2022年考博英语-西南交通大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷82（附答案带详解）

2022年考博英语-西南交通大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Can the Internet help patients jump the line at the doctors office? The Silicon Valley Employers Forum, a sophisticated group of technology companies, is launching a pilot program to test online virtual visits between doctors at three big local medical groups and about 6,000 employees and their families. The six employers taking part in the Silicon Valley initiative, including heavy hitters such as Oracle and Cisco Systems, hope that online visits will mean employees wont have to skip work to attend to minor ailments or to follow up on chronic conditions. With our long commutes and traffic, driving 40 miles to your doctor in your hometown can be a big chunk of time, says Cindy Conway, benefits director at Cadence Design Systems, one of the participating companies.Doctors arent clamoring to chat with patients online for free; though they spend some unpaid time on the phone. Only 1 in 5 has ever E-mailed a patient, and just 9 percent are interested in doing so, according to the research firm Cyber Dialogue. “We are not stupid, says Stifling Somers, executive director of the Silicon Valley employers group. Doctors getting paid is a critical piece in getting this to work. In the pilot program, physicians will get $20 per online consultation, about what they get for a simple office visit.Doctors also fear theyll be swamped by rambling E-mails that tell everything but whats needed to make a diagnosis. So the new program will use technology supplied by Healinx, an Alameda, Calif.-based start-up. Healinxs Smart Symptom Wizard questions patients and turns answers into a succinct message. The company has online dialogues for 60 common conditions. The doctor can then diagnose the problem and outline a treatment plan, which could include E-mailing a prescription or a face-to-face visit.Can E-mail replace the doctors office? Many conditions, such as persistent cough, require stethoscope to discover whats wrong and to avoid a malpractice suit. Even Larry Bonham, head of one of the doctors groups in the pilot, believes the virtual doctors visits offer a “very narrow sliver of service between phone calls to an advice nurse and a visit to the clinic.The pilot program, set to end in nine months, also hopes to determine whether online visits will boost worker productivity enough to offset the cost of the service. So far, the Internets record in the health field has been underwhelming. The experiment is a huge roll of the dice for Healing, notes Michael Barrett, an analyst at Internet consulting firm Forester Research. If the Web visits succeed, some HMOs (Health Maintenance Organizations) are expected to pay for online visits. If doctors, employers, and patients arent satisfied, figure on one more E-health start-up to stand down.1.The Silicon Valley employers promote the E-health program for the purpose of（ ）.2.What can be learned about the on-line doctors visits?3.According to the second paragraph, doctors are（ ）.4.Smart Symptom Wizard is capable of（ ）.5.It can be inferred from the passage that the future of online visits will mostly depend on whether（ ）.问题1选项A.rewarding their employeesB.gratifying the local hospitalsC.boosting worker productivityD.testing a sophisticated technology问题2选项A.They are a quite promising business.B.They are funded by the local government.C.They are welcomed by all the patients.D.They are very much under experimentation.问题3选项A.reluctant to serve online for nothingB.not interested in Web consultationC.too tired to talk to the patient onlineD.content with $20 paid per Web visit问题4选项A.making diagnosesB.producing prescriptionsC.profiling patients illnessD.offering a treatment plan问题5选项A.the employers would remain confident in themB.they could effectively replace office visitsC.HMOs would cover the cost of the serviceD.new technologies would be available to improve the E-health project【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】第1题:判断推理题。最后一段指出了目的:The pilot program, set to end in nine months, also hopes to determine whether online visits will boost worker productivity enough to offset the cost of the service (为期九个月的这次的试点项目，也希望去确定网上问诊是否将提高员工的生产率足够到抵消服务成本)。因此C项“提高工作效率”正确。第2题:判断推理题。第一段第二句指出:The Silicon Valley Employers Forum, a sophisticated group of technology companies, is launching a pilot program to test online “virtual visits” (作为资深技术团队的硅谷雇主论坛推出了一个试点项目来测试虚拟访问（即网上问诊）)。