2022高考英语专题巩固练习 定语从句（含解析）

2022高考英语专题巩固练习 定语从句（含解析）一、单选题1.It is a luxury in such circumstances to expect individual attention, especially in classes students in the back rows can hardly see the blackboard. A.thatB.whereC.whenD.which2.School violence is increasing in primary and middle schools across the country, _causes are difficult to find sometimes. A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whose3.He is a man of great experience much can be learned. A.whoB.thatC.from whichD.from whom4.We really appreciate our learning environment, _ we can have direct munication. A.whomB.whichC.whereD.when5.American women usually identify their best friends as someone _ they can talk frequently. A.whoB.asC.about whichD.with whom6.Anyone has a dog as a pet will tell you a dog means to a family. A.which; whatB.who; whyC.who; whatD.which; why7._ has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules. A.AsB.ItC.ThatD.Which8.Mr. Johnsons son _ lives in Chicago is a doctor. A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which9.Have you heard that our primary school will be torn down next year?Really? I suppose it is such bad news _ most of its former and present students will feel upset about. A.thatB.whichC.asD.what10.This is an unpleasant subject _ we might argue for a long while. A.in whichB.with themC.about whichD.with it11.The book was written in 1946, _ the education system has witnessed great changes. A.whenB.during whichC.since thenD.since when12.Last week,only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. A.none of themB.both of themC.none of whomD.neither of whom13.Thismodernhotel,_thevisitorscanenjoythebestserviceinthecity,is_Marystayedlasttime. A.which；whatB.in which；whereC.that；whichD.where；in which14.We are at a stage _ its still too early to say whether the newly-elected president will bring hope to the US. A.thatB.whereC.whichD.不填15.Many countries are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be protected. A.whenB.whichC.whoseD.where16.With the fast development of agriculture, the people, in _ village she taught 10 years ago, have lived a happy life. A.whomB.whoseC.whichD.who17.We climbed up to the top of a hill, we got a good view of the whole forest park. A.whichB.whereC.whenD.that18.Not far from the club, there was a garden, _ owner was seated in it playing cards with his children every afternoon. A.itsB.of whichC.whichD.whose19.Thats the new machine parts are too small to be seen. A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what20.There are two buildings,_ stands nearly a hundred feet high. A.the largerB.the larger of themC.the larger one thatD.the larger of which21.He stayed there for quite a long time, during_ time he learned much spoken English. A.thatB.thisC.whichD.the same22.Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position. A.thatB.whichC.asD.what23.It rained this morning, _ actually didnt bother me because I like walking in the rain. A.whatB.whenC.whereD.which24.The puter, help we human beings have stepped into the information age, should be regarded as one of the most important inventions in the 20th century. A.whichB.whose C.with itsD.with whose25.They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _were carried out in their work. A.whichB.themC.thatD.what26.She is looking forward to the day her daughter wins the gold medal in the Olympics. A.howB.whichC.whenD.where27.Many children parents had died in the earthquake were well looked after by the villagers. A.whoB.whomC.thatD.whose二、语法填空28.But the one million people of the city, _ thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. 