2022年考博英语-合肥工业大学考前模拟强化练习题56（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-合肥工业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题People may get verses wrong, but they also mangle plenty of well-known biblical stories as well.问题1选项A.spoilB.imitateC.formulateD.violate【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项spoil“溺爱；糟蹋；破坏”；B选项imitate“模仿；仿造”；C选项formulate“规划；用公式表示；明确地表达”；D选项violate“违反；侵犯”。句意：人们可能会读错经文，但他们也会许多著名的圣经故事。由关键信息get verses wrong“读错经文”只是常见问题，后一句会加深问题的严重性。因此可以排除B，C选项。D选项一般是指违反规则，这里的承受对象是biblical stories“圣经故事”，不能适用。因此A选项符合题意。2. 单选题A future doctor should have a genuine desire to help people. He or she must develop good study habits to complete the years of arduous schooling ahead.问题1选项A.strictB.unusualC.enduringD.laborious【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。arduous表示“努力的，费力的，险峻的”；A项strict“严格的，绝对的，精确的”，B项unusual“不寻常的，与众不同的”，C项enduring“持久的，能忍受的”，D项laborious“艰苦的，费劲的，勤劳的”。句意：一个未来的医生应该有帮助别人的真诚愿望；他或她必须养成良好的学习习惯，以完成今后几年的艰苦学习。因此，根据句意可知D选项正确。3. 单选题My spirits _ when I realized I couldnt afford the new car on my salary, which I had promised to buy for my fiancee.问题1选项A.scaredB.floggedC.sankD.transmitted【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A项scare“（使）害怕，受惊吓，吓跑”，B项flog“鞭打，鞭策，迫使”，C项sink“（在水或泥里）下沉，使（船只）沉没，倒下，消沉”，D项transmit“传输，传播，发射”。由My spirits“我的精神”和I couldnt afford the new car on my salary“以我的薪水，我买不起这辆新车”可知，“消沉”符合语境。句意：当我意识到凭我的工资根本买不起那辆答应给我未婚妻买的新车时，我的情绪低落了。因此，该题选择C项正确。4. 单选题Humans are forever forgetting that they cant control nature. Exactly 20 years ago, a Time magazine cover story announced that “scientists are on the verge of being able to predict the time, place and even the size of earthquakes”. The people of quake ruined Kobe(神户) learned last week how wrong that assertion was.None of the methods raised two decades ago have succeeded. Even now, scientists have yet to discover a uniform warning signal that precedes all quakes, let alone any sign that would till whether the coming quake is mild or a killer. Earthquake formation can be trigged by many factors, says Hiroo Kanamori, a seismologist at the California Institute of Technology. So, finding one all-purpose warning sign is impossible. One reason: Quakes start deep in the earth, so scientists cant study them directly.If a quake precursor were found, it would still be impossible to warn humans in advance of all dangerous quakes. Places like Japan and California are filled with hundreds, if not thousands, of minor faults (断层). It is impossible to place monitoring instruments on all of them. And these inconspicuous sites can be just as deadly as their better-known cousins like the San Andreas Fault (圣安得列斯断层). Both the Kobe and the 1994 Northridge quakes occurred on small faults.Prediction would be less important if scientists could easily build structures to withstand tremors. While seismic engineering has improved dramatically in the past 10 to 15 year, every new quake reveals unexpected weaknesses in “quake resistant” structures, says Terry Tullis, a geophysicist at Brown University. In Kobe, for example, a highway that opened only last year was damaged.In the Northridge earthquake, on the other hand, well-built structures generally did not collapse. But engineers have since found hidden