2022年考博英语-复旦大学考前模拟强化练习题94（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-复旦大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题She described the distribution of food and medical supplies as a（ ）nightmare.问题1选项A.paranoidB.putativeC.benignD.logistical【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。paranoid“像偏执狂的；患偏执狂的”；putative“推定的，假定的，被公认的”；benign“（气候）良好的，仁慈的，和蔼的”；logistical“逻辑的，运筹的；后勤方面的”。句意：她把食物分配和医疗供应描述成是一场后勤的噩梦。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题Analysts have had their go at humor, and I have read some of this interpretative literature, but without being greatly instructed. Humor can be dissected, as a frog can, but the thing dies in the process and the innards are discouraging to any but the pure scientific mind.In a newsreel theatre the other day I saw a picture of a man who had developed the soap bubble to a higher point than it had ever before reached. He had became the ace soap bubble blower of America, had perfected the business of blowing bubbles, refined it, doubled it, squared it, and had even worked himself up into a convenient lather. The effect was not pretty. Some of the bubbles were too big to be beautiful, and the blower was always jumping into them or out of them, or playing some sort of unattractive trick with them. It was, if anything, a rather repulsive sight. Humor is a little like that: it wont stand much blowing up, and it wont stand much poking. It has a certain fragility, an evasiveness, which one had best respect. Essentially, it is a complete mystery. A human frame convulsed with laughter, and the laughter becoming hysterical and uncontrollable, is as far out of balance as one shaken with the hiccoughs or in the throes of a sneezing fit.One of the things commonly said about humorists is that they are really very sad people clown with a breaking heart. There is some truth in it, but it is badly stated. It would be more accurate, I think, to say that there is a deep vein of melancholy running through everyones life and that the humorist, perhaps more sensible of it than some others, compensates for it actively and positively. Humorists fatten on trouble. They have always made trouble pay. They struggle along with a good will and endure pain cheerfully, knowing how well it will serve them in the sweet by and by. You find them wrestling with foreign languages, fighting folding ironing boards and swollen drainpipes, suffering the terrible discomfort of tight boots (or as Josh Billing wittily called them, “tite” boots). They pour out their sorrows profitably，in a form that is not quite fiction nor quite fact either. Beneath the sparkling surface of these dilemmas flows the strong tide of human woe.1.The central theme of this essay is:（ ）2.The main idea of Paragraph 2 is:（ ）3.Why does the author feel that when humor is dissected, it dies in the process?（ ）4.The word “melancholy” in Paragraph 3 probably means （ ）.5.In his final sentence, the author is evoking an image of （ ）.问题1选项A.There is little humor in old newsreel.B.Humor can be dissected like a frog.C.Humor is essentially a mystery, and because humorists are more aware of melancholy, they seem sadder than most people.D.Humorists need to compensate for the pain they have suffered.问题2选项A.The author once saw a picture of the largest soap bubble ever made.B.The bubble blowing performance was a repulsive sight.C.Humor is fragile.D.Laughter is not a measure of humor.问题3选项A.The fun in humor lies in examining its contents.B.Humor must tantalize the senses on impact if it has to be explained, it loses its effect.C.Humor is best enjoyed by people with scientific minds.D.A good humorist should explain his or her joke to make sure everyone understands it.问题4选项A.joyB.sadnessC.hysteriaD.exhilaration问题5选项A.the oceanB.sparkling germsC.high tideD.flowing water【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:B【解析】第1题:作者认为幽默是生活中的一部分。