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第五节代词和介词(短语)1Nervouslyfacingchallenges，IknowIwillwhisperto(I) thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”(2019北京)答案myself解析考查代词。句意为：焦虑不安地面临挑战时，我知道我将轻声对自己说：“做你自己。”此处whisperto这一动作的发出者和承受者为同一人，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。2Astudyshowsthestudentswhoareengagedinafterschoolactivitiesarehappierthan(that) whoarenot.(2019天津)答案those解析考查代词。句意为：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词对应thestudents，是复数，故填those。3Runningischeap，easyanditsalwaysenergetic.Ifyouaretimepoor，youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports，soperhapsweshouldallgiveatry.(2018全国)答案running/it解析考查名词或代词。此处号召我们尝试一下这种运动，因此可以填名词running，也可以用it指代。givesth.atry尝试一下某事。4Onecupofcoffeeinthelateafternoonoreveningwillcause(they) tostayawakealmostallnight.(201811月浙江)答案them解析考查代词。此处作动词cause的宾语用宾格形式。故填them。5ManywesternerswhocometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapcanbetoeatout.(20186月浙江)答案it解析考查it的用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是itcanbecheaptoeatout.其中不定式toeatout是真正的主语，it是形式主语。故填it。6However，therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths，morethan25,000peoplewereusingeveryday.(2017全国)答案it解析考查代词。use是及物动词，其后接宾语，此处明显缺少代词。分析句意可知，这里用it指代前句的therailway，故填it。7Pahlssonscreamedsoloudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse.“shethoughtIhadhurt(I)，”saysPahlsson.(20176月浙江)答案myself解析考查反身代词。根据语境可知，hurt这一动作的发出者和承受者为同一人，故应用I的反身代词形式，意为“她认为我伤了我自己”，故填myself。1人称代词数人称主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词单数一Imemyminemyself二youyouyouryoursyourself三hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数一weusouroursourselves二youyouyouryoursyourselves三theythemtheirtheirsthemselves2不定代词含义指代都任何一个都不两者botheitherneither三者或三者以上allanynone3one，another，theother，some，others，theothers的区别一个/一些另外一个/一些剩余的一个/一些单数oneanothertheother复数someotherstheothers单数onebookanotherbooktheotherbook复数somebooksotherbookstheotherbooks4that，those的用法that指代上文提到的单数名词或不可数名词(the单数名词/不可数名词，与前面的名词不是同一个，即同名不同物)。Thestoryismoreinterestingthanthat(thestory) youreadafewdaysago.those指代上文提到的复数名词(the复数名词，同名不同物的复数)。ThecomputersmadeinChinaareasgoodasthose(thecomputers) madeintheUSA.1Modernmethodstrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid1980s，andareexpensivetoperformconsistentlyoveralargearea.(2019全国) 答案of/for解析考查介词。此处trackingpolarbearpopulations作Modernmethods的定语，用of连接，methodsofdoingsth.意为“的方法”。或者意为“用于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。2Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapackdogs，seventobeexact.(2019全国)答案of解析考查介词。apackof意为“一群”，为固定搭配。故填of。3Firstcelebrated1970，theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions(地区)(2019北京)答案in解析考查介词。