2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考前模拟强化练习题75（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Marc Hooper, not long promoted to CEO of confectionery giant Spartan Ketley(SK), is very different from his predecessors. He is a corporate lawyer by training, and his background has clearly shaped his management style. He was taught that no work should go unchecked and that no statement can go out without everything being fully defined. ”The legal world teaches you to think in a synthetic way, to take contrasting ideas and thread them together to form a strategy Hooper, with little marketing experience, was not at the top of market observers lists for the job. But here he is, just over a year into the role and seemingly on top of things.Educated at Harvard University, Hooper started his career with well-known New York consultants Cox & Leight(C&L), and became a specialist in mergers and acquisitions. It was a tremendous training ground and I could have stayed in mergers and acquisitions I found the work interesting. But another opportunity presented itself: SK offered him a job as general advisor. Hooper knew SK well because C&L was its main New York consultancy firm and Hooper looked after its account.Hooper liked SK and when they came calling, several factors weighed on his mind. “I admired SK and thought it would be a great place to work. C&L had told me I was only five years through a ten-year journey to become a partner. Also, for three years in a row my pay at C&L had stayed the same. Finally, I was working very long hours in a large, impersonal office and it seemed like an intelligent lifestyle decision to take a job with a different company.Hooper became established at SK, and soon felt ready for a higher position, but was told that no one could get on at SK unless they had been in sales and marketing. I had to make a move, “says Hooper.” I took a risk; I became head of marketing in Europe. In fact, this was a sideways move-not for more money but to add to his knowledge and to further his career. The first challenge was that he found himself in charge of 25 bright young marketing people. “I had to work hard to keep up,” he admits.Throughout, he has remained focused, his eye always on the main prize. His elevation to CEO, he says, is proof of SKS inclusiveness. “We are always open to people with fresh ideas, as CEO I support anyone who is willing to take a chance and who wants to stretch themselves. If you are keen to develop and prove you can succeed, this company will provide the challenge you need.” And in line with this philosophy, Hooper is not an autocratic leader his style is to consult, to seek advice, then to act.1. The choice of Mare Hooper as Spartan Ketleys CEO was surprising because _.2. What does Hooper say about his first job?3. One of the reasons for Hooper leaving Cox and Leight was _.4. After some time at Spartan Ketley, Hooper changed departments because _.5. Hooper says that his policy as CEO is to _.问题1选项A.he knew more about law than marketingB.he had little experience of strategic planningC.he had been with the company for a short timeD.he intended to take the company in a different direction问题2选项A.He regarded the job as a means to a more interesting careerB.He gained useful skills while he was with the company.C.He found that his education prepared him well for the job.D.He enjoyed working for such a prestigious company.问题3选项A.he had no chance of becoming a partnerB.he was not happy with the working conditionsC.he wanted to move to a workplace in a different area.D.he felt it was important to change jobs every few years问题4选项A.he did not find his current job financially rewarding enoughB.he wanted to have experience of working in EuropeC.it was an opportunity to work with young peopleD.it improved his chances of promotion问题5选项A.develop a sense of competition within his workforceB.train people to become proficient in a wide range of skillsC.hire staff who are not afraid to make important decisionsD.encourage employees to be innovative in their approach to work【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第一段The legal world teaches you to think in a synthetic way, to take contrasting ideas and thread them together to form a strategy Hooper, with little marketing experience, was not at the top of market observers lists for the job.