problems in 120 steel-frame buildings that survived. Such structures are supposed to sway with the earth rather than crumple. They may have swayed, but the quake also unexpectedly weakened the joints in their steel skeletons. If the shaking had been longer or stronger, the buildings might have collapsed.A recent report in Science adds yet more anxiety about life on the fault lines. Researchers ran computer simulations to see how quake-resistant buildings would fare in a moderate size tremor, taking into account that much of a quakes energy travels in a large “pulse” of focused shaking. The results: both steel-frame buildings and buildings that sit on insulating rubber pads suffered severe damage.More research will help experts design stronger structures and possibly find quake precursors. But it is still a certainty that the next earthquake will prove once again that every fault cannot be monitored and every highway cannot be completely quakeproofed.1. Which of the following statements is true about Kobe?2. The authors focus in Para. 3 is on _.3. Its impossible to avoid damages in earthquakes because _.4. It is implied in the passage that _.5. The best title for this passage could be _.问题1选项A.Last weeks quake occurred on small faults.B.People there believe in scientists ability to predict earthquakes.C.Buildings there swayed with the quake rather than crumpled.D.It can be expected that every fault can be monitored as a result of more research.问题2选项A.the need for more researchB.the impossibility to predict earthquakesC.the designing of stronger structures and the finding of quake precursorsD.the impossibility of building completely quake-proofed structures3. Its impossible to avoid damages in earthquakes because _.问题3选项A.scientists cant study quakes that occur deep in the earth directlyB.its hard to build perfect “quake- resistant” structuresC.instruments cannot be placed on all of the minor faultsD.all of the above4. It is implied in the passage that _.问题4选项A.well-erected structures do not collapseB.steel-frame building survive any earthquakeC.buildings in Northridge will probably collapse in a stronger earthquakeD.seismic engineering has improved enough for structures to resist quakes5. The best title for this passage could be _.问题5选项A.Nature Is beyond Human ControlB.Earthquakes: Can We Bring Them under Control?C.New Methods and Stronger Structures to Predict and Withhold QuakesD.Cant We Predict Earthquakes?【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“关于神户，下面哪个陈述是正确的？”。第一段最后一句提到The people of quake ruined Kobe(神户) learned last week how wrong that assertion was.（上周遭受地震灾害的神户人了解到这个宣称错的多么离谱）可知，神户上周发生了地震；结合文章第三段最后一句Both the Kobe and the 1994 Northridge quakes occurred on small faults.（神户地震和1994年的北岭地震都发生在小断层上）可知，A项“上周的地震发生在小断层上”正确；B项“那里的人们相信科学家预测地震的能力”与原文相反；根据倒数第三段最后两句They may have swayed, but the quake also unexpectedly weakened the joints in their steel skeletons. If the shaking had been longer or stronger, the buildings might have collapsed.（它们可能会摇晃，但地震也意外地削弱了它们钢骨架的关节。如果摇晃的时间更长或更强烈，建筑物可能会倒塌。）可知，C项“地震导致建筑物摇晃，而不是倒塌”错误；由文章最后一句话But it is still a certainty that the next earthquake will prove once again that every fault cannot be monitored（但可以肯定的是，下一次地震将再次证明，不可能每一个断层都被监测到）可知，D项“可以预测到的是由于更多的研究，每一个断层都可以监测到”表述错误。