句意为：第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今，这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in。4Theanswerthisquestionisnotclear.(20196月浙江)答案to解析考查介词。句意为：这个问题的答案不清楚。theanswerto.的答案，为固定搭配。故填to。5Favorablepoliciesareeffecttoencourageemployeesprofessionaldevelopment.(2019江苏)答案in解析考查介词短语。句意为：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。ineffect实际上，为固定搭配，故填in。6Cornuseslesswaterriceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥) runoff.(2018全国)答案than解析由句中的比较级less可知，此处将玉米和水稻进行比较，故填than。7IwassearchingthesethreewesternlowlandgorillasIdbeenobserving.(2018全国)答案for解析考查介词。searchfor寻找，为固定搭配。8Isuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmumshomedinner，getafewcookingtipsfromher.(20186月浙江)答案for解析考查介词。gotoyourmumshomefordinner去你妈妈家吃饭。for表示目的，意为“为了要，为了得到”。9Thistrend，whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界)amethodoffightingheartdisease，hashadsomeunintendedsideeffectssuchasoverweightandheartdiseasetheverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.(2017全国)答案as解析考查介词。此处指作为抵抗心脏病的一种方法，所以用介词as。10Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandwork.(2017全国)答案from解析考查介词。traveltoandfromwork上下班。11Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfulltimebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegreeengineeringorarchitecture.(2017全国)答案in解析考查介词。关于某个专业的学位要用介词in。adegreeinengineeringorarchitecture工程学或建筑学学位。1介宾关系2介词的基本含义in在里面表示时间段，加年/月/季节/世纪/朝/年代，几十岁的时候，还泛指上午、下午或晚上例：in1990，inSeptember，inspring，inthe18thcentury，intheMingDynasty，in1980s，inonestwenties，inthemorning处于状态例：ingoodcondition状态良好ingoodshape身材好用某种语言/专业 (speak)例：inEnglishinaway在某方面；在某种程度上instrength在力量上incourage在勇气上on在上在具体的时间，或具体的上午、下午或晚上例：onOctober1，onSunday，onChristmasDay，onthemorningofMay1关于(about)身上带着，有(with)例：haveenoughmoneywith/onmeon(upon)n./doing一就at在某处例：attheairport在时(刻)例：at600inthemorning在岁(具体)例：at20以价格、速度例：atahigh/low price以高/低价ataspeedof.以速度朝，向(某方向或目标)例：throwat，laughat因而；一听到/看到/想到就例：attheterriblesightto向，朝(某方向或某处) (指时间)在(某时间)之前例：aquartertosix差一刻到六点tenminutestotwo一点五十分属于(某人/某物)例：thekeytothedoor，theanswertothequestionfor(表示目的)为了例：forpleasure为了好玩(表示对象)给例：Thereisaletterforyou.对某人来说例：Itiseasyforus.(表示理由或原因)因为，由于例：ThankyouforhelpingmewithmyEnglish.表示“持续一段时间”例：foranhour(表示目标、去向)往，向例：leavefor，headforthetrainforParis开往巴黎的火车表示“支持，赞同”，反义词为“against”例：Areyouforthisplanoragainstit?with和在一起例：withafriend有，带有，具有例：withmoremoney随着例：withage随着年龄的增长withtimegoingbyastimegoesby随着时间的流逝by靠近，在旁边例：bythefire在炉火旁按计算，常用“bythe单数可数名词”例：bytheday按日由，靠，通过(表示交通方式)例：bybus乘公交车off下来；离开例：keepoff远离，falloff掉下来远离，脱离例：offthemainroad远离大路，offtrack脱轨休息，休假例：offduty休息(onduty值班)，takeadayoff休班一天across横过，从一边到另一边例：walkacrossthestreet过马路在对面例：acrosstheroad在马路对面against反对，违背例：goagainstthelawofnature违背自然规律靠着例：leanagainstthewall靠墙逆着例：againstthewind逆风在映衬下例：Thehilllooksmorebeautifulagainstthebluesky.