（法律世界教会你以一种综合的方式思考，将不同的观点结合在一起，形成一个战略Hooper，因为几乎没有营销经验，所以不是市场观察人士对该工作的首选。）A选项“他的法律知识比市场营销知识多”，文章第一段提到，他是一位企业律师，并且没有营销策略，因此A选项正确。B选项“他几乎没有战略规划的经验”，文章只是说他没有营销策略，因此B选项可排除。C选项“他在公司待了一段时间”，这并不能成为马瑞胡珀担任首席执行官令人惊讶的原因，可排除C选项。D选项“他打算使公司朝着不同的方向发展”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除D选项。因此A选项为正确答案。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中第四句It was a tremendous training ground and I could have stayed in mergers and acquisitions I found the work interesting.（那是一个巨大的训练场地，我本可以继续从事并购工作，我发现那份工作很有趣。）选项A“他把这份工作看作是通向更有趣的事业一种手段”，符合文章内容，他认为这份工作很有趣，A选项正确。选项B“他在公司期间获得了有用的技能”，文章并没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“他发现他所受的教育使他能胜任这项工作”，文章并没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“他很喜欢在如此著名的公司工作”，文章没有提到这个内容，都可排除。因此A选项为正确答案。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第三段第三句 C&L had told me I was only five years through a ten-year journey to become a partner.（C&L曾告诉我，我要经过10年的努力才能成为合伙人。）因此可推测，Hooper所在公司的晋升条件过高。B选项“他对工作条件不满意”，符合题意，B选项正确。A选项“他没有机会成为合伙人”，这里说他十年努力能够成为合伙人，因此A选项排除。C选项“他想搬到一个不同地区的工作场所”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“他觉得每隔几年换一份工作很重要”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此B选项为正确答案。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到倒数第二段第五句In fact, this was a sideways move-not for more money but to add to his knowledge and to further his career.（事实上，这是一种横向移动不是为了更多的钱，而是为了增加他的知识和进一步发展他的事业），由此可推测，他是为了一个好的事业，才选择换部门。D选项“这增加了他晋升的机会”，符合文章内容，D选项正确。A选项“他觉得目前的工作在经济上的回报不够”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。B选项“他想有在欧洲工作的经验”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“这是一个和年轻人一起工作的机会”，文章只是说他要努力工作才能赶上年轻人，可排除C选项。因此D选项为正确答案。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第四句as CEO I support anyone who is willing to take a chance and who wants to stretch themselves.（作为首席执行官，我支持任何愿意碰碰运气、想拓展自己的人。因此可推测Hooper作为首席执行官，会鼓励员工拓展自己，革新自己。）D选项“鼓励员工在工作方式上创新”，符合文章内容，D选项正确。A选项“在员工中培养竞争意识”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。B选项“培训人们，使他们精通各种技能”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“雇佣那些敢于做出重要决定的员工”，文章所说“如果你渴望发展并证明你能成功，本公司将提供你所需要的挑战”，因此C选项不符合句意，可排除。因此D选项为正确答案。2. 单选题First the good news: 9 in 10 people said they were satisfied with their jobs or work that they do-and that remained steady throughout 2008, despite the economy. And now the bad, even if its not so surprising: The number of people who said their employer reduced the size of the workforce rose dramatically during the year, from 15% in the first quarter to 23% in the fourth quarter.Thats according to a survey from Gallup and health management company Healthways. Nearly each day in 2008, about 1,000 adults were asked about their physical, emotional, economic and workplace well-being. When it came to their work environment, many of the 355,334 people surveyed by phone were positive. But there were some labor pains.Just 47% of respondents from Hawaii said they were satisfied with their jobs, used their strengths at work, were treated by a supervisor as a partner and worked in an “open, trusting environment”. That was the lowest score of any state on a work environment index that was compiled by calculating positive responses in those four areas. Utah nabbed top honors, with 59% of its respondents saying those four elements were prevalent in work lives. Among the biggest differences between Utah and Hawaii: 73% of Utah respondents said their supervisor created a trusting environment, while only 58% of folks in Hawaii felt that way. The national average was 65%. The GallupHealthways AHIP Congressional Report didnt offer any insights into why Utah ruled and Hawaii ranked so poorly on the workplace front.Hawaiis residents took the No.1 slot in another