因此，该题选择A项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“第三段中作者的重点是”。根据第三段第一句If a quake precursor were found, it would still be impossible to warn humans in advance of all dangerous quakes.（即使发现了地震前兆，也不可能在所有危险的地震之前警告人类）和第三句It is impossible to place monitoring instruments on all of them.（不可能把监测仪器都放在小断层上面）可以推知，想要预测地震是不可能的，因此B项“预测地震的不可能性”正确；A项“需要更多的研究”、C项“更强结构的设计和地震前兆的发现”和D项“建造完全抗震的结构的不可能性”在该段都没有提到。因此，该题选择B项正确。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“在地震中避免损害是不可能的，因为”。由文章第二段最后一句Quakes start deep in the earth, so scientists cant study them directly.（地震发生在地球深处，所以科学家不能直接研究它们）可知，A项“科学家不能直接研究发生在地球深处的地震”正确；由第四段第二句While seismic engineering has improved dramatically in the past 10 to 15 year, every new quake reveals unexpected weaknesses in “quake resistant” structures（尽管在过去的10到15年里，地震工程有了显著的进步，但每一次新的地震都揭示出“抗震”结构意想不到的弱点）可知，B项“很难建造完美的抗震结构”正确；由第三段第三句It is impossible to place monitoring instruments on all of them.（不可能把监测仪器都放在小断层上面）可知，C项“仪器不能放置在所有的小断层上”也符合原文。因此，该题选择D项“以上所有”正确。4.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“这篇文章暗示”。根据第四段第二句While seismic engineering has improved dramatically in the past 10 to 15 year, every new quake reveals unexpected weaknesses in “quake resistant” structures（尽管在过去的10到15年里，地震工程有了显著的进步，但每一次新的地震都揭示出“抗震”结构意想不到的弱点）可知，D项“地震工程已经改进到足以使结构抵御地震”错误；由第五段中的But engineers have since found hidden problems in 120 steel-frame buildings that survived. Such structures are supposed to sway with the earth rather than crumple.（但此后工程师们在幸存的120座钢框架建筑中发现了隐藏的问题。这些结构应该随地球摇摆而不是坍塌。）可知，B项“钢框架建筑可以在任何地震中存活下来”也错误；第五段第一句提到well-built structures generally did not collapse（建造良好的建筑物通常不会倒塌），但是A项“直立很好的结构不会倒塌”没有提及；由In the Northridge earthquake, on the other hand, well-built structures generally did not collapseThey may have swayed, but the quake also unexpectedly weakened the joints in their steel skeletons. If the shaking had been longer or stronger, the buildings might have collapsed.（另一方面，在北岭地震中，建造良好的建筑物通常不会倒塌它们可能会摇晃，但地震也意外地削弱了它们钢骨架的关节。如果摇晃的时间更长或更强烈，建筑物可能会倒塌。）可推断，C项“北岭的建筑物可能会在更强的地震中倒塌”符合题意。因此，该题选择C项正确。5.【试题答案】B【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章最好的标题是”。这篇文章主要讲的是人类就目前的情况而言无法准确预测地震以及无法非常有效的控制地震的问题；A项“自然是人类无法控制的”范围太大，故不选；C项“预测和抑制地震的新方法和更强的结构”太片面；D项“难道我们不能预测地震吗？”不符合文意，故排除；只有B项“地震：我们能控制它们吗？”符合文章的主旨大意。因此，该题选择B项正确。5. 填空题For several years, scientists have been testing a substance called interferon(干扰素)，a 36 wonder drug that is proving to be effective in treating a variety of ailments, including virus infections, bacterial infections, and tumors. To 37 , the new drug has provoked no negative reaction of sufficient significance to 38 its use. But in spite of its success, last year only one gram was produced in the entire world.The reason for the 39 lies in the structure of interferon. A species of specific protein, the interferon produced from one animal species cannot be used in 40 another animal species. In other words, to treat human beings, only interferon produced by human beings may be used. The drug is produced by infecting white blood cells with a virus. Fortunately, it is so 41 that the amount given each patient per injection is very small.Unlike antibiotics, interferon does not attack germs directly. 