文章第一段提到了分析师分析幽默的行为。第二段举了吹肥皂泡的例子，引出幽默的本质。最后一段作者提到幽默家并不是真正的快乐。选项C符合题意。第2题:文章第二段以吹肥皂泡表演开始，接下来提到humor is a little like that, 幽默与吹肥皂泡相似：脆弱而又飘忽不定。作者还认为幽默就是一个谜（Essentially, it is a complete mystery）。选项C符合题意。第3题:文章第一段最后一句话提到Humor can be dissected, as a frog can, but the thing dies in the process and the innards are discouraging to any but the pure scientific mind，意思就是经过剖析后的幽默除了纯科学头脑，其他人只会变得沮丧。也就是说经过剖析后的幽默断然无存。选项B符合题意。第4题:题干出现在文章第三段第三句话，后面提到幽默家是靠烦恼致富的，他们能够从烦恼中获得补偿（Humorists fatten on trouble. They have always made trouble pay）。因此melancholy这个词应该是表示消极意思的词。选项B与trouble意思相近，所以符合题意。第5题:文章最后一句Beneath the sparkling surface of these dilemmas flows the strong tide of human woe “在光鲜亮丽的外表下，背后遭罪”，选项B符合题意。3. 单选题As is known to all, a vague law is always（ ） to different interpretations.问题1选项A.invulnerableB.immuneC.resistantD.susceptible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。invulnerable“不会受伤害的，无懈可击的”；immune“免疫的”；resistant“抵抗的，有抵抗力的”；susceptible“容许的；易受影响的”。句意：众所周知，一条含糊不清的法规总允许有不同的解释。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题Despite（ ） efforts by the finance minister, inflation rose to 36 points.问题1选项A.absurdB.grimyC.valiantD.fraudulent【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。absurd“不合理的，荒谬的，可笑的，愚蠢的”；grimy“污秽的”；valiant“勇敢的，英勇的”；fraudulent“欺诈的，欺骗的”。句意：尽管财政部长做了无畏的努力，通货膨胀还是上升到了36点。选项C符合题意。5. 单选题Although the false banknotes fooled many people, they did not（ ）to a close examination.问题1选项A.keep upB.put upC.stand upD.look up【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。keep up“保持，继续”；put up“举起，抬起”；stand up“坚持，经得起”；look up“查询，拜访”。句意：尽管假钞欺骗了很多人，但是它们经不住仔细检查。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题Suddenly the daily fear and uncertainty（ ）into full-scale terror, and the ship echoed with screams.问题1选项A.evaporatedB.escalatedC.evacuatedD.exaggerated【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。evaporate “蒸发，使脱水”；escalate “升级”；evacuate”疏散，撤出”；exaggerate“夸张，夸大”。句意：突然，平时的恐惧和不确定性升级为彻底的恐惧，船上回响着尖叫声。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题There was a group of demonstrators（ ）anti-government slogans in the square.问题1选项A.crowingB.chantingC.intoningD.crooning【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。crowing“啼叫”；chanting“喊叫，歌颂”；intoning“吟咏”；crooning“柔情低唱”。句意：一群游行示威者在广场上有节奏的高喊反政府的口号。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题Mississippi also upholds the Souths well-deserved reputation for warm, hospitable people；balmy year-round weather and truly（ ）cuisine.问题1选项A.destructiveB.horribleC.amiableD.delectable【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。destructive “破坏性的”；horrible “可怕的”；amiable “亲切的”； delectable “美味的”。空格处用来修饰cuisine （烹饪）这个单词，前文是讲密西西比为什么这么出名，所以选项D符合题意。9. 填空题A considerable amount of medical research is aimed at identifying risk factors for disease. The rationale behind this work is that where people are informed of their risk, they will happily change their behavior to lower that risk. （ 1 ）this is certainly a reasonable assumption, it turns out that things are not quite that simple and straightforward. First of all, health is not necessarily a top priority in everyones life and, for these people, changing behavior in the interests of health may interfere（ 2 ）other, more important matters. Second, the benefits to be derived （ 3 ） such changes rarely are immediate or obvious. Usually, improvements in health take place over long periods of time and are quite subtle. （ 4 ）, we are all so bombarded with information about the thousands of health hazards to which we are exposed （ 5 ） most of us “tune out” much of this information. This latter issue is compounded by the fact that much of new information to which we are exposed through the media is exaggerated and, as often as not, is contradicted later by even “newer” information. For these and other reasons, simply knowing about a risk does not necessarily ensure that people will take appropriate steps to（6）it.