2022年考博英语-浙江工商大学考前模拟强化练习题66（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-浙江工商大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Great Britain used to be called empire on which sun never sets. But its naval force was almost（ ） during the attack.问题1选项A.annihilatedB.prohibitedC.diminishedD.empowered【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项annihilate“彻底消灭”；B选项prohibit“阻止，禁止”；C选项diminish“减少，缩小”；D选项empower“使自主；授权”。填入一个过去分词构成被动语态，But表示转折关系，由关键信息naval force“海军力量”可知annihilate“彻底消灭”的过去分词annihilated符合题意，句意为：英国曾经被称作日不落帝国。但它的海军力量几乎在进攻期间被彻底消灭。故答案选A。2. 单选题He was determined to sail around the world（ ）his illness and old age.问题1选项A.givenB.althoughC.despiteD.in spite【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查连词辨析。A选项given“考虑到”；B选项although“尽管、虽然”；C选项despite“即使、尽管”；D选项in spite要和of组成固定短语“虽然、尽管”，根据句中关键词“his illness and old age”和题干的句意，且已知despite后可跟名词短语或名词性短语，我们可以判断C选项用法正确且符合语境。3. 单选题Clark felt that his （ ）on one of the most dramatic medical experiments of all time was worth the suffering he underwent.问题1选项A.apprehensionB.appreciationC.presentationD.participation【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项apprehension“理解；拘捕；忧虑”；B选项appreciation“评价，鉴赏”；C选项presentation“赠送，授予；提供，显示；外观”；D选项participation“参加，参与”。四个单词形状相似。空格部分是宾语从句中的主语，on引导介词短语修饰主语，根据关键词“be worth是值得的”，可知空格部分单词意思是“参加”，句意为：克拉克认为他能参加一直以来最受人瞩目的医学实验，吃点苦也值得。选项D符合句子意思，为最佳答案。4. 单选题The phrase “a grief ago” （ ）from the conventional norm that we should put a period of time such as “five minutes” before “ago”.问题1选项A.deviatesB.disconnectsC.detachesD.distortes【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项deviate“使脱离，偏离”；B选项disconnect“拆开，使分离”；C选项detach“分离，派遣”；D选项distort“扭曲，变形”。根据句子的主语“phrase短语”和介词from，可知空格意思为“偏离”，四个选项中deviate from有“偏离”的意思，最符合空格意思，故正确答案选A。5. 单选题The negotiation between these two countries has yielded no result. A war is（ ）.问题1选项A.eminentB.imminentC.predominantD.dominant【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】名词辨析题。A选项eminent“杰出的”；B选项imminent“即将来临，迫近的”；C选项predominant“主要的、卓越的”；D选项dominant“显性的、占优势的”。题干第一句话的意思“两国间的谈判没产生结果”，后面可知“战争war”马上就要到了，空格部分形容词意思为“马上就要爆发的”，句意为：两国间的谈判没产生结果，战争一触即发。故选项B正确。6. 单选题 During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realties. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months. In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Todays families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner. During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen and newly fashionable health-saving plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance have jumped eightfold in just one generation. From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.1. Todays double-income families are at greater financial risk in that （ ）.2. As a result of President Bushs reform, retired people may have （ ）.3. According to the author, health-savings plans will （ ）.4. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that （ ）.5. Which of the following is the best title for this text?问题1选项A.the safety net they used to enjoy has disappearedB.their chances of being laid off have greatly increasedC.they are more vulnerable to changes in family economicsD.they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance问题2选项A.a higher sense of securityB.less secured paymentsC.less chance to investD.a guaranteed future问题3选项A.help reduce the cost of healthcareB.popularize among the middle classC.compensate for the reduced pensionsD.increase the families investment risk问题4选项A.financial risks tend to outweigh political risksB.the middle class may face greater political challengesC.financial problems may bring about political problemsD.financial responsibility is an indicator of political status问题5选项A.The Middle Class on the AlertB.The Middle Class on the CliffC.The Middle Class in ConflictD.The Middle Class in Ruins【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段“Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months. 现在，一份解雇通知书、一个糟糕的诊断，或者配偶的消失，都可能在几个月内把一个稳定的中产阶级家庭变成一个新的贫困家庭。”