two survey areas, emotional health and living conditions. “Maybe having a job while youre in paradise may not be all that great,” says Jim Harter, a chief scientist of workplace and well-being at Gallup.Utah has done well in separate workplace studies, as well. After considering factors such as unemployment rate, job growth, income growth, median household income and the cost of living, Moodys E named its capital, Salt Lake City, the best U.S. city to work in for 2007 and 2008. But those glory days have faded, says Gus Faucher, Moodys E director of macroeconomics. Utahs housing boom turned into a bust later than most states. The national recession began in December 2007, according to the National Bureau of Economic Research. Salt Lake Citys recession began in November 2008, according to Moodys E.From a non-economic angle, Faucher says he can see why Utah would earn strong marks on the work front. “The state is really Mormon, so there is a sense of solidarity” among many employees, he says. “People feel very connected to each other.” Also, with its high birth rate, Utah has a robust population of younger employees who often add enthusiasm to the workplace, Faucher says. Thats the case at the Wasatch Music Coaching Academy in Salt Lake City, school owner David Murphy says. Most instructors are between 22 and 35 years old and are extremely passionate and excited about teaching students, he says. Murphy, 52, who says he has a “dream” job, takes a collaborative approach in managing all staffers, “I see myself working side by side with my staff, not over my staff.”1. What can we infer from the first two paragraphs?2. From Paragraph 4, we can infer all of the following EXCEPT that _.3. The author mentions several factors that will affect the happiness of people EXCEPT: _.4. Which of the following is correct according to the passage?5. Why could Utah earn strong marks on the work front?问题1选项A.The economy of 2008 was still steady.B.More people had to change their jobs.C.From Jan. to Apr., about 54,000 people lost their jobs.D.Most of the people surveyed felt hopeless.问题2选项A.Hawaiis residents may feel more relaxedB.the word “paradise” may refer to HawaiiC.people may prefer living in Hawaii to working thereD.Jim Harter may be a scientist in Hawaii问题3选项A.Physical healthB.Psychological conditionC.Places they come fromD.Working environment问题4选项A.Salt Lake City is the best place to work in forever.B.Utahs economy never encountered recession.C.Hawaii is a best place for entertainment and work.D.Many cities in the United States have encountered economic depression.问题5选项A.The sense of solidarity and passions of young employees.B.Good regulations set by the government.C.Favorite climate.D.Good geographical location.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。A选项“2008年的经济保持稳定”，可以定位到文章第一段第一句9 in 10 people said they were satisfied with their jobs or work that they do-and that remained steady throughout 2008.（90%的人说他们对自己的工作或目前的工作感到满意，而且在整个2008年这一比例都保持稳定），2008年，90%对工作满意度呈平稳趋势，可排除A选项。B选项“更多的人不得不换工作”，可以定位到文章第一段最后一句The number of people who said their employer reduced the size of the workforce rose dramatically during the year, from 15% in the first quarter to 23% in the fourth quarter.（今年，声称雇主裁员的人数大幅上升，从第一季度的15%上升到第四季度的23%），雇主削减了劳动力规模的人数在今年大幅上升，可以推测更多的人不得不更换工作，B选项正确。C选项“从1月到4月，大约有54000人失业”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“大多数接受调查的人感到绝望”，文章提到许多人对工作环境持肯定态度，因此大多数人不会感到绝望，可排除D选项。因此B选项正确。2.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干我们可以定位到文章第四段。D选项“吉姆哈特可能是夏威夷的科学家”，文章第四段没有提到此内容，D选项正确。A选项“夏威夷的居民可能会感到更放松”，可以定位到第四段第一句Hawaiis residents took the No.1 slot in another two survey areas, emotional health and living conditions.（夏威夷居民在情绪健康和生活条件这两个调查领域也名列榜首），文章所说夏威夷居民在情绪健康和生活条件这两个调查领域也名列榜首，也就是夏威夷的居民会感到放松，A选项排除。B选项“天堂这个词可能指的是夏威夷”，可以定位到文章第四段第二句Maybe having a job while youre in paradise may not be all that great.（在天堂拥有一份工作可能不是那么地好），可以推测天堂也就是代指前面的夏威夷，B选项可排除。C选项“人们可能更喜欢住在夏威夷而不是在那里工作”，可以定位到文章第四段第二句Maybe having a job while youre in paradise may not be all that great.