在蓝天的映衬下，山峰更显美丽。beyond(表示时间)表晚于，超过例：beyondvisitinghour超出探视时间表示范围、水平、能力等“超出之外；非能力所及”例：beyondoneswildestdreams某人做梦也没想到beyondrecognition认不出来增分训练.单句语法填空1Thefirmisalsoresponsiblemillionsofonlineshoppersdetailsaroundtheglobe.答案for解析考查介词。beresponsiblefor对负责，为固定搭配。句意为：该公司还负责全球数百万在线购物者的详细信息。故填for。2ThestudentsspentfivedaysattheirschoollearningexperiencedworkersfromtheMasonryInstituteofIowa，aprofessionalorganization.答案from解析考查介词。句意为：学生们在学校里待了五天向爱荷华州砖石协会经验丰富的工人学习，这是一个专业的组织。learnfrom表示“向学习”，故填from。3Ifpossible，theycangivetheirparentsagiftonaspecialdayorhelpwithhouseworkaregularbasis.答案on解析考查介词。句意为：如果可能的话，他们可以在特殊的日子送给父母礼物，也可以定期帮他们做家务。onaregularbasis经常地，定期地，为固定短语，故填on。4Wefoundthatsingingaspartofagroupcontributespeoplesrecoveryfrommentalhealthproblems.答案to解析考查介词。句意为：我们发现参与合唱有助于精神疾病的恢复。contributeto有助于，为固定短语，故用介词to。5Readingfictionisoneofthebestwayswehaveofputting(we) inotherpeoplesshoes.答案ourselves解析考查反身代词。句意为：阅读小说是我们设身处地为别人着想的最好方法之一。put的逻辑主语是we，故宾语应用反身代词ourselves。6(they) goalofproducingnotrashisprobablyimpossibletoreach.答案Their解析考查形容词性物主代词。句意为：他们的不产生垃圾的目标不太可能实现。goal为名词，前面需要形容词修饰，故填形容词性物主代词Their，注意句首首字母大写。7Since2013，thenumberofcouplesaged25to29hasbeengreaterthanofyoungercouples.答案that解析考查代词。句意为：自2013年以来，25至29岁的夫妇数量一直高于更年轻的夫妇。分析句子可知，本空指代前面的thenumber，指代前面的同类但不同一事物的词，故填that。8Theroad(it) hasalreadybeencompleted，andnowitsonlyamatterofconnectingthegrid(输电网)答案itself解析考查反身代词。道路本身已经完成。此处用itself作同位语，故答案为itself。.易错练习1EverynewyearintheheartlandofindustrialChinathousandsuponthousandsofmotorcyclistsbravetheweatherandhittheroad，determinedtomakehome.答案it解析考查代词。句意为：每年新年，在中国工业中心地带，成千上万的摩托车手冒着严寒上路，决心回家。根据句意可知，他们冒着严寒，也一定要回家，makeit及时抵达，走完路程。故填it。2Anotherfriendof(I) realizedthattwooffdutylifeguards，LizandAlisonManley，werenearby.答案mine解析考查代词。anotherfriendofmine我的另一个朋友。of是介词，这里表所属关系，后跟名词性物主代词。故填mine。3Accordingtoexperts，thekeytheForbiddenCitysstrength，aswellasotherancientChinesestructures，liesindougong(斗栱)acenturiesoldbuildingmethodinventedinChina.答案to解析考查介词。key与介词to搭配，意为“紫禁城坚固的关键”。故填to。4ButaTVshow，LettersAlive，ishelpingbringthisoldwaytokeepintouchbackthepresent.答案to解析考查介词。句意为：见字如面这档电视节目正将这一保持联系的老方式带回到现代人的视野。bring.backto.意为“把带回到”，为固定搭配，故用to。强化练(六).语法填空A(2019贵州贵阳适应性考试一)Franklinslifeisfullofcharmingstorieswhichallyoungmenshouldknow1.hesoldbooksinBoston，andbecametheguestofkingsinEurope；howhewasmadeMajorGeneralFranklin，onlytoquitbecause，ashesaid，hewasnosoldier，andyethelpedtoorganizethearmythatstoodbeforethetrainedtroopsofEnglandandGermany.ThispoorBostonboy，withoutadaysschooling，2.(become) amasterofsixlanguagesandneverstopped3.(study)；thisneglectedapprentice(学徒) conqueredlightning，madehisnamefamous，4.(receive) degreesanddiplomasfrommanycolleges，andbecame forever remembered as the “Doctor Franklin”， a philosopher，scientist and 5.