（7） when people want to change their behavior, this is not easy to do. For example, the overwhelming majority of smokers in this country want to quit, but （ 8 ） great effort very few are able to do so. Most smokers acknowledge, at some level, that health hazards associated with smoking and most wish that there were a simple and painless way to stop. （ 9 ） the number of people who want to lose weight is very large, but few of these people are able to do it and even（10）are able to maintain such weight losses.【答案】1.Although2.with3.from4.meanwhile5.to6.change7.even8.make9.and10.none【解析】1.考查前后逻辑关系。空格所处的句子后半句跟前半句有转折关系，所以应该填入转折连词。2.考查固定搭配。interfere“（利害、要求等）抵触，冲突”，常与with连用。3.考查固定搭配。be derived from是固定搭配，意思是“来自，从而产生出来的”。4.考查前后逻辑关系。空格所在的句子和前面的句子是并列关系，填入的词与后面用逗号隔开，meanwhile符合题意。5.考查固定搭配。be exposed to是固定搭配，意思是“暴露”。6.考查上下文语境。空格后面的it指的是“behavior”， 文章第二句、第四句都提到了change behavior， 所以空格处应该填change。7.考查前后逻辑关系。空格所在的句子与后半句this is not easy to do构成让步假设，所以even（即使）符合题意。8.考查固定搭配。make effort “做出努力”。9.考查前后逻辑关系。空格所在的句子举了减肥的例子佐证作者的观点，与前面的句子是并列的关系。所以and符合题意。10.考查上下文语义。句意：很多人想减肥，但是只有少数人能做到，甚至没有人能够坚持减肥。空格所处的句子需要一个主语，所以none符合题意。10. 单选题She said that the treatment she had received in the hospital has completely（ ） her as her dignity.问题1选项A.thrivedB.suspendedC.deprivedD.contrived【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。thrive “繁荣”；suspend “延缓，推迟”；deprive “使丧失，剥夺”；contrive “设计，发明”。句意：她说在医院接受的治疗完全剥夺了她的尊严。选项C符合题意。11. 单选题I spent most of my money in the first week and（ ）had very little to eat during the last few days of the holiday.问题1选项A.after allB.consequentlyC.otherwiseD.anyhow【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。after all“毕竟”；consequently“因此，结果”；otherwise“否则，不然”；anyhow“无论 如何，总之”。句意：我第一周就花掉了大部分的钱，因此在假期的最后几天只能吃一点点东西。选项B符合题意。12. 单选题I ignored an old woman who asked me for money in the street yesterday and its been on my （ ）ever since.问题1选项A.moralityB.conscienceC.moraleD.rationale【答案】B【解析】考查固定用法。on my conscience “我的良心受谴责”。句意：我无视了一个在街上向我借钱的老妇人，这让我的良心很不安。选项B符合题意。13. 翻译题我认为没有人不喜欢到处去看看：多看看他人，多阅他乡，不但可以认识世界，亦可认识自己。有人旅行时乘豪华游轮，谢灵运再世大概也会如此。有人背负行囊，翻山越岭；有人骑自行车环游天下。这些都令人羡慕。我所倾向的，却是驾车长征，去看天涯海角。我的太太比我更爱旅行，所以夫妻两人正好互做旅伴，这一点只怕徐霞客也要羡慕。不过徐霞客是大旅行家、大探险家，我们，只是浅游而已。【答案】In my mind, everybody loves to look around, meeting more people and visiting more places. They cannot only understand the world, but also recognize themselves. Some of them traveled by a cruise, and Xie Lingyun may be one of them if he would reincarnate. Some picked up the traveling bag across the mountains. Some traveled around the world by bike. All of these are enviable. I just prefer to drive a long journey and see the ends of the earth. My wife is fond of traveling than I, and therefore we two are traveling companion, which may be envied by Xu Xiake. But Xu is a great traveler and explorer. We only superficially travel. 14. 单选题In the wake of the Sept. 11 attacks, many Americans feel we may begin to see the erosion of some of our civil liberties. There is concern we may be subject to personal searches and increased monitoring of our activities, all in the name of safety and security. On the computing front, I would argue that we already have had to surrender many of our liberties to protect ourselves from computer viruses and other security breaches.As much as vendors and network administrators try to make scanning for viruses an unobtrusive process for the end user, we still are inconvenienced by the routines mandated by the guardians of our corporate computing security. However, inconvenience takes a back seat to the outright need for security. Viruses are more than inconvenient; they cause real damage. Computer Economics estimates the cost of virus attacks on information systems around the world, including cleanup costs and lost productivity, has already reached $10.7 billion so far this year. Compare that figure with $17.1 billion for all of 2000 and $12.1 billion for 1999.I know youre