2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考前模拟强化练习题92（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题His ideas are invariably condemned as（ ）by his colleagues.问题1选项A.imaginativeB.ingeniousC.impracticalD.denied【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。imaginative“富于想象力的，有创造力的”；ingenious“有独创性的，机灵的”；impractical“不切实际的”；denied“否定”。由“condemned谴责”可知此空应填贬义词，故C项符合题意。句意：他的想法总是被同事们指责为不切实际。2. 单选题The news about the nuclear power station that was damaged by the earthquake was_.问题1选项A.negativeB.encouragingC.seriousD.positive【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. negative 消极的 B. encouraging令人鼓舞的C. serious严肃的；严重的 D. positive积极的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据句意可知，核电站被损是一件很严肃的事情。因为会导致核泄漏等不良影响。C选项serious“严肃的，严重的”满足句意。【干扰项排除】B、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。核电站被损这件事情并不是好的事情；A选项negative通常指消极的负面的，形容态度或者某件事的影响。【句意】关于核电站被地震破坏的消息是很严重的。3. 单选题Since the early nineties, the trend in most businesses has been toward on-demand always-available products and services that suit the customers （ ）rather than the companys.问题1选项A.benefitB.availabilityC.suitabilityD.convenience【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。benefit“好处”；availability“可用性，有效性”；suitability“合适性”；convenience“方便，便利”。句意：自上世纪90年代初以来，大多数企业的趋势一致是按需提供随时可用的产品和服务，以满足客户的方便，而不是公司的方便。产品和服务对于客户来说是提供了便利，故D项符合题意。4. 单选题Many novels that attempt to mirror the world are really_ of the reality that they represent.问题1选项A.reflectionsB.demonstrationsC.illuminationsD.reproductions【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. reflections反映；反响 B. demonstrations示范；展示C. illuminations启发；阐释 D. reproductions复制；复制品【考查点】近义词辨析。【解题思路】句中mirror在这里表示反映的意思，that 引导一个定语从句修饰novel，在这里表示尝试反映世界的小说。空格后接of，of短语做后置定语。主句为novels are+空格处名词。空格处应该填一个与mirror相似的单词，表示反映的意思。A选项reflection符合句意。【干扰项排除】B选项demonstration表示清楚细致地展示；C选项illumination指某物能够被理解；D选项reproduction表示复制出与原物相似的物品。【句意】许多试图反映世界的小说实际上反映了它们所代表的现实。5. 写作题Directions: For this part, you are allowed to write a composition on the topic of “On the Aging Population”. You should write at least 160-180 words.【答案】略6. 单选题The escaped prisoner jumped onto the boat and then（ ）it away from the seashore with a pole.问题1选项A.pushedB.shovedC.urgedD.pressed【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。push“推动，增加”；shove“挤，撞，猛推”；urge“催促，敦促”；press“压，按，逼迫”。push away=shove。句意：逃犯先跳上船，然后用杆子将船退离岸边。只有A项能与away搭配，且符合句意。故A项正确。7. 单选题From this course the students should（ ）some useful knowledge in political science.问题1选项A.requireB.demandC.enquireD.acquire【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。require“要求，需要，想要”；demand“要求，请求，需要”；enquire“打听，询问”；acquire“获得，取得”。句意：通过这节课，学生们应该掌握一些与政治科学相关的实用知识。D项符合题意。8. 不定项选择题From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining disease. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the roads. Man versus the motor-car! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a mans very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-year-old and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.The surprising thing is that the society smiles so gently on the motorist and seems to forgive his behavior. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten.It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are, allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through strict annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a persons driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be made much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specification for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should be considered as too severe if it results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not for motor-cars.1. The main idea of this passage is_.2. What does the author think of society toward motorists?3. Why does the author say: “his car becomes the extension of his personality?”4. Which of the followings is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents?5. The attitude of the author is_.