42 , it makes unaffected cells resistant to infection, and 43 the multiplication of viruses within cells.As you might conclude, one of the most 44 uses of interferon has been in the treatment of cancer. Dr. Hans Strander, research physician at Swedens famous Karolinska Institute, has treated more than one hundred cancer patients with the new drug. 45 a group of selected patients who had 46 surgical procedures for advanced cancer, half were given conventional treatments and the other half were given interferon. The 47 rate over a three-year period was 70 percent among those who were treated with interferon as 48 with only 10 to 30 percent among those who has received the 49 treatments.In the United States, a large-scale project supported by the American Cancer Society is now under 50 . If the experiment is successful, interferon could become one of the greatest medical discoveries of our time.36. A. possible B. adequate C. potential D. capable37. A. time B. stage C. date D. period38. A. determine B. discourage C. decrease D. disclose39. A. uniqueness B. peculiarity C. feature D. scarcity40. A. treating B. producing C. operating D. handling41. A. potent B. slight C. obvious D. obscure42. A. However B. Moreover C. Hence D. Instead43. A. motivates B. prevents C. strikes D. eliminates44. A. restrictive B. dramatic C. probable D. crucial45. A. With B. For C. Among D. Within46. A. sustained B. endured C. prepared D. undergone47. A. existence B. treatment C. survival D. growth48. A. weighed B. balanced C. differentiated D. compared49. A. original B. conventional C. exceptional D. desirable50. A. way B. track C. course D. route【答案】36.A37.C38.B39.D40.A41.A42.D43.B44.D45.C46.D47.C48.D49.B50.A Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE 【解析】36.考查形容词辨析。A选项possible“可能的；合理的；合适的”；B选项adequate“充足的；适当的；胜任的”；C选项potential“潜在的；可能的”；D选项capable“能干的；能胜任的”。由前一句scientists have been testing a substance called interferon“科学家们一直在测试一种叫作干扰素的物质”，可知这一物质还在测试中，并未得出确切结果，所以能否成为wonder drug“特效药”只是一种可能。possible和potential都有可能的意思。potential一般是可以发展成某种东西或在未来能够被发展，具体指潜能方面上的。possible一般指能够做到的可能性。因此A选项符合题意。37.考查固定搭配。A选项time“时间；时代”；B选项stage“阶段；舞台”；C选项date“日期；约会”；D选项period“期间；经期”。由空格后the new drug has provoked no negative reaction of sufficient significance“这种新药还没有引起足够的负面反应”，可知这里指从过去到现在的这段时间内，新药并未引起足够的负面反应。固定搭配to date“迄今为止”。因此C选项符合题意。38.考查动词辨析。A选项determine“决定；判定；限定”；B选项discourage“阻止；使气馁”；C选项decrease“减少；减小”；D选项disclose“公开；揭露”。因为迄今为止，这种新药还没有产生影响很大的副作用，新药的使用只是对一部分有需求的人而言的，所以这里应该是指不会阻止它的使用。因为这里并没有说使用者的数量，所以可以排除C选项。因此B选项符合题意。39.考查名词辨析。A选项uniqueness“独特性；独一无二”；B选项peculiarity“特性；怪癖”；C选项feature“特色，特征；容貌”；D选项scarcity“不足；稀缺”。结合第一段末尾句But in spite of its success, last year only one gram was produced in the entire world.“但尽管取得了成功，去年全世界只生产了一克。”由此可知特效药是非常稀缺的，所以第二段承接第一段的内容，开始分析造成稀缺的原因。因此D选项符合题意。40.考查动词辨析。A选项treating“治疗；对待”；B选项producing“生产；引起；生育”；C选项operating“操作；经营”；D选项handling“处理；操作”。句意：一种特殊的蛋白质，干扰素从一种动物中产生，不能用于另一种动物。空格后的信息In other words“换句话说”，to treat human beings“去治疗人类”，意味着两句的动词一致。因此A选项符合题意。41.考查形容词辨析。A选项potent“有效的；强有力的”；B选项slight“轻微的；少量的”；C选项obvious“明显的；显著的”；D选项obscure“不清楚的；不著名的”。句意：幸运的是，这种药物是非常，每次给每个病人的剂量都很小。药品使用的剂量越小越能够说明它更加强效。因此A选项符合题意。42.考查逻辑关系。A选项However“然而；但是”；B选项Moreover“而且；此外”；C选项Hence“因此”；D选项Instead“反而”。空格前Unlike antibiotics, interferon does not attack germs directly.“与抗生素不同，干扰素不直接攻击病菌。”