由此可知D选项“它们还在实验当中”正确。第3题:细节事实题。A:医生不愿意在网上免费服务。B:对网上咨询不感兴趣。C:太累而不能与病人在网上聊天。D:对一次网上问诊20美元的价格满意。第二段第一句及第二句指出: Doctors arent clamoring to chat with patients online for free; though they spend some unpaid time on the phone. Only 1 in 5 has ever E-mailed a patient, and just 9 percent are interested in doing so, according to the research firm Cyber Dialogue (医生们并没有叫嚷着要免费和病人在线聊天，尽管他们在电话上花了一些无偿的时间。据研究公司网络对话（Cyber Dialogue）称，只有五分之一的人曾给病人发过电子邮件，只有9%的人对此感兴趣)。由此可知，A项正确，B项不正确。C项跟D项并未被文章提及，故排除。第4题:细节事实题。第三段指出: Healinxs “Smart Symptom Wizard” questions patients and turns answers into a succinct message (Healinx的“智能症状向导”向患者提问，并将答案转化为简洁的信息)。因此C选项“扼要描述病人的病情”正确。而其余三项均是医生的工作。因此本题选C。第5题:判断推理题。A:雇主将仍对它们有信心。B:它们能有效替代医院问诊。C:健康维护组织会承担服务费用。D:改善网络健康工程的新技术将存在。最后一段指出: If the “Web visits” succeed, some HMOs （Health Maintenance Organizations） are expected to pay for online visits. If doctors, employers, and patients arent satisfied, figure on one more E-health start-up to stand down (如果“网上问诊”成功，一些健康维护组织（HMO）将为在线访问付费。如果医生、雇主和病人都不满意，那就再找一家电子健康初创公司)。由此可知D项正确，A项过于片面。而B项属于过度推理，C项只是结果，并不是条件。因此本题选D。2. 单选题Smuggling is a（ ）activity which might bring destruction to our economy; therefore, it must be banned.问题1选项A.pertinentB.fruitfulC.detrimentalD.casual【答案】C【解析】句意:走私是一种非法活动，可能会破坏经济，因此，必须禁止。考查形容词辨析。pertinent相关的，恰当的;fruitful 富有成效的，多产的; detrimental 有害的，不利的；casual 随便的，非正式的。根据整个句意可知应选择表示负面意义的词，故选C。3. 单选题The governments new cyber-security officials yesterday asked telecommunications companies for help in building a government computer network that would have no risk of outside penetration a task some computer security consultants say is nearly impossible. Plans for the private network, called Govnet, hinge on whether a reliable network infrastructure can be built at an affordable price, officials said. Computer system consultants said they could not estimate how much the network would cost because of the governments enormous size and security needs. Richard Clarke, who was appointed special adviser to the president for cyberspace security this week, said he believes a more reliable system can be built. Ninety percent of available fiber-optic space is unused and fairly inexpensive to obtain, he said.Govnet is part of a plan Clarke announced earlier this week to secure our cyberspace from a range of possible threats, from hackers to criminals to terrorist groups, to foreign nations, which might use cyber-war against us in the future. Govnet would be completely independent from the Internet to help keep out hackers and viruses, according to the governments plan. The request from the General Services Administration asks that telecommunications companies submit proposals about how the network could be built, how much it would cost, and how long it would take to construct.This year, the current network has been breached by hackers, computer worms and viruses. The system was also roughed up by the Code Red computer worm and an attack program called “I Love You. The viruses affected thousands of government computers. Last year a report by the General Accounting Office, an internal government watchdog, found weaknesses in the computer network that could allow terrorists or hackers to severely damage or disrupt national defense or vital public operations or steal sensitive data. Clarke said the governments current virtual private network is vulnerable to viruses and denial-of-service attacks that would make it more difficult to execute Govnet.An internal network, such as the Govnet proposal, is worth investigating but will probably fall to sophisticated hackers, said Am it Yoran. chief executive of the security-services company Riptech Inc. and a former information-security program director at the Defense Department. It is probably more feasible to implement and strongly enforce global security postures and practices rather than go out and purchase new assets.” Yoran said. “Once someone is able to get in, they will find a weak link. When you have a network the size of the governments there will be weak links. Someone will get in.”1.According to the passage, what is Govnet?2.It is implied that some computer consultants consider Govnet to be almost impossible because（ ）.3.By what means will Govnet realize the enhancement of the governments cyber-security?4.What Amit Yoran said amounts to denying（ ）.5.The initiative for constructing an internal network stems from（ ）.