（在天堂拥有一份工作可能不是那么地好），也就是夏威夷不太适合工作，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。C选项“他们来自哪里”，文章没有提到，他们来自哪里会影响他们的幸福感，C选项正确。A选项“身体健康”，可以定位到第四段第一句Hawaiis residents took the No.1 slot in another two survey areas, emotional health and living conditions.（夏威夷居民在情绪健康和生活条件这两个调查领域也名列榜首），情绪健康和生活条件这两个调查领域也名列榜首，也就是身体健康会影响人们的幸福感，A选项可排除。B选项“心理状态”，心理状态会影响人们的幸福感，B选项可排除。D选项“工作环境”，可以定位到文章第三段第一句Just 47% of respondents from Hawaii said they were satisfied with their jobs, used their strengths at work, were treated by a supervisor as a partner and worked in an “open, trusting environment”（在夏威夷的受访者中，只有47%的人对自己的工作感到满意，在工作中发挥自己的优势，被上司视为合作伙伴，在一个“开放、信任的环境”中工作），文章提到在“开放、信任的环境”中工作，会对工作感到满意，人们的幸福感也就会提升，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】判断推理题。D选项“美国许多城市都遭遇了经济萧条”，文章倒数第二段倒数第二句The national recession began in December 2007, according to the National Bureau of Economic Research.（根据美国国家经济研究局的数据，这场全国性的衰退始于2007年12月），也就是美国经济经历了全国大萧条，D选项正确。A选项“盐湖城永远是最好的工作场所”，文章倒数第二段第五句Salt Lake City, the best U.S. city to work in for 2007（盐湖城评为2007年美国最适宜工作的城市），没有提到是永远适宜工作的地点，A选项可排除。B选项“犹他州的经济从未遭遇过衰退”，可以定位到文章倒数第二段倒数第三句Utahs housing boom turned into a bust later than most states.（犹他州的房地产泡沫破灭的时间比大多数州都晚），但并不是从没有经历衰退，B选项可排除。C选项“夏威夷是娱乐和工作的最佳场所”，可以定位到文章第四段第二句Maybe having a job while youre in paradise may not be all that great.（在天堂拥有一份工作可能不是那么地好），可推测夏威夷可能不太适合工作，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。通过题干我们可以定位到文章最后一段第四句Also, with its high birth rate, Utah has a robust population of younger employees who often add enthusiasm to the workplace（此外，由于犹他州的高出生率，年轻员工的数量也非常多，他们经常为工作增添热情），这也就是犹他州能够获得高分的原因。A选项“年轻员工的团结感和激情”符合文章内容，A选项正确。B选项“政府制定的良好规章制度”，文中没有提到此内容，B选项可排除。C选项“最喜欢的气候”，气候并不是造成犹他州取得高分的原因，C选项可排除。D选项“地理位置优越”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此A选项正确。3. 单选题Ideas about “spoiling” children haw always involved consideration of just what is a spoiled child, how does spoiling occur, and what are the consequences of spoiling. They have always included concepts of a childs nature and concepts of the ideal child and the ideal adults.The many mothers of 1820 who belonged to the early “maternal associations” struggled to uphold the ideas about child raising that had been prevalent in the eighteenth century. They had always been told that the spoiled child stood in danger of having trouble later in life (when exposed to all the temptation of the world) and, more importantly, stood in danger of spiritual ruin.At first, the only approach these mother knew was to “break the will” of the child. This approach, coming initially from the theology of Calvin, the French Protestant reformer, was inherited from the stern outlook of the Puritans. As one mother wrote “No child has ever been known, since the earliest period of the world, destitute of an evil disposition-however sweet it appears.” Infant depravity, by which was meant the childs impulses, could be curbed only by breaking the will so that the child submitted implicitly to parental guidance.In 1834, a mother described this technique: Upon the fathers order, her 16-month-old daughter had refused to say “Dear Mama”, so the toddler was alone in a room where she screamed wildly for ten minutes. After the ten minutes, the child was commanded again, and again she refused, so she was whipped and ordered again. This continued for four hours until the child finally obeyed. Parents commonly reported that after one such trial of “will”, the child became permanently submissive. In passing, we can note that knowledge about a childs “No” period might have moderated the disciplining of little children and the application of the proverb “Spare the rod and spoil the child.”By freeing the child from its evil nature, parents believed they could then guide the child into acquiring the right character traits, such as honesty, industriousness and sobriety. These moral principles fixed in the childs character, were to govern it throughout life, in a society where free enterprise, individual effort, and competition were believed to be the ruling forces.1. When the author talks about ideas considered in “the spoiling of children”, he does not include _.2. According to the article, the mothers of 1820 were determined to _.3. Calvin is mentioned in this article to show _.