与空格后it makes unaffected cells resistant to infection.“它让未受影响的细胞抵抗感染。”，根据逻辑关系可知主动攻击与保护是相反的，因此D选项符合题意。43.考查动词辨析。A选项motivate“刺激；使有动机”；B选项prevent“预防；阻止”；C选项strike“打击；罢工”；D选项eliminate“消除；排除”。空格前一句it makes unaffected cells resistant to infection“它让未受影响的细胞抵抗感染”，也即是阻止未受影响细胞免受感染。因此and连接的并列句中的动词词义应与前一句保持一致。因此B选项符合题意。44.考查形容词辨析。A选项restrictive“限制的；约束的”；B选项dramatic“戏剧的；急剧的；引人注目的”；C选项probable“很可能的；可信的”；D选项crucial“重要的；决断的”。句意：正如你可能得出的结论，干扰素最用途之一是治疗癌症。后一句补充说到汉斯斯特兰德博士是瑞典著名的卡罗林斯卡研究所的研究医生，他已经用这种新药治疗了一百多名癌症患者。由此可知，干扰素对于治疗癌症有重要用途。因此D选项符合题意。45.考查介词辨析。A选项With“用；随着”；B选项For“因为；为了”；C选项Among“在之中”；D选项Within“在之内”。由空格后的a group of selected patients“一组挑选的病人”，与之后的half“一半（病人）”与the other half“另一半（病人）”，可知是在一群病人之中，分组进行测试。因此C选项符合题意。46.考查动词辨析。A选项sustained“维持；忍受；支持”；B选项endured“忍耐；容忍”；C选项prepared“准备；使适合；起草”；D选项undergone“经历；经受”。句意：在一组晚期癌症手术的患者中，一半接受传统治疗，另一半接受干扰素治疗。sustain，undergo，endure都有忍受的意思。undergo一般指忍受治疗。endure一般指长期努力忍耐痛苦、不幸、困难。sustain一般指经历一些不好的事情，常指承受伤害失败等。根据空格后surgical procedures“外科手术”可知其一般搭配为undergo a surgical procedures“接受外科手术”，句子使用的是过去完成时，因此需要动词的过去分词形式，即undergone。因此D选项符合题意。47.考查名词辨析。A选项existence“存在；生存”；B选项treatment“治疗；疗法；处理”；C选项survival“幸存；幸存者，残存物”；D选项growth“增长；发展；生长”。连接前一句可知这里还是在讲advanced cancer“癌症晚期”的治疗，空格后rate“比率”的对应知这里应是指“幸存率”，因此C选项符合题意。48.考查固定搭配。A选项weighed“权衡；称重”；B选项balanced“平衡；使相称”；C选项differentiated“区分；区别”；D选项compared“比较；对比”。句意：在接受干扰素治疗的患者中，70%的人能活过3年，而接受的患者中只有10%到30%的人能活过3年。由此可知这里是在讲两种治疗方法幸存率的对比。固定搭配：as compared with“与相比”。因此D选项符合题意。49.考查逻辑关系。A选项original“原来的；开始的；首创的”；B选项conventional“传统的；常见的；惯例的”；C选项exceptional“异常的，例外的”；D选项desirable“可取的；值得拥有的”。由空格前those who were treated with interferon“那些接受干扰素治疗的人”根据之前所提及到的两个治疗，half were given conventional treatments“一半人被给予传统治疗”可知与之进行测试的是那些接受传统治疗的病人。因此B选项符合题意。50.考查固定搭配。A选项way“方法；道路”；B选项track“轨道；足迹”；C选项course“科目；路线”；D选项route“路线；航线”。course和route都有路线的意思，course多指（船、飞机、路或河流的）所经之路，强调过程的路线。route多指从起点到终点所采取的方法或路线，强调首尾的路线。句意：在美国，一个由美国癌症协会支持的大型项目正在。固定搭配：under way“进行中”，因此A选项符合题意。6. 单选题The first two decades of this century were dominated by the microbe hunters. These hunters had tracked down one after another of the microbes responsible for the most dreaded scourges of many centuries: tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria. But there remained some terrible diseases for which no microbe could be incriminated: scurvy, pellagra, rickets, and beriberi. Then it was discovered that these diseases were caused by the lack of vitamins, a trace substance in the diet. The diseases could be prevented or cured by consuming foods that contained the vitamins. And so in the decades of the l920s and 1930s, nutrition became a science and the vitamin hunters replaced the microbe hunters.In the 1940s and l950s, biochemists strived to learn why each of the vitamins was essential for health. They discovered that key enzymes in metabolism depend on one or another of the vitamins as coenzymes to perform the chemistry that provides cells with energy for growth and function. Now, these enzyme hunters occupied center stage.You are aware that the enzyme hunters have been replaced by a new breed of hunters who are tracking genesthe blueprints for each of the enzymesand are discovering the defective genes that cause inherited diseasesdiabetes, cystic fibrosis. These gene hunters, or genetic engineers, use recombinant DNA