问题1选项A.A reliable network infrastructure that can be built at an affordable price.B.A government computer network that may prove immune to penetration.C.A national security system to be developed by the government.D.A private national security system to be developed against outside invasion.问题2选项A.a considerable cost will be requiredB.there isnt a reliable network infrastructure yetC.it is totally different from the InternetD.no telecommunications company can afford it问题3选项A.By stepping up its virus-killing software.B.By scanning for viruses and attacks constantly.C.By secluding itself from the Internet.D.By establishing an internal watchdog committee.问题4选项A.the feasibility of building a security programB.the efficiency of the present network in countering outside attacksC.the conceived security of GovnetD.the possibility of enhancing the security of the government network问题5选项A.the vulnerability of the present network to outside attacksB.the improvement in network security technologyC.the desire to build a stronger national defense systemD.the proposals submitted by telecommunications companies【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。Govnet的意思可参考首句: The governments new cyber-security officials yesterday asked telecommunications companies for help in building a government computer network that would have no risk of outside penetration (政府新的网络安全官员昨天要求电信公司帮助建立一个不会受到外来入侵威胁的政府计算机网络)。由此可知，B项 “一个可能证明免于侵入的政府计算机网络”正确。第2题:细节事实题。第一段指出: Computer system consultants said they could not estimate how much the network would cost because of the governments enormous size and security needs (计算机系统顾问们称，由于政府的巨大规模和安全需要，所以他们无法估算该网络的花费)。由此可知A项“需要相当大的花费”正确。第3题:细节事实题。第二段指出: Govnet would be completely independent from the Internet to help keep out hackers and viruses, according to the governments plan (根据政府的计划，Govnet将完全独立于互联网，以帮助抵御黑客和病毒)。由此可知C项“通过让自身与互联网隔离开”正确。第4题:细节事实题。由题干定位至最后一段Yoran所说:Once someone is able to get in, they will find a weak link. When you have a network the size of the governments there will be weak links (一旦有人能够进入，那么他们将会找到一个薄弱的连接。当你有一个政府网络大小的网络时， 这里将会有薄弱的连接)。因此，选C项“(Yoran所说的等于否定了)设想的政府网络的安全性”。第5题:细节事实题。题干意为:构建内部网络的倡议来自于。倒数第二段指出: This year, the current network has been breached by hackers, computer worms and viruses (今年，现在的网络被黑客、计算机蠕虫和病毒攻破过)。因此，A项“现在的网络对外来攻击的脆弱性”正确。4. 单选题If a person talks about his weakness, the listener is expected to say something in the way of （ ）.问题1选项A.assuranceB.encouragementC.persuasionD.confirmation【答案】B【解析】句意:如果一个人谈论自己的弱点，那么他就会期望听者说些鼓励的话。考查名词辨析。assurance 保证;担保;encouragement 鼓励；persuasion 劝服；confirmation 确认;证实。因此B符合句意。5. 单选题What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science? We all know that science plays an important role in the societies. However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first aspect is the application of the machines, products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. Through technology, science improves the structure of society and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment.The second aspect is the application by all members of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity -he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.He is good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes. He utilizes the facts he observes to the fullest extent. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.He is skeptical he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available -and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively to verify them.Furthermore, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place.These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.1.Many people believe that science helps society to progress through（ ）.2.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about curiosity?3.According to the passage, a successful scientist would not（ ）.4.What does the passage mainly discuss?5.What is the authors attitude towards the topic?问题1选项A.applied knowledgeB.more than one aspectC.technology onlyD.the use of machines问题2选项A.It gives the scientist confidence and pleasure in work.B.It gives rise to interest in problems that are unexplained.C.It leads to efforts to investigate potential connections.D.It encourages the scientist to look for new ways of acting.问题3选项A.easily believe in unchecked statementsB.easily criticize others research workC.always use his imagination in workD.always use evidence from observation问题4选项A.Application of technology.B.Progress in modern society.C.Scientists ways of thinking and acting.D.How to become a successful scientific.