(politics) leader.Selfmade，selftaught，thecandlemakerssongavelight6.alltheworld；thestreetbooksellersetallmensingingofliberty；theapprenticebecamethemostsoughtaftermanacrosstheworld，andbroughthisnativelandtopraiseandhonorhim.HebuiltAmerica，forwhatthenationistodayislargelyduetothemanagement，theforethought，thewisdom，andthe7.(able) ofBenjaminFranklin.Hebelongstotheworld，but8.(especial) hebelongstoAmerica.Peoplearoundtheworldhonoredhimwhilehewasliving；heisstillregarded9.theloftiest(崇高的) manbythecommonpeopletodayafterhisdeath.Andhewillliveinpeoples10.(heart) forever.1答案how解析考查副词。此处与下文中的“howhewasmadeMajorGeneralFranklin”呼应，此处表示事情进行的方式，故用副词how。2答案became解析考查动词的时态。根据下文的“andneverstopped”可知，是并列结构，故也用一般过去时。3答案studying解析考查非谓语动词。由句意可知，此处表示“他从未停止学习”，stopdoingsth.意为“停止做某事”，故用动名词作宾语。4答案received解析考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，此处和conquered，made，became是并列关系，故用一般过去时。5答案political解析考查形容词。修饰名词用形容词，故用形容词political修饰名词leader，在句子中作定语。6答案to解析考查介词。givesth.tosb.意为“给某人某物”，故用介词to。7答案ability解析考查词形转换。根据冠词the和介词of以及上文的management，forethought和wisdom可知，此处用名词ability表示抽象概念。8答案especially解析考查副词。副词修饰形容词、副词、动词、介词短语，甚至整个句子，在句子中作状语。此处副词especially修饰整个句子。9答案as解析考查介词。regard.as.意为“把看作”，为固定搭配，故用介词as。10答案hearts解析考查名词复数。heart作“心；内心”时为可数名词，根据空前的peoples可知，此处表示复数概念，故用名词复数hearts。B(2019丽水模拟)Twoladieslivinginoppositeapartmentssay“hello”whentheymeeteachotherinthecorridor.Oneofthemsays，“Imovedherefiveyearsago,11.Inevermetyoubefore.CouldIaskyournameplease？”Theothersays，“I12.(be) hereforsixyears.HowshouldIcallyou？”Itseemsveryridiculous13.peoplelivingsoneardontknoweachotherforsuchalongtime.However，youcanfindthiskindofstory14. (perform) everywhere.Itistheexact15. (reflect) ofinterpersonalrelationshipsinthemodernworld.Inthemodernworldmostpeopleliveinapartments.Theyclosetheirdoorsandnevergooutassoonastheygethomefromwork.Iftheylivealone，theywillkilltheirtime16.watchingTVorreadingmagazines.Theydonthaveanyconnectionsevenwiththeir17.(close) neighbors，whoseemnodifferentfrompeopletheymeeteverydayin18.street.Thisphenomenondoesnogoodtous，nortooursociety.Peoplewillfeelmoreandmorelonely.Theworldbecomessoindifferent.Itstimethatwe19. (take) somemeasurestoimproveit.Peoplelivinginthesameplacecan20. (organize) tohavesomeactivities.Weshouldcallonpeopletobefriendlytoeachother.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章通过两个邻居的对话引出了现代社会很普遍的现象：邻居之间非常陌生。之后作者分析了原因并提出了对策。11答案but解析考查连词。句意为：我五年前搬到这儿，但是之前我从没见过你啊。根据句意可知，此处表转折。故填but。12答案havebeen解析考查时态。句意为：我住在这里已经6年了，我该如何称呼你？根据时间状语forsixyears可知，用现在完成时。故填havebeen。13答案that解析考查主语从句。句意为：人们如此长的时间住这么近还不认识彼此似乎很荒唐。此处为it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句：peoplelivingsoneardontknoweachotherforsuchalongtime。故填that。14答案performed/beingperformed解析考查非谓语动词。句意为：然而，你可以发现这样的故事到处都在上演。findsth.done/being done，发现某事被做了或正在被做。故填performed/beingperformed。15答案reflection解析考查词性转换。