问题1选项A.traffic accidents are mainly caused by motoristsB.thousands of people the world over are killed each yearC.the laws of some countries about driving are too laxD.only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents问题2选项A.Society smiles on the motorists.B.Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns.C.Victims of accidents are nothing.D.Society condones their rude driving.问题3选项A.Driving can show his real self.B.Driving can show the other part of his personality.C.Driving can bring out his character.D.His car embodies his temper.问题4选项A.Build more highways.B.Stricter driving tests.C.Test drivers every three years.D.Raise age limit and lay down safety specifications.问题5选项A.ironicalB.criticalC.appealingD.militant【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1. 【选项释义】The main idea of this passage is_. 这篇文章的主要观点是_。 A. Traffic accidents are mainly caused by motorists A. 交通事故主要是由开车的人引起的B. Thousands of people the world over are killed each year B. 全世界每年有成千上万的人被杀C. The laws of some countries about driving are too lax C. 有些国家有关驾驶的法律太宽松了D. Only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents D. 只有更严格的交通法规才能防止事故发生【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】全文主要讲当今社会交通事故发生率提高。第一段首先指出问题：全世界每年都有成千上万的人被杀害或惨死；第二段讲到：汽车常常显露出一个人最坏的品质；第三段讲述因为汽车出现许多问题；第四段提出作者的中心观点：现在是时候制定一套世界准则来减少这种无谓的生命浪费了。作者提出一些举措来防止事故的发生。综合全文，文章先是提出因为交通导致的许多问题，最后提出应该要增加交通措施防止事故发生。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A选项“交通事故主要是由开车的人引起的”，文中没有提及交通事故的发生主要是由开车的人引起的，该选项属于无中生有；B选项“全世界每年有成千上万的人被杀”，文中提到“全世界每年都有成千上万的人被杀害或惨死，而我们却袖手旁观”但是这不是文章的主旨，文章主要说交通事故，该选项以偏概全；C选项“有些国家有关驾驶的法律太宽松了”，文中提到了有些国家法律太松，但是这是为了引出文章中的主旨要采取手段防止事故的发生，该选项属于本末倒置。2.【选项释义】What does the author think of society toward motorists? 作者是如何看待社会对待司机的？A. Society smiles on the motorists. A. 社会对司机笑容可掬。B. Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns. B. 在城市和城镇建造了巨大的停车场。C. Victims of accidents are nothing. C. 事故的受害者不算什么。D. Society condones their rude driving. D. 社会容忍他们粗野的驾驶行为。【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到Para. 3第一句，该处讲到“令人惊讶的是，社会对司机笑容可掬，似乎原谅了他的行为”，又因为上文说到“他们所有隐藏的沮丧、失望和嫉妒似乎都在开车的过程中显露出来”综合理解，作者认为社会宽容了司机的行为。比对选项，D选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“社会对司机笑容可掬”，这是作者对社会存在的一个现象进行的比喻，并不是作者的态度，属于过度推断；B选项“在城市和城镇建造了巨大的停车场”，虽然可以在文中定位到该选项，但是该选项不是作者是如何看待社会看待司机的，而是一个客观事实，该选项属于张冠李戴；C选项“事故的受害者不算什么”，文中虽然可以推测出该选项，但是该选项也是对客观现象的描述，并不是作者认为的，该选项属于过度推断。3.【选项释义】Why does the author say: “his car becomes the extension of his personality?” 为什么作者说:“他的车成为了他个性的延伸?” A. Driving can show his real self. A. 驾驶可以展示他真实的自我。B. Driving can show the other part of his personality. B. 驾驶可以显示他性格的另一部分。C. Driving can bring out his character. C. 驾驶能显示出他的性格。D. His car embodies his temper. D. 他的汽车体现了他的脾气。【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到Para. 2第一句，该处讲到“他的汽车就成了他个性的延伸”，后面的句子讲到“毫无疑问，汽车常常显露出一个人最坏的品质（worst qualities）。”还讲到“他们所有隐藏的沮丧、失望和嫉妒似乎都在开车的过程中显露出来”。换言之，驾驶能展示一个人真正的自我，由此可以说是个性的延伸。比对选项，A选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“驾驶可以显示他性格的另一部分”，属于展现真正自我中的一部分，该选项以偏概全；C选项“驾驶能显示出他的性格”，属于展现真正自我的一部分，该选项属于以偏概全；D选项“他的汽车体现了他的脾气”，属于展现真正自我的一部分，该选项属于以偏概全。4. 【选项释义】Which of the followings is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents? 下面哪一项没有被提到作为一种预防交通事故的方法? A. Build more highways. A. 修建更多的公路。B. Stricter driving tests. B. 更严格的驾驶考试。C. Test drivers every three years. C. 每三年对司机进行一次测试。D. Raise age limit and lay down safety specifications. D. 提高年龄限制，制定安全规范。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息词a way against traffic accidents可定位到Para. 4第五句，该处讲到“驾驶考试应该标准化，难度要比现在高得多”，即更严格的驾驶考试；还讲到“所有的司机应该每三年左右参加一次考试”；和“年轻人可以驾驶任何车辆的年龄应该提高到至少21岁”。比对选项，B、C、D都提到了，A没有提到。【干扰项排除】B选项“更严格的驾驶考试”、C选项“每三年对司机进行一次测试”以及D选项“提高年龄限制，制定安全规范”通过解题思路可知都是文章中被提到作为一种预防交通事故的方法，和题干相悖，属于反向干扰。5. 【选项释义】The attitude of the author is_. 作者的态度是_。A. ironical A. 讽刺的B. critical B. 批评的C. appealing C. 恳求的D. militant D. 好战的【考查点】观点态度题。【解题思路】文中先是指出交通事故的产生越来越多，然后指出交通事故的原因，最后对各国宽松的交通法律进行批评。综合来看，作者的态度是批评的。【干扰项排除】A选项“讽刺的”，C选项“恳求的”，D选项“好战的”都属于无中生有。9. 单选题During their first teacher training year, the students often visited local schools for the _ of lessons.问题1选项A.observationB.investigationC.inspectionD.examination【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. observation观察；监视 B. investigation调查；调查研究C. inspection视察；检查 D. examination考试；检查【考查点】形近词辨析。