29.Some people _ are successful language learners often fail in other fields. 30.I have found the very shop _ has everything we need. 31.语法填空 There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical munity (医学界)_a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side _(effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical munity was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required _(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt_(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As _result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even_(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food _(be) full of fat and salt; by_(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be_(care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,_is not good for the health. 32.Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live. 33.The film was _ great success, _ received several awards at home and abroad. 34.He wrote many childrens books, nearly half of_ were published in the 1990s. 35.Nobody wants the house _roof has fallen in. 36.She studied at Peking University, after _ she went on to have her further study abroad. 37.The sun heats the earth, _makes it possible for plants to grow. 答案解析部分一、单选题1.【答案】B 【考点】关系副词引导定语从句的用法 【解析】【分析】句意：在这种情况下，在这样的氛围中期望个人的注意力保持是一种奢侈，尤其是在后排学生几乎看不见黑板的课堂上。in classes students in the back rows can hardly see the blackboard. 分析本句可知，先行词是classes，在从句中作状语，放在从句中应该是students in the back rows can hardly see the blackboard in the class ， 因此可以用in which=where，因此选B。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词where引导的限制性定语从句。2.【答案】D 【考点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法 【解析】【分析】句意：校园暴力在遍及全国的中小学校都在增加，有时，很难找到它的原因。这里考察定语从句，很难找到的是“校园暴力的原因”，故用关系代词whose引导。选D。【点评】考查引导定语从句的关系词。3.【答案】D 【考点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法 【解析】【分析】考查定语从句的介词+关系代词。对后面从句还原为正常语序应为One can learn much from him. 由此可知，此处介词from必不可少，而him对应的关系代词应为whom。句意:他是一个经验丰富的人，从他身上可以学到很多东西。故选D。4.【答案】C 【考点】非限制性定语从句 【解析】【分析】句意：我们非常感激我们的学习环境，在那里我们可以直接交流。learning environment是先行词指物，排除A和D；先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导，排除B，故答案选C.【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句的应用。5.【答案】D 【考点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法 【解析】【分析】句意：美国妇女通常把她们能够与之经常交谈的人看作她们的好朋友。将先行词someone带入定语从句为：they can talk frequently with someone, with是介词，其后接指人的关系词要用whom，故选D。6.【答案】C 【考点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法，宾语从句的连接词 【解析】【分析】句意：任何有狗当宠物的人都会告诉你狗对家庭的意义。 has a dog as a pet 是一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词anyone，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who； a dog means to a family.是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作means的宾语，故用what，所以选C。【点评】考查定语从句和宾语从句，本题涉及who引导的限制性定语从句和what引导的宾语从句的应用。7.【答案】A 【考点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法 【解析】【分析】句意：正如已经指出的，语法不是一套死规则。as引导非限制性定语从句，代替后面的一句话。8.【答案】A 【考点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法 【解析】【分析】句意：住在芝加哥的Mr. Johnson的儿子是一名医生。此处是定语从句，先行词是Mr. Johnsons son，_ lives in Chicago是定语从句，先行词在定语从句中做主语，故选A。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词who引导的限制性定语从句。9.【答案】C 【考点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法 【解析】【分析】考查定语从句。句意：有没有听说我们的小学明年要被拆除了？是吗？我想大多数以前和现在的学生知道这个坏消息都会感到伤心难过的。第二个句子中依照句子中的“such”一词可以判定出后面是接“that”或“as”；接着判断后面的句子是否完整，很明显后面的句子“most of its former and present students will feel upset about.”