句意为：这是现代社会人际关系的真实反映。根据前面的形容词exact可知，此处应用名词形式。故填reflection。16答案by解析考查介词。句意为：通过看电视或杂志消磨时间。by表示“通过方式”，故填by。17答案closest解析考查形容词最高级。句意为：即便与最近的邻居也没有任何联系。根据句意可知，此处应用形容词的最高级。故填closest。18答案the解析考查冠词。句意为：邻居们似乎和他们在大街上每天都遇到的人没什么不同。inthestreet在街上。故填the。19答案took/shouldtake解析考查固定句型。句意为：到了我们该采取行动改善这种现象的时候了。本题考查虚拟语气的固定句型Its(high) timethatwedid/should do sth.意为“该到了做某事的时候了”，故填took/shouldtake。20答案beorganized解析考查被动语态。句意为：住在同一处的人们可以被组织起来举行一些活动。根据句意可知，此处是情态动词的被动语态。故填beorganized。.阅读理解ADigitalgroundingiswhenparentsorcaregiverslimitorcompletelytakeawayaccesstotechnologyfromchildren.AccordingtoastudyconductedbyPewResearch,65%ofparentshavedigitallygroundedtheirteenbytakingawaytheirteenscellphoneorInternetaccessaspunishment.Becausechildrenaresoconnectedwiththeirtechnologies，digitalgroundingmayseemlikealogicalstepforparents.Takeawayachildsmostcherisheditemandhe/she will quickly learn from his/herbehavior.Buttheideaofdigitalgroundingisntasclearcutasthat.Instead，itmaybealoselosesituationforparentsandkids，alike.Formostparents，thegoalofgroundingisnttomaketheirchildrenunhappyorsad.Itistoteachalessoninthehopethattheywontengageinwhateverbehaviorgotthemintroubleinthefirstplace.Unfortunately，though，digitalgroundingisoftenjustpunishment，notdiscipline.Ifachildstaysoutpastcurfew(约定的最晚回家时间)，apunishmentwouldbehittingoryellingathim/her.Discipline would be not letting him/hergooutthenextweekendbecausehe/shefailedtofollowrules.Weveallbeentherewevecaughtourchildrendoingsomethingwrongandintheheatofthemomentlaidoutastrictpunishment.Wemayhavebeenfeelinghotheaded，embarrassed，orupset.Often，though，thesepunishmentsdontalignwiththebadbehavior.Whiledigitalgroundingmaysolvetheproblemtemporarily，itwontprovidechildrenwiththeguidancetheyneedtoactappropriatelyinthefuture.Insteadofgrounding，showyourchildrenwhattheydidwrongandgivethemthechancetoactdifferently.Thisway，theywilllearnfromtheirmistakesinapracticalmannerandfigureoutwaystobesafeandsmartwithtechnology.Theresnodenyingthattechnologyishereforthelonghaul.Thisiswhysomeparentingexpertsdontrecommenddigitallygroundingyourchildren.Itdoesntfocusontheendgoalofsafebehavior.Theyrecommendteachingthemgoodhabitsassoonaspossible，ratherthantakingawaytheirtechnology.Bydigitallygroundingthem，youareputtingabandageoverthewound，ratherthantreatingit.Now，whenwesaythatdigitalgroundingisaloselosesituation，werenotsayingthatdiscipliningyourchildreningeneralisaloselosesituation.Disciplineisagreatwaytoteachchildrenlessons，whenusedappropriately.21Whichofthefollowingisaformofdiscipline?AHittingoryellingatchildren.BLayingoutastrictpunishmentintheheatofthemoment.CTakingawayaccesstocellphonesfromchildrencompletely.DForbiddingkidstogooutthenextweekendiftheystayoutpastcurfew.答案D解析细节理解题。