refers to （ ）.3.The drop-out rate of college students seems to go up because （ ）.4.According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that （ ）.5.In this passage the author argues that （ ）.问题1选项A.people used to question the value of college educationB.people used to have full confidence in higher educationC.all high school graduates chose to go to collegeD.very few high school graduates chose to go to college问题2选项A.high school graduates who arent suitable for college educationB.college graduates who are selling shoes and driving taxisC.college students who arent any better for their higher educationD.high school graduates who failed to be admitted to college问题3选项A.young people are disappointed with the conventional way of teaching at collegeB.many young people are required to join the armyC.young people have little motivation in pursuing a higher educationD.young people dont like the intense competition for admission to graduate school问题4选项A.society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduatesB.high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college educationC.too many students have to earn their own livingD.college administrators encourage students to drop out问题5选项A.more and more evidence shows college education may not be the best thing for high school graduatesB.college education is not enough if one wants to be successfulC.college education benefits only the intelligent, ambitious, and quick-learning peopleD.intelligent people may learn quicker if they dont go to college【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一句，“The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation.”，可知大学已经被超过一代的人们毫无疑问的接受了。可判断出人们过去总是对高等教育充满信心。选项B符合题意。2.语义理解题。根据文章第一句，“And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending those who dont fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious.”，可知近一半的高中毕业生就读于那些不符合这种模式的学校，人数越来越多，现象也越来越明显。下文紧接着用例子说明了这种现象。可判断出those who dont fit the pattern是指那些没有因为高等教育而变得更好的大学生们。选项C符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句，“Others find no stimulation in their studies and drop out-often encouraged by college administrators.”，可知另一些人在学习中找不到激励和鼓舞而辍学通常是受到大学管理者的鼓励。可判断出大学生的辍学率似乎在上升的原因在于年轻人很少有追求高等教育的动力。选项C符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“Weve been told that young people have to go to college because our economy cant absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.”，可知我们被告知年轻人必须上大学，因为经济不会给一个18岁的未受过训练的人工作机会。但是令人沮丧的事实是，毕业生了解到社会也无法给受过大学教育的22岁的毕业生适合的工作机会。可判断出大学教育的问题部分来自于社会无法为受过良好训练的大学毕业生提供足够的工作机会。选项A符合题意。5.作者态度题。根据文章最后一段，“This is heresy to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.”，可知我们从小就被教育说接受一点教育是好的，接受的教育越多越好，这是有争议的。相反的证据也开始增多。可判断出作者认为对于高中毕业的年轻人来说，大学并非最好的、唯一的去处。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题Can electricity cause cancer? In a society that literally runs on electric power, the very idea seems preposterous. But for more than a decade, a growing band of scientists and journalists has pointed to studies that seem to link exposure to electromagnetic fields with increased risk of leukemia and other malignancies. The implications are unsettling, to say the least, since everyone comes into contact with such fields, which are generated by everything electrical, from power lines and antennas to personal computers and micro-wave ovens. Because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimateor the worst kind of paranoia.Now the alarmists have gained some qualified support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In the executive summary of a new scientific review, released in draft form late last week, the EPA has put forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date. The agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence “suggests a casual link” between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fieldsthose having very long wave-lengthsand leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer. While the report falls short of classifying ELE fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the common 60-hertz magnetic field as “a possible, but not proven, cause of cancer in humans.”The report is no reason to panic or even to lose sleep. If there is a cancer risk, it is a small one. The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the Bush Administration, and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and the White House. But now no one can deny that the issue must be taken seriously and that much more research is needed.At the heart of the debate is a simple and well-understood physical phenomenon. When an electric current passes through a wire, it generates an electromagnetic field that exerts forces on surrounding objects, For many years, scientists dismissed any suggestion that such forces might be harmful, primarily because they are so extraordinarily weak. The ELF magnetic field generated by a video terminal measures only a few milligauss, or about one-hundredth the strength of the earths own magnetic field. The electric fields surrounding a power line can be as high as 10 kilovolts per meter, but the corresponding field induced in human cells will be only about 1 millivolt per meter. This is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate.How could such minuscule forces pose a health danger? The consensus used to be that they could not, and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation, like X-rays, that