由此可知C选项“他们更容易受家庭经济情况变化的影响”正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第三段“For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. 在过去一年的大部分时间里，布什总统致力于将社会保障转变为储蓄账户模式，即退休人员将他们的大部分或所有有保障的收入用于根据投资回报进行交易。”由此可知B选项“不安全的薪酬”正确。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第三段“Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen and newly fashionable health-saving plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families future healthcare. 医疗保健的绝对成本和家庭承担的份额都上升了，而且新流行的医疗储蓄计划正从立法机构蔓延到沃尔玛员工，免赔额大大提高，家庭未来医疗保健的投资风险也增加了。”由此可知D选项“增加家庭的投资风险”正确。4.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章最后一段“The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind. 金融方面的影响已经开始，政治方面的影响可能也不远了。”由此可知C选项“经济问题可能会带来政治问题”正确。5.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。文章讲述美国中产阶级家庭已经被经济风险和新的现实所改变，面临着一系列危机，由此可判断B项“中产阶级在悬崖上”符合题意。7. 翻译题 Implicit in the above questions is the development of sourcing alternatives. In designing systems, the prudent manager has an alternative in mind, albeit an alternative that may not be a first choice, but one that will functionally substitute should a given procedure, supplier, or nation become temporarily unavailable. Specification should thus include the nature of relationships between the company and its suppliers, appropriate communication styles and linkages, and a clear statement of company philosophy and expectations for dealing with its own customers.【答案】 在上述问题中，寻找替代方案是不言而喻的。在设计系统时，谨慎的管理者脑海中会有一个备选方案，尽管这个备选方案不是首选，但是，如果指定的程序、供应商或供货国家暂时无法使用，这个方案将能顶替并起作用。因此，细则中应该说明公司与其供应商之间关系的性质，合适的沟通方式和联系方式，以及明确说明公司的理念和与本公司打交道的要求。8. 单选题Our army succeeded in （ ）the advancing enemy.问题1选项A.retrievingB.revengingC.resentingD.repelling【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项retrieve“检索，恢复”；B选项revenge“报复，替复仇”；C选项resent“怨恨，愤恨”；D选项repel“击退，抵制”。由关键词“our army”和“the advancing enemy前进的敌军”，可知空格部分意思可能为“击退，打退”，句意为：我军成功击退前进的敌军。选项D符合题意。9. 单选题Im sure he is up to the job （ ）he would give his mind to it.问题1选项A.if onlyB.untilC.in caseD.unless【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。A选项if only“如果”；B选项until“直到才”；C选项in case“万一”；D选项unless“除非”。根据从句意思“只要他用心，他是能胜任这份工作的”，可知空格部分表示意思是“假如，如果”，句意为：我相信只要他用心，他是能胜任这份工作的。故正确答案选A。10. 单选题He suggested that we put the scheme into effect, for it is quite（ ）.问题1选项A.probableB.sustainableC.eligibleD.feasible【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项probable“很可能的，可信的”；B选项sustainable“可忍受的”；C选项eligible“合格的，有资格当选的，符合条件的”；D选项feasible“可行的，可能的”。根据主句的意思“他建议我们把这个计划付诸实施”可知后面空格部分填入的形容词意思为“可行的”，句意为：他建议我们把这个计划付诸实施，因为它很可行。选项D符合句子意思。11. 单选题 Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points periods, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It also has had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents ones findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof. Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjects come directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions “What happened?” and “How did it happen?” have given way to the question “Why did it happen?” Prominent among the methods used to answer the question “Why” is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory. Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical contexts. Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. But this pragmatic use of psychology is not what psychohistorians intend. They are committed, not just to psychology in general, but to Freudian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a commitment to history as historians have always understood it. Psychohistory derives its “facts” not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made history, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in their lives, but from a view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by, all historians. And it violates the basic tenet of historical method: that historians be alert to the negative instances that would refute their theses. Psychohistorians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the “deepest” explanation of any event, that other explanations fall short of the truth. Psychohistory is not content to violate the discipline of history (in the sense of the proper mode of studying and writing about the past); it also violates the past itself. It denies to the past an integrity and will of its own, in which people acted out of a variety of motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes and effects. It imposes upon the past the same determinism that it imposes upon the present, thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity. Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances.1. Which of the following best states the main point of the text?2. The author mentions which of the following as a characteristic of the practice of psychohistorians?3. The author of the text suggests that psychohistorians view history primarily as（ ） .4. The author of the text puts the word “deepest” (Last Line, Paragraph 3) in quotation marks most probably in order to（ ） .5. In presenting her analysis, the author does all of the following EXCEPT （ ）.问题1选项A.The approach of psychohistorians to historical study is currently in vogue even though it lacks the rigor and verifiability of traditional historical method.B.Traditional historians can benefit from studying the techniques and findings of psychohistorians.C.Areas of sociological study such as childhood and work are of little interest to traditional historians.D.The psychological assessment of an individuals behavior and attitudes is more informative than the details of his or her daily life.问题2选项A.The lives of historical figures are presented in episodic rather than narrative form.B.Archives used by psychohistorians to gather material are not accessible to other scholars.C.Past and current events are all placed within the same deterministic diagram.D.Events in the adult life of a historical figure are seen to be more consequential than are those in the childhood of the figure.问题3选项A.a report of events, causes, and effects that is generally accepted by historians but which is, for the most part, unverifiableB.an episodic account that lacks cohesion because records of the role of childhood, work, and leisure in the lives of historical figures are rareC.an uncharted sea of seemingly unexplainable events that have meaning only when examined as discrete unitsD.a record of the way in which a closed set of immutable psychological laws seems to have shaped events问题4选项A.signal her reservations about the accuracy of psychohistorians claims for their workB.draw attention to a contradiction in the psychohistorians methodC.emphasize the major difference between the traditional historians method and that of psychohistoriansD.disassociate her opinion of the psychohistorians claims from her opinion of their method问题5选项A.make general statements without reference to specific examplesB.describe some of the criteria employed by traditional historiansC.question the adequacy of the psychohistorians interpretation of eventsD.point out inconsistencies in the psychohistorians application of their methods【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】主旨大意题。整篇文章主要讲了心理历史学家研究历史的方法特点和与传统历史研究的对比。因此选项A“心理历史学家的历史研究方法虽然缺乏传统历史方法的严谨性和可验证性，但目前仍是一种流行的研究方法。”符合题意。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章最后一段“Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances. 它不尊重过去的特殊性，而是将过去和现在的所有事件同化成一个单一的决定性图式，这个图式被假定在任何时候和任何情况下都是真实的。”由此可知C选项“过去和现在的事件都放置在同样的确定模式里”正确。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章最后一段“Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances. 它不尊重过去的特殊性，而是将过去和现在的所有事件同化成一个单一的决定性图式，这个图式被假定在任何时候和任何情况下都是真实的。” 由此可知D选项“一种封闭的、不可改变的心理法则似乎塑造了事件的记录”正确。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第三段“Psychohistorians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the deepest explanation of any event, that other explanations fall short of the truth. 心理历史学家相信他们自己的理论是绝对正确的，也相信他们的理论是对任何事件的最深刻的解释，其他的解释都不符合事实。”由此可知作者对心理历史学家关于他们工作的说法的准确性持保留态度。