【解题思路】根据句意，在他们第一年教师实习中，学生经常去学校参加培训。培训的内容就是观察老师如何上课。因此A选项 observation“观察”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B选项investigation多指（正式的）调查，侦查; 科学研究; 学术研究；C选项inspection多指工厂、学校的检查；D选项examination多指考试测试。【句意】在他们的第一个教师培训年，学生们经常去当地学校观察课程。10. 单选题Obviously, there is a(n) _ that management only wants to cut costs.问题1选项A.concentrationB.ambiguityC.perceptionD.facility【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. concentration 专心；集合 B. ambiguity 含糊；不明确C. perception 认识能力；知觉；看法 D. facility 设施；设备【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据句子结构可知空格后that management only wants to cut costs（管理层只想削减成本）为同位语从句，解释说明空格的内容，“管理层只想削减成本”这是一种看法。C. perception“看法”符合语境。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均不符合语境。【句意】有一种看法认为，管理层只想削减成本。11. 单选题They asked us to come to their party but we（ ）the invitation.问题1选项A.rejectedB.refusedC.declinedD.spurn【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。reject“拒绝，指断然拒绝接受某人，某物”；refuse“拒绝，回绝”；decline“拒绝，通常指有礼貌地婉拒”；spurn“藐视，唾弃”。句意：他们邀请我们去参加他们的聚会，但是我们婉拒了。由题干语境可知拒绝参加聚会应该是婉言拒绝。故C项正确。12. 单选题Although these states and their people are_, they share the common goal of economic development.问题1选项A.controversialB.involvedC.diverseD.visible【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. controversial有争议的；有争论的 B. involved有关的；卷入的；复杂的C. diverse不同的；多样化的 D. visible明显的；看得见的；现有的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据“共同目标（common goal）”可知：这些地区经济发展的目标相同。空格处的从句用although连接，表示尽管。这句话的意思为尽管这些地区和人所以空格处应该填一个与后面“相同”的反义词表示转折。综上所述，C选项diverse“不同的；多样化的”可引申为此句所需的逻辑“不同的”以满足上述条件。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】尽管这些国家及其人民各不相同，但他们都有共同的经济发展目标。13. 单选题By 1914, ten of the Western states had granted women the right to vote, but（ ）.问题1选项A.only one in the EastB.only one eastern stateC.in the East only one state didD.only one in the East had【答案】A【解析】考查语法。前后句子的谓语相同，故后半句的谓语部分可省略。句意：到1914年，西部的十个州已经赋予妇女投票权，但是东部只有一个州的妇女有投票权。故A项正确。14. 单选题（ ）on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite.问题1选项A.If walkingB.WalkingC.While walkingD.When one is walking【答案】D【解析】考查语法。此句中的主句的主语为mountains，所以逻辑主语和主句主语应不同。故排除A、B、C三项。D项正确。句意：当一个人在晴朗的天气散步时，远离城市喧嚣，山脉会给他一种无限感。15. 单选题He failed to（ ）himself to the new environment.问题1选项A.adoptB.adaptC.attachD.abduct【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。adopt“采用，收养”；adapt“适应”；attach“使联系，使依附”；abduct“绑架，诱拐”。句意：他不能适应新环境。B项符合题意。16. 单选题Generally, it is only when animals are trapped that they _ to violence in order to escape.问题1选项A.proceedB.appealC.resortD.incline【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. proceed 开始；继续进行 B. appeal 呼吁；恳求C. resort 诉诸；采取 D. incline 倾向于【考察点】词组辨析【解题思路】句意为只有动物在被困住的时候，它们才会采取暴力措施来逃走。C选项resort接to表采取的意思，符合句意。【干扰项排除】A选项proceed to继续下去；B选项appeal to呼吁；上诉；要求；对有吸引力；D选项incline to倾向于。Incline to更多指具有什么倾向。但是该题目应该选采取暴力措施。因为题意为动物们已经被困住了；以上选项均不符合句意。【句意】一般来说，只有当动物被困住时，它们才会采取暴力措施以逃脱。17. 单选题The material（ ）the apparatus is made is a good nonconductor of heat.问题1选项A.with whichB.of whichC.from whichD.with what【答案】B【解析】考查语法。be made of sth“由组成”。故B项正确。句意：制造这种仪器的材料是一种很好的热绝缘体。故B项正确。18. 单选题The person who（ ）this type of research deserves our praise.问题1选项A.originatedB.manufacturedC.generatedD.estimated【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。originate“引起，创作”；manufacture“制造，加工”；generate“生成，使发生”；estimate“估计，判断”。句意：发起这项研究的人值得赞扬。只有A项符合题意。19. 写作题The graphs below show the change of infant mortality and life expectancy in a country. Write an essay of 200 words. Your essay must be based on the instructions as follows:1. Describe the graphs2. Give some reasons3. Predict the future infant mortality【答案】略20. 单选题Why do we still sunbathe when we know the dangers of _ our skin to the sun?问题1选项A.removingB.exposingC.revealingD.rescuing【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. removing 去除；移动 B. exposing 暴露C. revealing 揭示 D. rescuing拯救【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】由空格后内容our skin to the sun，结合逻辑关系，皮肤应该是被暴露在阳光下。B符合逻辑。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】既然我们知道把皮肤暴露在阳光下是危险的，为什么还要日光浴呢?