中about后面没有宾语，故只能用as充当宾语成分从而构成定语从句来修饰前面的“news”一词。如果在后一句中about后接了宾语则需要考虑为“suchthat”的结果状语从句，故C项正确。10.【答案】C 【考点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法 【解析】【分析】句意：这是一个令人不快的话题，我们也许要争论很久。argue about something争论某事。11.【答案】D 【考点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法 【解析】【分析】考查定语从句。句意：这本书是在1946年写的，自从1946年起，教育体系见证了巨大的变化。根据has witnessed great challenges现在完成时，可知要用since引导时间状语从句，因为the education system has witnessed great challenges句子的主谓宾成分完整，不用关系代词用关系副词。then不能引导定语从句。故选D。12.【答案】D 【考点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法 【解析】【分析】考查定语从句、前面的two people 已经给出范围了,所以只能用neither,neither 是指两个人的,如果是three people或者更多按照句子的意思就得用none，B选项them不能引导定义从句。故选D13.【答案】B 【考点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法，表语从句 【解析】【分析】考查定语从句和表语从句。hotel做先行词，指物，在非限制性定语从句中做地点状语，可知第一空填where/in which；is后面是表语从句，引导词在表语从句中做地点状语，可知第二空填where。故选B。温馨提示：介词+which/whom只引导定语从句，不能引导其他从句。14.【答案】B 【考点】关系副词引导定语从句的用法 【解析】【分析】句意：我们还处于这样一个阶段，判断新当选的总统是否会给美国带来希望为时太早。先行词是stage，定语从句的结构很完整，it是形式主语，后面的不定式是真正的主语。先行词在定语从句中作状语，当先行词是stage时，定语从句关系词一般使用关系副词where。故答案为B。【点评】考查定语从句关系词的选择。15.【答案】D 【考点】关系副词引导定语从句的用法 【解析】【分析】句意：很多国家正在建立可以保护动植物的国家公园。 _ animals and plants can be protected.是一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词national parks, 先行词在从句中充当地点状语，因此选D。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词where引导的限制性定语从句的应用。16.【答案】B 【考点】非限制性定语从句 【解析】【分析】句意：随着农业的迅速发展，10年前她在他们村子里教书的人都已经过上了幸福的生活。本题定语从句的先行词是the people，关系动词whose指代先行词，放在名词village前面做定语。In which和who不能在句中做定语；故B正确。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词whose引导的非限制性定语从句的应用。17.【答案】B 【考点】关系副词引导定语从句的用法 【解析】【分析】句意：我们爬上了山顶，在那里我们可以看到整个森林公园的美景。此处the top of a hill是先行词，指地点，后面的非限制性定语从句不缺主谓宾语，缺一个地点状语，故选B。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句的应用。18.【答案】D 【考点】非限制性定语从句 【解析】【分析】句意：距离俱乐部不远处，有一个花园，它的主人每天下午坐在花园里和他的孩子们玩纸牌。这里构造非限制性定语从句，用whose指代先行词花园的，在定语从句中作定语。故选D。【点评】该题考查的是非限制性定语从句的考点。19.【答案】C 【考点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法 【解析】【分析】句意：那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。关系词在从句中作parts的定语，且先行词为machine，是物，故关系词用whose。20.【答案】D 【考点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法 【解析】【分析】句意：有两幢楼，其中较大的那幢有将近一百英尺高。the larger of which= and the larger of them。21.【答案】C 【考点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法 【解析】【分析】考查定语从句。句意：他呆在那里好长时间，期间他学了许多口语英语。因在介词后不能用that来引导定语从句，所以选C。【点评】本题要求考生在理解句义的基础上，进一步牢固掌握which引导的定语从句的用法。22.【答案】A 【考点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法 【解析】【分析】考查定语从句。题干中的先行词为all the information，能够引导定语从句的选项为A、B、C。as引导限制性定语从句，先行词一般有such，as，the same等词修饰；先行词被all，the only，next，only，形容词最高级等修饰时，定语从句用that引导，故选A。23.【答案】D 【考点】非限制性定语从句 【解析】【分析】句意：今天早上下雨了，这实际上没有打扰我，因为我喜欢在雨中散步。此处是整个句子作先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句作主语，故用which作关系词，故答案为D。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句。24.【答案】D 【考点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法 【解析】【分析】在电脑的帮助下人类进入了信息时代。如选择C项，两个句子缺少连词。D项引导点语从句。with whose help = with the help of the puter. 故D项正确。25.【答案】A 【考点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法 【解析】【分析】句意：他们在会议上提出了很多计划，其中没有一个在工作中被执行。先行词a lot of plans为物，指物的引导词做介词宾语时，只能使用which，故选A。【点评】考查定语从句的关系词。26.【答案】C 【考点】关系副词引导定语从句的用法，单项选择型 【解析】【分析】句意:她盼望着女儿在奥运会中获得金牌的那一天(的到来)。空处引导定语从句,且在从句中作时间状语。故该定语从句应用when引导。故选C。【点评】考查关系副词引导的定语从句。根据句意，分析句子成分，从而确定句子所缺的成分。27.【答案】D 【考点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法 【解析】【分析】句意：许多父母死于地震的孩子得到了村民们的很好的照顾。 