thinking: “Im only one person. How can I spend the necessary time to safeguard my company against viruses and security holes and still do my regular job?”Realistically, you cant. But there are resources to help you.Microsoft has just announced a new initiative called the Strategic Technology Protection Program. Among the services being offered are tree technical support related to viruses and a security tool kit that includes patches and service packs that address security vulnerabilities in Windows NT and 2000.The FBI and SANS Institute have just released their top 20 list of the most critical Internet security vulnerabilities. The majority of successful attacks on computer systems via the Internet can be traced to exploitation of security flaws on this list. Study the list at www.sans.org.The Center for Internet Security provides methods and tools to improve monitor and compare the security status of your Internet-connected systems. Find out how to benchmark your organizations status at wvw.cisecurity.org.Software vendors such as Network Associates, Symantec and Computer Associates have very informative virus resource centers. The Symantec Anti Virus Research Center (www.S avcenter) has an online newsletter and in-depth information about viruses. Likewise, the CA Virus Information Center offers tips on managing virus incidents and protecting messaging systems.Just like our national defense, the best protection against a debilitating virus attack is knowledge of the vulnerabilities and the means to plug the security holes. Be proactive and vigilant, and make use of the numerous resources at your disposal.1.The writer seems to feel that（ ）.2.The two figures $ 17.1 billion” and “ $ 12.1 billion” are mentioned for the readers to（ ）.3.To obtain detailed information about viruses，we can resort to（ ）.4.By simply checking the top 20 list， we may（ ）.5.A proper title for this passage might be（ ）.问题1选项A.the concern about the erosion of liberties is unnecessaryB.the routine scanning of viruses causes much inconvenience to end usersC.the need for computing security makes inconvenience tolerableD.liberty can be guaranteed only if security is achieved first问题2选项A.make sense of the damages that have been done so far this yearB.see the decrease of the cost of virus attacksC.calculate the cost of virus attacks for the year 2001D.pay more attention to anti-virus resources问题3选项A.the Strategic Technology Protection ProgramB.www.sans.orgC.www.cisecurity.orgD.www.S问题4选项A.obtain a picture of major successful attacks on computer systemsB.identify a possible security hole in our computer systemsC.improve the security status of our computer systemsD.protect our computer systems from virus attacks问题5选项A.The Aftermath of Sept. 11B.Liberty vs SecurityC.Strategies for Battling VirusD.Virus AttackAnother Form of Sept 11【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】第1题:文章第一段最后一句on the computing front，I would argue that we already have had to surrender many of our liberties to protect ourselves from computer viruses and other security breaches, 提到我们需要牺牲一些自由来免受电脑病毒和其他风险的威胁。选项D “有了安全才能有自由”符合题意。第2题:文章第二段提到病毒不仅仅让人们不方便，更严重的是导致了真正的损失。然后列举了有关清理病毒的费用，是为了强调病毒的破坏性。选项A符合题意。第3题:文章倒数第二段第二句话The Symantec Anti Virus Research Center (www. Symantec, com/ avcenter) has an online newsletter and in-depth information about viruses 提到了了解关于病毒的信息可以到网站上去找，选项D符合题意。第4题:文章第六段第二句The majority of successful attacks on computer systems via the Internet can be traced to exploitation of security flaws on this list 提到之所以这些系统会被病毒侵蚀是因为安全系统中存在漏洞，所以列出的名单中的网址都可能存在一些漏洞。选项B符合题意。第5题:文章主要是在讲述如何战胜电脑病毒，所以选项C符合题意。15. 