pack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that make up the human body. Such ionizing radiations have been clearly linked to increased cancer risks and there are regulations to control emissions.But epidemiological studies, which find statistical associations between sets of data, do not prove cause and effect. Though there is a body of laboratory work showing that exposure to ELF fields can have biological effects on animal tissues, a mechanism by which those effects could lead to cancerous growths has never been found.The Pentagon is for from persuaded. In a blistering 33-page critique of the EPA report, Air Force scientists charge its authors with having biased the entire document toward proving a link, “Our reviewers are convinced that there is no suggestion that (electromagnetic fields) present in the environment induce or promote cancer,” the Air Force concludes. “It is astonishing that the EPA would lend its imprimatur on this report.” Then Pentagons concern is understandable. There is hardly a unit of the modern military that does not depend on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment, from huge ground-based radar towers to the defense systems built into every warship and plane.1. The main idea of this passage is （ ）.2. The view-point of the EPA is （ ）.3. Why did the Pentagon and White House object to the release of the report?Because（ ）4. It can be inferred from physical phenomenon （ ）.5. What do you think ordinary citizens may do after reading the different arguments?问题1选项A.studies on the cause of cancerB.controversial view-points in the cause of cancerC.the relationship between electricity and cancerD.different ideas about the effect of electricity on cancer问题2选项A.there is casual link between electricity and cancerB.electricity really affects cancerC.controversialD.low frequency electromagnetic field is a possible cause of cancer问题3选项A.it may stir a great deal of debate among the Bush Administration.B.every unit of the modern military has depended on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment.C.the Pentagons concern was understandable.D.they had different arguments.问题4选项A.the force of the electromagnetic field is too weak to be harmful.B.the force of the electromagnetic field is weaker than the electric field that the cells generate.C.electromagnetic field may affect health.D.only more powerful radiation can knock electron out of human body.问题5选项A.They are indifferent.B.They are worried very much.C.They may exercise prudent avoidance.D.They are shocked.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.主旨题。文章开篇就提出了电磁场是否会致癌这个问题，并提出有研究结果表明电磁场会增加患癌的危险性。第二段公布了EPA环保署的报告，认为电磁场与癌症之间存在偶然联系。第三段说明电磁场和癌症之间的关系问题仍然广受争议，需要进一步的研究和证明。下文提出五角大楼和白宫反对电磁场致癌的说法，因为每一个军事单位都依赖于电气设备的使用。纵观全文可知文章的主题主要是关于电磁场对癌症的影响的不同观点的讨论。选项D符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“The agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence suggests a casual link between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fieldsthose having very long wave-lengthsand leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer.”，可知EPA初步得出结论，科学证据表明，低频电磁场(波长非常长的电磁场)与白血病、淋巴瘤和脑癌之间存在偶然的联系。可判断出EPA认为电磁场和癌症之间有偶然的联系。选项A符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一句，“There is hardly a unit of the modern military that does not depend on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment, from huge ground-based radar towers to the defense systems built into every warship and plane.”，可知从巨大的陆基雷达到战舰和每架飞机内置的防御系统，现代军队几乎每个单位都会用到电子设备，由此可知他们相信电磁场不会诱发癌症。可判断出五角大楼和白宫反对公布这份报告的原因在于现代军队的每一个单位都依赖于某种电子设备的大量使用。选项B符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章第四段，“When an electric current passes through a wire, it generates an electromagnetic field that exerts forces on surrounding objects, For many years, scientists dismissed any suggestion that such forces might be harmful, primarily because they are so extraordinarily weak.”，可知当电流通过导线时，它会产生一个电磁场，对周围的物体施加压力。多年来，科学家们一直否认这种力可能是有害的，主要是因为它们非常微弱。可判断出从这个物理现象可知因为电磁场太弱了，所以没有害处。选项A符合题意。5.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“The report is no reason to panic or even to lose sleepBut now no one can deny that the issue must be taken seriously and that much more research is needed.”，可知这个争论是会让人恐慌，但是现在没有人能否认，这个问题必须认真对待，需要更多的研究。可判断出人们还是会保持警惕的态度，会有意小心地避开电磁场。选项C符合题意。7. 单选题My boss has failed me so many times that I no longer place any（ ） on what he promises.问题1选项A.conformityB.probabilityC.relianceD.assurance【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。conformity “遵守，一致”；probability “可能性，几率”；reliance “信赖，信心”；assurance “保证，担保”。句意：我的老板多次失信于我，所以我不再相信他的承诺。选项C符合题意。8. 单选题In the spring of 2010, fiscal austerity became fashionable. I use the term advisedly: the sudden consensus among Very Serious People that everyone must balance budgets now wasnt based on any kind of careful analysis. It was more like a fad, something everyone professed to believe because that was what the in-crowd was saying.And its a fad that has been fading lately, as evidence has accumulated that the lessons of the past remain relevant, that trying to balance budgets in the face of high unemployment and falling inflation is still a really bad idea. Most notably, the confidence fairy has been exposed as a myth. There have been widespread claims that deficit-cutting actually reduces unemployment because it reassures consumers and businesses; but multiple studies of historical record, including one by the