因此选项A正确。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。由最后一段中“Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances. 它不考虑过去的特殊性，而将所有过去和现在的事件并入一个单一的确定模式，而这种模式在所有的时间和情况下被假设是正确的。”对应知A项“在不提具体例子的情况下做总体的陈述”在文中有提及；由第三段中“And it violates the basic tenet of historical method: that historians be alert to the negative instances that would refute their theses. 且它违反了历史方法的基本原则，即历史学家应该留意将会否定他们论点的反面事例”知B项“描述了传统历史学家所使用的一些标准”在文中有提及；由第三段中“Psychohistorians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the deepest explanation of any event, that other explanations fall short of the truth. 心理历史学家确信自己理论的绝对正确，也确信他们的理论的解释是对任何事件的最深入的解释，从而也确信其他解释缺乏真理”知C项“质疑心理历史学家对事件解释的适当性”在文中有暗示性提及；由此知在文中没有提及的D项“指出心理历史学家在应用他们的方式上的不一致”正确。12. 单选题A: What are in the ladys suitcase are smuggled cigarettes.B:（ ） .问题1选项A.Such are the ones in her husbands suitcase.B.Such the ones in her husbands suitcase are.C.So the ones in her husbands suitcase are.D.So are the ones in her husbands suitcase.【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里考查so+系动词（助动词或情态动词）+另一主语。属于主谓倒装结构，表示前句所述情况，也同样适用于第二句的主语。意思是“他丈夫的手提箱里的也是”。so意思是“也如此，也这样”，句意为：女士手提箱中是走私香烟。他丈夫手提箱里的也是。正确答案选D。13. 单选题He （ ）his head, wondering how to solve the problem.问题1选项A.scratchedB.screwedC.scrapedD.scrapped【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项scratch“（用手）挠头”；B选项screw“用（螺丝钉）钉住”；C选项scrape“刮，擦”；D选项scrap“抛弃，废弃”，根据空格后面作宾语的关键词“head头”，可知这里填入的单词要符合句子语境意思“想着怎么解决这个问题”，故空格单词意思应该为“（用手）挠头”，句意为：他抓了抓头，想着怎么解决这个问题。选项A符合题意。14. 翻译题 假如预期实际油价的上涨幅度将超过替代资产的回报率，生产者会把石油留在地下不 开采。因此决定当前价格的，是预期的未来价格。最重要的推动因素是新兴国家（尤其是 中国）需求的预期增长情况，以及对替代能源供应的担忧。中国经济的迅速增长及其资源 高度密集型的增长方式，是最重要的因素。【答案】 Producers will leave oil in the ground if the rise in real oil prices is expected to be faster than the return on the alternative assets. What determines the current price then is the expected future price. The most important stimulations have been the prospective growth in the demand of emerging countries, particularly China, and gloom about alternative sources of supply. Chinas rapid and highly resource-intensive growth is the most important factor.15. 单选题 Today business cards are distributed with abandon by working people of all social classes, illustrating not only the ubiquity of commercial interests but also the fluidity of the world of trade. Whether one is buttonholing potential clients for a carpentry service, announcing ones latest academic appointment, or “networking” with fellow executives, it is permissible to advertise ones talents and availability by an outstretched hand and the statement “Heres my card.” As Robert Louis Stevenson once observed, everybody makes his living by selling something. Business cards facilitate this endeavor. It has not always been this way. The cards that we use today for commercial purposes are a vulgarization of the nineteenth-century social calling cards, an artifact with a quite different purpose. In the Gilded Age, possessing a calling card indicated not that you were interested in forming business relationships, but that your money was so old that you had no need to make a living. For the calling-card class, life was a continual round of social visits, and the protocol （礼仪） governing these visits was inextricably linked to the proper use of cards. Pick up any etiquette manual predating World War , and you will find whole chapters devoted to such questions as whether a single gentleman may leave a card for a lady; when a lady must, and must not, turn down the edges of a card; and whether an unmarried girl of between fourteen and seventeen may carry more than six or less than thirteen cards in her purse in months beginning with a“J”. The calling card system was especially cherished by those who made no distinction between manners and mere form, and its preciousness was well defined by Mrs. John Sherwood. Her 1887 manual called the card “the field mark and device” of civilization. The business version of the calling card came in around the turn of the century, when the formerly we