单选题I am running down an alley with a stolen avocado, having climbed over a white brick fence and into the forbidden back yard of a carefully manicured estate at the comer of El Dorado and Crescent Drive in Beverly Hills, California.I have snatched a rock-hard Fuerte avocado from one of the three avocado trees near the fence.I have been told that many ferocious dogs patrol the grounds; they are killers, these dogs. I am defying them. They are nowhere to be found, except in my mind, and Im out and gone and in the alley with their growls directing my imagination. I am running with fear and exhilaration, beginning a period of summer.Emerging from the shield of the alley I cut out into the open. Summer is about running, and I am running protected by distance from the dogs. At the comer of Crescent Drive and Lomitas I spot Bobby Tomitzer on a bike. I shout “Tomitzer!” He turns his head. His bike wobbles. An automobile moving rapidly catches Tomitzers back wheel. Tomitzer is thrown high into the air and onto the concrete sidewalk of Crescent Drive. The driver，a woman with gray hair, swirls from the car hysterically and hovers noisily over Tomitzer, who will not survive the accident. I hold the avocado to my chest and stand, frozen, across the street. I am shivering in the heat, and sink to my knees. It is approximately 3:30 in the afternoon. It is June 21,1946. In seven days, I will be 8 years old.1.The best title for this story could be（ ）2.The main image in Paragraph 1 is of a young boy（ ）.3.The main image in Paragraph 2 is of（ ）.4.The story start with the feeling of（ ） ,and ends with the feeling of（ ）.5.The phrase “shivering in the heat”( near the end of this passage) dramatically describes shock through （ ）.问题1选项A.SummerB.Killer DogsC.My Eighth BirthdayD.The Alley问题2选项A.climbing a white brick fencesB.snatching avocadosC.running with fear and exhilarationD.defying ferocious dogs问题3选项A.Tomitzer riding his bikeB.exhilaration turning into horrorC.the 7-year-old emerging from the alleyD.the hysteria of the woman driver问题4选项A.joyful action. horrified inactionB.running . standingC.being alone. being with othersD.being alone in the open. shivering in the heat问题5选项A.the use of minute detailB.the unexpected combination of hot and coldC.its implied reference to the word “frozen”D.the contrast of death and play【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】第1题:文章讲述的是作者在夏天偷牛油果的事，选项A符合题意。第2题:文章第一段第一句话提到小男孩偷牛油果(a stolen avocado)。选项B符合题意。第3题:文章第二段讲述了小男孩偷完牛油果往回走，在路上看见Tomitzer在骑自行车，很高兴地喊他，但是他在回头的时候，被汽车撞死了。见到此情此景，小男孩I hold the avocado to my chest and stand, frozen, across the street.说明小男孩内心很害怕。这一段主要讲述了小男孩由偷牛油果的兴奋到间接害死朋友的恐惧心理。选项B符合题意。第4题:根据上题，可知选项A符合题意。第5题:由上下文可知，小男孩在成功偷取牛油果后是非常开心的，但是当Tomitzer因为他而死了的时候他感觉很害怕。这个短语用来描述死亡与玩耍的对比，选项D符合题意。16. 单选题They both watched as the crime scene technicians took samples of various fibers and bagged them, dusted for fingerprints, took pictures and tried to（ ）what could have happened.问题1选项A.rehearseB.reiterateC.reinforceD.reenact【答案】D【解析】考查形似词辨析。rehearse “排练”； reiterate “重申”；reinforce “增强”；reenact “重新定制，再扮演”。句意：他们俩都注视着犯罪现场技术人员对各种纤维取样、装袋、去除灰尘、提取指纹、拍照，并且试图重现当时发生的事情。选项D符合题意。17. 单选题The young man was at the_ of his career when he was killed in a car accident.问题1选项A.zenithB.glamourC.bloomD.blossom【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。zenith“鼎盛时期”；glamour“魅力”；bloom“开花”；blossom“开花期”。句意：这个年轻人处在事业鼎盛时期，当他死于一场交通事故的时候。选项A符合题意。18. 单选题The top executives were accused of telling half-truths and even （ ） lies about the companys financial conditions.问题1选项A.down-to-earthB.uprightC.downrightD.actual【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。down-to-earth“切合实际的，现实的”；upright“正直的；诚实的”；downright“明白的；直率的”；actual“真实的，实际的”。句意：高管层被控告在关于公司财政状况上说半真半假的话，甚至完全在说谎。选项C符合题意。19. 单选题He built a hut on a piece of rough land hear a rock fall. In the wet season there was a plentiful stream, and over the years he encouraged the dry forest to surround him with a thick screen. The greener it became the easier it was to forget the outside. In time Melio (not without some terrible mistakes) learnt how to live in spite of the difficulties up on that mountain shelf.His only neighbors were a family group of Parakana