technology to identify and clone genes and introduce them into bacterial cells and plants to create factories for the massive production of hormones and vaccines for medicine and for better crops for agriculture. Biotechnology has become a multibillion-dollar industry.In view of the inexorable progress in science, we can expect that the gene hunters will be replaced in the spotlight. When and by whom? Which kind of hunter will dominate the scene in the last decade of our waning century and in the early decades of the next? I wonder whether the hunters who will occupy the spotlight will be neurobiologists who apply the techniques of the enzyme and gene hunters to the functions of the brain. What to call them? The head hunters, I will return to them later.5. What is the main topic of the passage?6. How do vitamins influence health?7. Which of the following best describes the authors tone in the last paragraph of the passage?8. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?问题1选项A.The microbe hunters.B.The potential of genetic engineering.C.The progress of modern medical research.D.The discovery of enzymes.问题2选项A.They are necessary for some enzymes to function.B.They protect the body from microbes.C.They keep food from spoiling.D.They are broken down by cells to produce energy.问题3选项A.CriticalB.SpeculativeC.AppreciativeD.Emotional问题4选项A.The focus of medical research will change in the next two decades.B.Medical breakthroughs often depend on luck.C.Medical research throughout the twentieth century has been dominated by microbe hunters.D.Most diseases are caused by defective genes.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A【解析】5. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】主旨大意题。由第一段中The first two decades of this century were dominated by the microbe hunters.（微生物搜寻者在这个世纪（即20世纪）的前20年占主要地位）以及And so in the decades of the l920s and 1930s, nutrition became a science and the vitamin hunters replaced the microbe hunters.（因此在20世纪20年代和30年代的几十年里，营养成为一门科学，而维他命搜寻者替代了微生物搜寻者。）由此可知全文都在介绍医学的发展。因此C选项“现代医学研究的发展”正确，符合题意。A选项“微生物搜寻者”，B选项“基因工程的潜能”，D选项“酶的发现”都只是文中提及的一部分内容且包括在医学研究发展之中，不能作为整体概括，可排除。故选C。6. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】客观细节题。定位在文章的第二段They discovered that key enzymes in metabolism depend on one or another of the vitamins as coenzymes to perform the chemistry that provides cells with energy for growth and function.（他们发现，新陈代谢中关键的酶依赖一种或另外一种维生素，充当辅酶去完成为细胞生长和功能提供能量的这个化学过程。）由此可知维生素作为辅酶是酶进行新陈代谢作用的关键。因此A选项“它们对于酶发挥作用是必需的”正确，符合题意。B选项“它们保护身体不受微生物之害”，C选项“它们让食物不变坏”，D选项“它们被细胞分解去生成能量”均不符合题意，可排除。故选A。7. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】观点态度题。定位在最后一段In view of the inexorable progress in science, we can expect that the gene hunters will be replaced in the spotlight.（鉴于科学发展的不可阻挡，我们能预期基因搜寻者在公众注意的中心中将会被取代。）而且最后一段，作者使用了大量的疑问句。由此可知，B选项“推测的；猜测的”正确，符合作者的语调。A选项“批评的”，C选项“赏识的；感激的”，D选项“易激动的”均不符题意，可排除。故选B。8. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。定位在最后一段In view of the inexorable progress in science, we can expect that the gene hunters will be replaced in the spotlight.（鉴于科学发展的不可阻挡，我们能预期基因搜寻者在公众注意的中心中将会被取代。）可知作者认为医学研究中心是会改变的。但是由哪种搜寻者能够占据核心位置，还是尚未可知的。因此A选项“医学研究的中心在接下来的20年将会改变”正确，符合题意。B选项“医学上的突破经常靠运气”，C选项“微生物搜寻者在整个20世纪的医学研究中占主要地位”，D选项“大多数疾病由有缺陷的基因导致”均未在文中有提及，可排除。故选A。