由第三段最后两句“Ifachildstaysoutpastcurfew(约定的最晚回家时间)，apunishmentwouldbehittingoryellingathim/her.Discipline would be not letting him/hergooutthenextweekendbecausehe/she failed to follow rules.”可知，一个孩子超过约定的最晚回家时间，惩罚就是打他/她或对其大喊大叫。纪律不会让他/她下周末出去，因为他/她没有遵守规则。故D选项正确。22Whatdoestheauthorthinkofdigitalgrounding?AItbenefitschildrengreatly.BItisnobetterthandisciplining.CParentscanuseittocorrectkidsbehavior.DNeitherparentsnorchildrengainbenefitsfromit.答案D解析细节理解题。由第二段末句“Instead，itmaybealoselosesituationforparentsandkids，alike.”可知，相反，这对父母和孩子来说可能是一种两败俱伤的局面。故D选项正确。23Whatdoestheauthorsuggestparentsdoinsteadofgrounding?AGivekidsmorefreetime.BActappropriatelyinpublic.CHelpkidsformgoodhabits.DPutabandageoverthewound.答案C解析推理判断题。由倒数第二段倒数第二句“Theyrecommendteachingthemgoodhabitsassoonaspossible，ratherthantakingawaytheirtechnology.”可知，他们建议尽快教他们好习惯，而不是拿走他们的科技。故C选项正确。24Whatsthepurposeofthetext?AToinformusofwaysofpunishingkids.BToexplainwhatdigitalgroundingmeans.CToshowhowtoparentchildrenindigitaltimes.DToprovedigitalgroundingisnotagoodparentingway.答案D解析写作目的题。由第二段末句“Instead，itmaybealoselosesituationforparentsandkids，alike.”、第三段第一句“Formostparents，thegoalofgroundingisnttomaketheirchildrenunhappyorsad.”、第五段第一句“Whiledigitalgroundingmaysolvetheproblemtemporarily，itwontprovidechildrenwiththeguidancetheyneedtoactappropriatelyinthefuture.”和第六段第二句“Thisiswhysomeparentingexpertsdontrecommenddigitallygroundingyourchildren.”可知，本文的目的是证明“数码囚禁”并不是教导孩子的好方法。故D选项正确。BDogsareourbestfriends.Thatsespeciallytrueafteradisaster，suchasanearthquake.Whenbuildingsfalldown，searchandrescuedogshelpfindtrappedpeople.Dogsamazingnosescanpickupthesmellofsurvivors.Nowscientistshavedevelopedanelectronictoolthatdoesthesamething.Itstakingsmelldetection(探测) toawholenewlevel.Thenewinventionisasortofelectronicnose，whichcandetectextremelylowlevelsofmanycompounds(化合物) frompeoplesskin.Thisisntthefirsttimeengineershavedevelopedsuchanobject.Earliermodels，however，havebeenbulkyandexpensive.Theycouldnotdetectlowlevelsoftargetcompoundseither.Thenewoneisinexpensiveandsmallenoughtofitinsidehandheldequipment.Theelectronicnosecandetectextremelyslightsmellofmorethanonecompoundatthesametime.“Beingabletodothis，insuchasmallobject，isthesignificantdiscovery，”saysSotirisEPratsinis，professorofProcessEngineering&MaterialsScienceattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyinZurich.Histeamtesteditinspecialspaces.Theywerelikethesmallspaceswherepeoplemightbetrapped.Chemicalsgivenoffbythevolunteersbuiltupinside.Theelectronicequipmentdetectedthosecompoundsatunbelievablylowlevels.Theresultsweregoodnewsfortheresearchteam.Buttheymaybenotforourfourleggedfriends，whocouldsoonbeoutofajob.“Ideally，thistechnologycouldreplacesearchandrescuedogs，”Pratsinissays.StephenTaylor，anelectricalengineer，agreesthatthenewtechnologyhassomebenefitsoverdogs.Still，hethinksitmaybetoosoontohaveourtrustyfriendsretire.Hesuspects，“Iforeseethatsuchanobjectcouldaddtothefineworkdonebythedogs.”Tayloralsopointedoutsomepotentiallimitationsofthenewinvention.