问题5选项A.CriticalB.ObjectiveC.BiasedD.Unclear【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第一段指出: However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science (然而，许多人认为社会的进步取决于科学的两个不同方面)。因此B项 “不止一个方面”正确。第2题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词curiosity定位至第三段。A:它赋予了科学家在工作中的信心和乐趣。第三段最后一句指出: Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves (除此之外，他认为自己能够改善现有的条件并享受努力解决相关问题的过程)。由此可见，A项符合原文所述。B:它激发人们对未解之谜的兴趣。该段还指出: he wants to find out how and why the universe works (他想要发现宇宙运行的原因和方式)。这里的how and why the universe works相当于B项的problems that are unexplained，由此可见，B项符合原文所述。C:它引导人们研究(调查)潜在的联系。根据该段中的 “his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected (他的这种好奇心促使他去探寻事物之间潜藏的联系，即使相关数据显示这些事物之间似乎没有联系)”可知C项也符合原文所述。D:它鼓励科学家寻找新的行为方式。只有D项在原文中找不到相关信息，故本题选D。第3题:细节事实题。第五段指出:he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available (他不会去接受那些不是基于充分的证据的论断)。因此A项 “轻易相信未经检查的陈述”正确。第4题:主旨大意题。本文采取总分的结构，先是总述:科学在社会中起着重要作用，然而，许多人都认为社会的进步取决于科学的两个不同的方面。后面重点讲了科学的第二个方面，即科学家在工作的过程中所使用的思考和行为方法，因此C项 “科学家思考和行动的方式”是文章重点讨论的。第5题:观点态度题。此文章为说明文。文章只是客观陈述了许多人认为决定社会进步的两个不同的科学方面，重点介绍了科学家在工作的过程中所使用的思考和行为方法，并未掺杂个人观点及情感，故选B项。6. 单选题Nobody came to see me while I was out, （ ）?问题1选项A.did theyB.didnt theyC.did sheD.didnt she【答案】C【解析】考查反义疑问句。由题干可知Nobody为表示否定意义的不定代词，当陈述句的主语是表示否定意义的不定代词（如 none, nobody, nothing等）时，反义疑问句的疑问词要用肯定语气did并且用第三人称单数，由此可知C选项正确。句意：当我出去的时候，没有人来看过我，对吗？7. 单选题（ ）of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.问题1选项A.To be freeB.To freeC.FreeingD.Freed【答案】D【解析】句意:摆脱了冰块的负担之后，气球向上朝南方飘去。语法题。考查非谓语动词。句子的后半部分已经完整，因此空格处应填入动词的非谓语形式，前半部分作为整句的状语。句子的主语是“气球”，动词free与其之间是被动关系，故选D项。8. 单选题In Britain people（ ）four million tons of potatoes every year.问题1选项A.swallowB.disposeC.consumeD.exhaust【答案】C【解析】句意:在英国，人们每年消耗四百万吨土豆。考查动词辨析。swallow 忍受;吞没;dispose 处理;处置;安排；consume 消耗；消费;exhaust 耗尽;排出。空格处动词的宾语是potatoes(土豆)，因此C项符合句意。9. 单选题The detective story might not be （ ） interesting to keep the child awake.问题1选项A.enoughB.adequatelyC.amplyD.sufficiently【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。选项A：enough “（侧重表示分量或数量的足够）足够地，充分地”；选项B: adequately意思是“（表示程度）足够地，适当地”；选项C：amply意思是“（侧重表示是数量）充足地”；选项D:sufficiently意思是“（侧重表示是数量）充分地，足够地”。根据句意本题需要选择一个程度副词来修饰interesting这个形容词，而选项A、C、D均侧重于数量和分量，因此选项B正确答案。句意：这本侦探小说或许没有有趣到让孩不子愿入睡。10. 单选题Archaeology as a profession faces two major problems. First, it is the poorest of the poor. Only paltry sums are available for excavating and even less is available for publishing the results and preserving the sites once excavated. Yet archaeologists deal with priceless objects every day. Second, there is the problem of illegal excavation, resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to the highest bidder.I would like to make an outrageous suggestion that would at one stroke provide funds for archaeology and reduce the amount of illegal digging. I would propose that scientific archaeological expeditions and governmental authorities sell excavated artifacts on the open market. Such sales would provide substantial funds for the excavation and preservation of archaeological sites and the publication of results. At the same time, they would break the illegal excavators grip on the market, thereby decreasing the inducement to engage in illegal activities.You might object that professionals excavate to acquire knowledge, not money. Moreover, ancient artifacts are part of our global cultural heritage, which should be available for all to appreciate, not sold to the highest bidder. I agree. Sell nothing that has unique artistic merit or scientific value. But, you might reply everything that conies out of the ground has scientific value. Here we part company. Theoretically, you may be correct in claiming that every artifact has potential scientific value. Practically, you are wrong.I refer to the thousands of pottery vessels and ancient lamps that are essentially duplicates of one another. In one small excavation in Cyprus, archaeologists recently uncovered 2,000 virtually indistinguishable small jugs in a single courtyard. Even precious royal seal impressions known as melekh handles have been found in abundance - more than 4.000 examples so far.The basements of museums are simply not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to be discovered in the future. There is not enough money even to catalogue the finds; as a result, they cannot b