问题1选项A.the nature of a childB.attitudes of spoiled children when they become adultsC.reasons why spoiling occursD.consequences from spoiling a child问题2选项A.develop independence in their childrenB.avoid exposing their children to spiritual ruinC.broaden the experiences of their childrenD.set good examples of their children问题3选项A.the derivation of the stern outlook of the PuritansB.French influence in the discipline of childrenC.a dissenting view in the spoiling childrenD.how the reformation moderated the severe discipline【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段Ideas about “spoiling” children haw always involved consideration of just what is a spoiled child, how does spoiling occur, and what are the consequences of spoiling. They have always included concepts of a childs nature and concepts of the ideal child and the ideal adults.（关于“溺爱”孩子的观点总是涉及到什么是被宠坏的孩子，溺爱是如何发生的，溺爱的后果是什么。他们总是包括孩子的本性的概念和理想的孩子和理想的成人的概念）。B选项“被宠坏的孩子长大成人后的态度”，文章所说的是理想的成人的概念，B选项正确。A选项“孩子的天性”，文中提到孩子的天性，A选项可排除。C选项“发生溺爱的原因”，文章有所提到，C选项可排除。D选项“溺爱孩子的后果”，在文章中有所体现，D选项可排除。因此B选项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。我们可以定位到文章第二段最后一句They had always been told that the spoiled child stood in danger of having trouble later in life and, more importantly, stood in danger of spiritual ruin.（他们总是被告知，被宠坏的孩子在以后的生活中会有麻烦，更重要的是，有精神毁灭的危险）。B选项“避免让他们的孩子受到精神的毁灭”，文章所说，被宠坏的孩子会有精神毁灭的危险，可推测1820年的母亲会避免孩子受到精神毁灭，因此B选项正确。A选项“培养孩子的独立性”，文章没有提到这个内容，A选项可排除。C选项“拓宽孩子们的经历”，文章没有提到拓宽孩子的经历，C选项可排除。D选项“为孩子们树立好榜样”，文章没有提到为孩子树立榜样，D选项可排除。因此B选项正确。3.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干我们可以定位到文章第三段第二句This approach, coming initially from the theology of Calvin, the French Protestant reformer, was inherited from the stern outlook of the Puritans.（这种方法最初来自法国新教改革家加尔文的神学，继承了清教徒严厉的观点）。A选项“清教徒严厉观点的由来”，文章所说，加尔文的神学，继承了清教徒严厉观点的由来，因此A选项正确。B选项“法国对儿童管教的影响”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“对溺爱孩子的不同意见”，文章没有提到，加尔文的观点是对溺爱孩子对的不同意见，C选项可排除。D选项“宗教改革是如何缓和严格的纪律的”，文章并没有提到宗教改革，D选项可排除。因此A选项正确。4. 翻译题(1) Cultural norms so completely surround people, so permeate thought and action that we never recognize the assumptions cm which their lives and their sanity rest. As one observer put it, if birds were suddenly endowed with scientific curiosity they might examine many things, but the sky itself would be overlooked as a suitable subject: if fish were to become curious about the world, it would never occur to them to begin by investigating water. (2) For birds and fish would take the sky and sea for granted, unaware of their profound influence because they comprise the medium for every fact. Human beings, in a similarly way, occupy a symbolic universe governed by codes that are unconsciously acquired and automatically employed. So much so that they rarely notice that the ways they interpret and talk about events are distinctively different from the ways people conduct their affairs in other cultures.As long as people remain blind to the sources of their meanings, they are imprisoned within them. These cultural frames of reference are no less confining simply because they cannot be seen or touched. (3) Whether it is an individual neurosis that keeps an individual out of contact with his neighbors, or a collective neurosis that separates neighbors of different cultures, both are forms of blindness that limit what can be experienced and what can be learned from others.It would seem that everywhere people would desire to break out of the boundaries of their own experiential worlds. Their ability to react sensitively to a wider spectrum of events and peoples requires an overcoming of such cultural parochialism. But, in fact, few attain this broader vision. (4) Some, of course, have little opportunity for wider cultural experience, though this condition should change as the movement of accele