“Enosesareuseful.Buttheycanbeverylikelytobeaffectedbyunstablereadingsandinterruption，”hesays.25Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“bulky”underlinedinParagraph2?AComplex.BFragile.CHandy.DLarge.答案D解析词义猜测题。根据第二段第三句“Earliermodels，however，havebeenbulkyandexpensive.”和最后一句“Thenewoneisinexpensiveandsmallenoughtofitinsidehandheldequipment.”可知，此处bulky与“smallenoughtofitinsidehandheldequipment”形成对比，意为“体积大的”。26WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?AWhatenosesworkingprincipleis.BHowenosesaremade.CWhatdifferencesbetweendogsandenosesare.DHowpowerfulenosesare.答案D解析段落大意题。第三段主要讲了Pratsinis的团队在模拟的灾后人们被困的环境中做实验，证明电子鼻能够检测到人们释放出的微量的化合物，其功能很强大，可以完全胜任救援狗的工作。故D项正确。27WhatdoesStephenTaylormean?ADogsandenosescouldworktogether.BSearchandrescuedogswillretiresoon.CEnosesaremorereliablethannosesofdogs.DDogsarebetteratfindingouttrappedpeople.答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句中的“Iforeseethatsuchanobjectcouldaddtothefineworkdonebythedogs.”可知，斯蒂芬泰勒认为，在电子鼻的帮助下，救援狗能更好地进行救援工作，即狗与电子鼻可合作救人。故A项正确。.七选五(2019安徽江南十校检测)Whenbignewsbreaks，itseasytogetcaughtupinfollowingthestoryonline.TheInternetcanbeaplacetofindusefulinformation.28Helpingkidsunderstandthenewsandhowtoseparatefactfromfictionisanimportantjobforparentsandeducators.Heressomeadvicethatparentscanofferkidstohelpthembequickertojudgeastheyconsumenewsonline.29Intherushtocoverstories，reportersmakemistakes，officialsdontalwayshavecorrectinformationandtidbits (八卦新闻) thatsoundreasonableoftengetpassedaroundbeforeanyonehascheckedthemforaccuracy.Usesocialmediawisely.SomesayTwitterisagreatsourceofnewsinthefirstfewminutesofatragedy.30Ontheotherhand，canbeagreatwaytoconnectwithfriendsaffectedbyeventsinthenewsandtospreadpersonalnewswithinamorelimitedcircle.Beskeptical.31AftertheBostonMarathonbombing，NBCSportsreportedthatsomerunnerskeptrunningallthewaytothehospitaltodonatebloodforthevictims.Nottrue.Thereareplentyofwebsitesdevotedtoexposingfalsenewsstories.TheWashingtonPostalsohasaFactCheckercolumnthatdeliversclaimsmadebypublicofficialsandpoliticians.Visitthemtofindoutifastoryistrue.Keepitageappropriate.Kidsarentalwaysreadytodigestbig，tragicnewsespeciallyifthenewsisaboutkids，suchasschoolshootingsorabuses.Theconstantrepetitionofinformationcanbeconfusingforyoungerkids，andatthebeginningofanewsevent，parentsmightnotbeabletoofferanycorrectanswers.32ARemember，breakingnewsisoftenwrong.BItalsocanbethesourceofmisinformation.CIfsomethingsoundstoogoodtobetrue，itprobablyis.DMakesureyouandyourkidsarentfallingvictimtofalsenews.EHowever，afterthatitjustbecomesmessyandlargelyinaccurate.FWit
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