parents had died in the earthquake 是一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词many children，在从句中作parents的定语，故用关系代词whose，选D。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词whos引导的定语从句的应用。二、语法填空28.【答案】who 【考点】非限制性定语从句 【解析】【分析】句意：然而,城市中的一百万人口没怎么考虑这些事件,都在那天晚上像往常一样睡着了。 thought little of these events是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who，故填who。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及who引导的非限制性定语从句的应用。29.【答案】who 【考点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法 【解析】【分析】句意：一些成功的语言学习者常常在其他领域失败。Some people是先行词，定语从句中缺少主语，故答案为who。【点评】考查定语从句关系代词的选用。30.【答案】that 【考点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法，语法填空 【解析】【分析】句意：我已经找到了那家能买到我们需要的一切的商店。shop是先行词，the very修饰先行词，关系词要用that。故答案为that。【点评】考查定语从句，理解句意，确定先行词，根据从句的结构即可判断答案。31.【答案】as；effects；to process；are removed；a；worse；is；eating；careful；which 【考点】形容词，关系代词引导定语从句的用法，动词不定式 【解析】【分析】(1)考查介词。句意：这一趋势最初始于医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。as表示“作为，以 身份”，故填as。(2)考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的some 可知“side effect”(副作用)有很多，故填effects。(3)考查不定式。句意：他们被要求加工食物。require表示“要求”，require sb. to do sth.表示“要 求某人做某事”，被动形式为“sb. be required to do sth.”(某人被要求做某事)。故填to process。(4)考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉。分析可知fat，salt和move之间是 被动关系，脂肪和盐分是两种东西，且是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。(5)考查冠词。 固定短语as a result表示“结果”。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。(6)查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。(7)考查主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中满是脂肪和盐。fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为 不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。(8)考查动名词。句意：通过吃更多的快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。根据前文 中的by可知此处应该填名词、动名词，所以填eating。(9)考查形容词。句意：然而，注意不要走极端。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。(10)考查非限制性定语从句。句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知 which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整句话。【点评】 语法填空主要通过语篇在语境中考语法，因此在解题前要快速浏览全文，把握全文大意，结合短文提供的特定的语言环境，从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性，再根据句子的结构和意义，以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。32.【答案】where 【考点】关系副词引导定语从句的用法 【解析】【分析】句意：现在人们更关心他们居住的环境。 they live是一个限制性定语从句，先行词是the environment ，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词where引导的限制性定语从句的应用。33.【答案】a；which 【考点】不定冠词，非限制性定语从句，语法填空 【解析】【分析】名词success表示“成功的事”时，为可数名词；which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语。故答案为（1）a; （2）which.【点评】考查抽象名词具体化和非限制性定语从句关系代词的选用。34.【答案】which 【考点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法 【解析】【分析】句意：他写了很多儿童读物，其中近一半是在20世纪90年代出版的。在非限制性定语从句中，表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用of which/whom或者of which/whom都可以。表示部分的可以是具体数目或百分数，也可以是few, several, some, half, many, much, most, all, none, either, neither, a quarter, a number, the larger, the smallest, the majority等。指物用which。故答案为：which。【点评】考查定语从句中“整体与部分”的关系代词。35.【答案】whose 【考点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法，语法填空 【解析】【分析】句意：没人想要屋顶塌陷的房子。the house作先行词，在后面的定语从句中作定语，roof与house构成所属关系，故答案为whose。【点评】考查whose引导定语从句，首先要确定先行词，然后确定先行词在从句中的功能。36.【答案】which 【考点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法，语法填空 【解析】【分析】句意：她曾在北京大学学习，此后，她又到国外深造。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词只能用which或whom，且不能省略。此处用which指代前面一整句的内容。故答案为which。【点评】考查“介词+关系代词“”引导的定语从句的关系代词选用。37.【答案】as/which 【考点】as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 【解析】【分析】句意：太阳给地球热，这使植物有可能生长。as 和which都可代表整个句子的内容或主句中的某一成分。故答案为：as/which。【点评】考查as 和which都可引导非限制性定语从句。